KJV: And the chief captain answered, With a great sum obtained I this freedom. And Paul said, But I was free born.
YLT: and the chief captain answered, 'I, with a great sum, did obtain this citizenship;' but Paul said, 'But I have been even born so.'
Darby: And the chiliarch answered, I, for a great sum, bought this citizenship. And Paul said, But I was also free born.
ASV: And the chief captain answered, With a great sum obtained I this citizenship. And Paul said, But I am a Roman born.
| Ἀπεκρίθη | Answered |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Passive, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἀποκρίνομαι Sense: to give an answer to a question proposed, to answer. |
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| χιλίαρχος | commander |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: χιλίαρχος Sense: a chiliarch, the commander of a thousand soldiers. |
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| πολλοῦ | with a great |
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Parse: Adjective, Genitive Neuter Singular Root: πολύς Sense: many, much, large. |
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| κεφαλαίου | sum |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Neuter Singular Root: κεφάλαιον Sense: the chief or main point, the principal thing. |
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| πολιτείαν | citizenship |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: πολιτεία Sense: the administration of civil affairs. |
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| ταύτην | this |
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Parse: Demonstrative Pronoun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: οὗτος Sense: this. |
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| ἐκτησάμην | bought |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Middle, 1st Person Singular Root: κτάομαι Sense: to acquire, get, or procure a thing for one’s self, to possess. |
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| ὁ | - |
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Parse: Article, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| Παῦλος | Paul |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: Παῦλος Sense: Paul was the most famous of the apostles and wrote a good part of the NT, the 4 Pauline epistles. |
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| ἔφη | was saying |
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Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: φημί Sense: to make known one’s thoughts, to declare. |
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| δὲ | however |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: δέ Sense: but, moreover, and, etc. |
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| καὶ | even |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: καί Sense: and, also, even, indeed, but. |
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| γεγέννημαι | was born [so] |
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Parse: Verb, Perfect Indicative Middle or Passive, 1st Person Singular Root: γεννάω Sense: of men who fathered children. |
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Greek Commentary for Acts 22:28
The use of κεπαλαιου kephalaiou (from κεπαλη kephalē head) for sums of money (principal as distinct from interest) is old and frequent in the papyri. Our word capital is from χαπυτ caput (head). The genitive is used here according to rule for price. “The sale of the Roman citizenship was resorted to by the emperors as a means of filling the exchequer, much as James I. made baronets” (Page). Dio Cassius (LX., 17) tells about Messalina the wife of Claudius selling Roman citizenship. Lysias was probably a Greek and so had to buy his citizenship. [source]
Perfect passive indicative of γενναω gennaō The word “Roman” not in the Greek. Literally, “But I have been even born one,” (i.e. born a Roman citizen). There is calm and simple dignity in this reply and pardonable pride. Being a citizen of Tarsus (Acts 21:39) did not make Paul a Roman citizen. Tarsus was an urbs libera, not a colonia like Philippi. Some one of his ancestors (father, grandfather) obtained it perhaps as a reward for distinguished service. Paul‘s family was of good social position. “He was educated by the greatest of the Rabbis; he was at an early age entrusted by the Jewish authorities with an important commission; his nephew could gain ready access to the Roman tribune; he was treated as a person of consequence by Felix, Festus, Agrippa, and Julius” (Furneaux). [source]
Lit., capital. The purchase of Roman citizenship was an investment. Under the first Roman emperors it was obtained only at large cost and with great difficulty; later, it was sold for a trifle. [source]
Lit., I am even so born, leaving the mind to supplyfree or a Roman. Better, as Rev., I am a Roman born. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Acts 22:28
Wrong. The Israelite did not pay tithes of his possessions, but only of his gains - his annual increase. See Genesis 28:22; Deuteronomy 14:22. Besides, the verb, in the present tense, does not mean to possess, but to acquire; the meaning possess being confined to the perfect and pluperfect. Rev., get. Compare Matthew 10:9 (Rev.); Acts 22:28; Luke 21:19 (on which see note); 1 Thessalonians 4:4 (Rev.). [source]
Perfect passive participle of απαλλοτριοω apallotrioō for which see note on Colossians 1:21. Here followed by ablative case πολιτειας politeias old word from πολιτευω politeuō to be a citizen (Philemon 1:27) from πολιτης politēs and that from πολις polis (city). Only twice in N.T., here as commonwealth (the spiritual Israel or Kingdom of God) and Acts 22:28 as citizenship. Strangers from the covenants of the promise (χενοι των διατηκων της επαγγελιας xenoi tōn diathēkōn tēs epaggelias). For χενος xenos (Latin hospes), as stranger see Matthew 25:35, Matthew 25:38, and Matthew 25:43.; as guest-friend see note on Romans 16:23. Here it is followed by the ablative case διατηκων diathēkōn Having no hope No hope of any kind. In Galatians 4:8 ουκ ouk (strong negative) occurs with ειδοτες τεον eidotes theon but here μη mē gives a more subjective picture (1 Thessalonians 4:5). Without God (ατεοι atheoi). Old Greek word, not in lxx, only here in N.T. Atheists in the original sense of being without God and also in the sense of hostility to God from failure to worship him. See Paul‘s words in Romans 1:18-32. “In the world” (εν τωι κοσμωι en tōi kosmōi) goes with both phrases. It is a terrible picture that Paul gives, but a true one. [source]
Locative case of the articular present passive participle of λεγω legō after επι epi as in Luke 5:5; Hebrews 11:4, “in the matter of the things being discussed.” The chief point Neuter singular of the adjective κεπαλαιος kephalaios (from κεπαλη kephalē head), belonging to the head. Vulgate capitulum, nominative absolute in old and common sense, the main matter (even so without the article as in Thucydides), “the pith” (Coverdale), common in the papyri as in Greek literature. The word also occurs in the sense of the sum total or a sum of money (Acts 22:28) as in Plutarch, Josephus, and also in the papyri (Moulton and Milligan‘s Vocabulary). Such an high priest As the one described in chapters 4:16-7:28 and in particular Hebrews 7:26 He is himself a better priest than Aaron In this resumé (κεπελαιον kephelaion) the author gives the pith (κεπαλαιον kephalaion) of his argument, curiously enough with both senses of κεπαλαιον kephalaion (pith, summary) pertinent. He will discuss the four points remaining thus: (1) The better covenant, Hebrews 8:7-13. (2) The better sanctuary, Hebrews 9:1-12. [source]