The Meaning of 1 Samuel 26:18 Explained

1 Samuel 26:18

KJV: And he said, Wherefore doth my lord thus pursue after his servant? for what have I done? or what evil is in mine hand?

YLT: and he saith, 'Why is this -- my lord is pursuing after his servant? for what have I done, and what is in my hand evil?

Darby: And he said, Why does my lord thus pursue after his servant? for what have I done? or what evil is in my hand?

ASV: And he said, Wherefore doth my lord pursue after his servant? for what have I done? or what evil is in my hand?

KJV Reverse Interlinear

And he said,  Wherefore doth my lord  thus pursue  after  his servant?  for what have I done?  or what evil  [is] in mine hand? 

What does 1 Samuel 26:18 Mean?

Context Summary

1 Samuel 26:13-25 - Facing The Truth At Last
It is good to notice David's frequent references to the living Lord. See 1 Samuel 26:10; 1 Samuel 26:16; 1 Samuel 26:23. The fact is that he was always waiting on God. See Psalms 40:1-17, which may have emanated from this period in his life. David would take no mean advantage of his adversary. He would not retaliate nor avenge his wrongs. He refused to admit the specious argument that opportunity means permission, and license, liberty. He quieted the fever of his soul, resisted the subtle temptation of the adversary, and elected to wait for the slow unfolding of the divine purpose. Calm thyself; God is working out the plan of thy life! In His own time-the best time-he will give thee thy heart's desire!
When David gave such unmistakable evidences of his loyalty, innocence and affection, Saul was overcome with emotion, and confessed that he had played the fool. It is thus that we may win men still. The man who can watch with God shows that he is possessed of spiritual strength which others must acknowledge. Fret not thyself because of evil-doers; trust in the Lord; delight in the Lord; roll the way of thy life on the Lord, and wait patiently for Him. [source]

Chapter Summary: 1 Samuel 26

1  Saul, by the discovery of the Ziphites, comes to Hachilah against David
4  David coming into the trench keeps Abishai from killing Saul,
11  but takes his spear and jug
13  David reproves Abner
17  and exhorts Saul
21  Saul acknowledges his sin

What do the individual words in 1 Samuel 26:18 mean?

And he said why [is] this [that] my lord pursues after his servant for what have I done or what in my hand evil [is]
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֛ה אֲדֹנִ֥י רֹדֵ֖ף אַחֲרֵ֣י ؟ עַבְדּ֑וֹ כִּ֚י מֶ֣ה ؟ עָשִׂ֔יתִי וּמַה־ בְּיָדִ֖י ؟ רָעָֽה

וַיֹּ֕אמֶר  And  he  said 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Qal, Consecutive imperfect, third person masculine singular
Root: אָמַר 
Sense: to say, speak, utter.
לָ֥מָּה  why 
Parse: Interrogative
Root: לָמָּה 
Sense: what, how, of what kind.
זֶּ֛ה  [is]  this  [that] 
Parse: Pronoun, masculine singular
Root: זֶה  
Sense: this, this one, here, which, this … that, the one … the other, another, such.
אֲדֹנִ֥י  my  lord 
Parse: Noun, masculine singular construct, first person common singular
Root: אָדֹון  
Sense: firm, strong, lord, master.
רֹדֵ֖ף  pursues 
Parse: Verb, Qal, Participle, masculine singular
Root: רָדַף  
Sense: to be behind, follow after, pursue, persecute, run after.
אַחֲרֵ֣י  after 
Parse: Preposition
Root: אַחַר 
Sense: after the following part, behind (of place), hinder, afterwards (of time).
؟ עַבְדּ֑וֹ  his  servant 
Parse: Noun, masculine singular construct, third person masculine singular
Root: עֶבֶד  
Sense: slave, servant.
؟ עָשִׂ֔יתִי  have  I  done 
Parse: Verb, Qal, Perfect, first person common singular
Root: עָשָׂה 
Sense: to do, fashion, accomplish, make.
וּמַה־  or  what 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Interrogative
Root: לָמָּה 
Sense: what, how, of what kind.
בְּיָדִ֖י  in  my  hand 
Parse: Preposition-b, Noun, feminine singular construct, first person common singular
Root: יָד  
Sense: hand.
؟ רָעָֽה  evil  [is] 
Parse: Adjective, feminine singular
Root: רַע 
Sense: bad, evil.