KJV: And when Gallio was the deputy of Achaia, the Jews made insurrection with one accord against Paul, and brought him to the judgment seat,
YLT: And Gallio being proconsul of Achaia, the Jews made a rush with one accord upon Paul, and brought him unto the tribunal,
Darby: But when Gallio was proconsul of Achaia, the Jews with one consent rose against Paul and led him to the judgment-seat,
ASV: But when Gallio was proconsul of Achaia, the Jews with one accord rose up against Paul and brought him before the judgment-seat,
Γαλλίωνος | Gallio |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: Γαλλίων Sense: Junius Annaeus Gallio, the Roman proconsul of Achaia when Paul was at Corinth, 53 A. |
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δὲ | however |
Parse: Conjunction Root: δέ Sense: but, moreover, and, etc. |
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ἀνθυπάτου | proconsul |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ἀνθύπατος Sense: a proconsul. |
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ὄντος | being |
Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: εἰμί Sense: to be, to exist, to happen, to be present. |
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Ἀχαΐας | Achaia |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: Ἀχαί̈α Sense: in a restricted sense, the maritime region of northern Peloponnesus. |
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κατεπέστησαν | rose up against |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: κατεφίσταμαι Sense: to set up against. |
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ὁμοθυμαδὸν | with one accord |
Parse: Adverb Root: ὁμοθυμαδόν Sense: with one mind, with one accord, with one passion. |
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Ἰουδαῖοι | Jews |
Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: Ἰουδαῖος Sense: Jewish, belonging to the Jewish race. |
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τῷ | - |
Parse: Article, Dative Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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Παύλῳ | Paul |
Parse: Noun, Dative Masculine Singular Root: Παῦλος Sense: Paul was the most famous of the apostles and wrote a good part of the NT, the 4 Pauline epistles. |
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ἤγαγον | led |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: ἄγω Sense: to lead, take with one. |
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βῆμα | judgment seat |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Neuter Singular Root: βῆμα Sense: a step, pace, the space which a foot covers, a foot-breath. |
Greek Commentary for Acts 18:12
Genitive absolute of present participle οντος ontos Brother of Seneca the Stoic (Nero‘s tutor) and uncle of Lucan the author of the Παρσαλια Pharsalia His original name was M. Annaeus Novatus till he was adopted by Gallio the rhetorician. The family was Spanish. Gallio was a man of culture and refinement and may have been chosen proconsul of Achaia for this reason. Statius calls him “dulcis Gallio.” Seneca says of him: Nemo enim mortalium uni tam dulcis quam hic omnibus (No one of mortals is so pleasant to one person as he is to all). Luke alone among writers says that he was proconsul, but Seneca speaks of his being in Achaia where he caught fever, a corroboration of Luke. But now a whitish grey limestone inscription from the Hagios Elias quarries near Delphi (a letter of Claudius to Delphi) has been found which definitely names Gallio as proconsul of Achaia The province of Achaia after various shifts (first senatorial, then imperial) back and forth with Macedonia, in a.d. 44 Claudius gave back to the Senate with proconsul as the title of the governor. It is amazing how Luke is confirmed whenever a new discovery is made. The discovery of this inscription has thrown light also on the date of Paul‘s work in Corinth as it says that Gallio came in the 26th acclamation of Claudius as Emperor in a.d. 51, that would definitely fix the time of Paul in Corinth as a.d. 50 and 51 (or 51 and 52). Deissmann has a full and able discussion of the whole matter in Appendix I to his St. Paul. [source]
Second aorist active of κατεπιστημι kaṫepḣistēmi intransitive, to take a stand against, a double compound verb found nowhere else. They took a stand See Acts 12:21. The proconsul was sitting in the basilica in the forum or agora. The Jews had probably heard of his reputation for moderation and sought to make an impression as they had on the praetors of Philippi by their rush (συνεπεστη sunepestē Acts 16:22). The new proconsul was a good chance also (Acts 25:2). So for the second time Paul faces a Roman proconsul (Sergius Paulus, Acts 13:7) though under very different circumstances. [source]
See Acts 12:21. The proconsul was sitting in the basilica in the forum or agora. The Jews had probably heard of his reputation for moderation and sought to make an impression as they had on the praetors of Philippi by their rush The new proconsul was a good chance also (Acts 25:2). So for the second time Paul faces a Roman proconsul (Sergius Paulus, Acts 13:7) though under very different circumstances. [source]
Brother of the philosopher Seneca (Nero's tutor), and uncle of the poet Lucan, the author of the “Pharsalia.” Seneca speaks of him as amiable and greatly beloved. [source]
See on Acts 13:7. The verb, to be deputy, occurs only here. [source]
See on Acts 7:5. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Acts 18:12
Second aorist (ingressive) active of the double compound συνεπιστημι sunephistēmi intransitive, old verb, but only here in the N.T. (cf. κατεπεστησαν katepestēsan in Acts 18:12). There was no actual attack of the mob as Paul and Silas were in the hands of the officers, but a sudden and violent uprising of the people, the appeal to race and national prejudice having raised a ferment. [source]
That is, Achaia (Acts 18:12; Acts 19:21), and particularly Corinth, whither he had at last come again after repeated attempts, pauses, and delays (2 Corinthians 13:1). Now at last the coast was clear and Paul apparently had an open door in Corinth during these three months, so completely had Titus at last done away with the opposition of the Judaizers there. [source]
A legal formality to give weight to the decision. Ingressive aorist active participle. For this use of βημα bēma for judgment seat, see Matthew 27:19, John 19:13, Acts 12:21, Acts 18:12, Acts 25:10. Same phrase repeated in Acts 25:17. To be brought (αχτηναι achthēnai). First aorist passive infinitive of αγω agō after εκελευσεν ekeleusen (commanded). Same words repeated in Acts 25:17 by Festus. [source]
The Romans divided Greece into two provinces (Achaia and Macedonia). Macedonia included also Illyricum, Epirus, and Thessaly. Achaia was all of Greece south of this (both Attica and the Peloponnesus). The restored Corinth was made the capital of Achaia where the pro-consul resided (Acts 18:12). He does not mention other churches in Achaia outside of the one in Corinth, but only “saints” Athens was in Achaia, but it is not clear that there was as yet a church there, though some converts had been won (Acts 17:34), and there was a church in Cenchreae, the eastern port of Corinth (Romans 16:1). Paul in 2 Corinthians 9:2 speaks of Achaia and Macedonia together. His language here would seem to cover the whole (οληι holēi all) of Achaia in his scope and not merely the environment around Corinth. [source]