KJV: But do not thou yield unto them: for there lie in wait for him of them more than forty men, which have bound themselves with an oath, that they will neither eat nor drink till they have killed him: and now are they ready, looking for a promise from thee.
YLT: thou, therefore, mayest thou not yield to them, for there lie in wait for him of them more than forty men, who did anathematize themselves -- not to eat nor to drink till they kill him, and now they are ready, waiting for the promise from thee.'
Darby: Do not thou then be persuaded by them, for there lie in wait for him of them more than forty men, who have put themselves under a curse neither to eat nor drink till they kill him; and now they are ready waiting the promise from thee.
ASV: Do not thou therefore yield unto them: for there lie in wait for him of them more than forty men, who have bound themselves under a curse, neither to eat nor to drink till they have slain him: and now are they ready, looking for the promise from thee.
| πεισθῇς | should be persuaded |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Subjunctive Passive, 2nd Person Singular Root: ἐπισείω Sense: persuade. |
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| αὐτοῖς | by them |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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| ἐνεδρεύουσιν | Lie in wait |
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Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: ἐνεδρεύω Sense: to lie in wait for, to lay wait for, prepare a trap for. |
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| γὰρ | indeed |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: γάρ Sense: for. |
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| αὐτὸν | for him |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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| ἄνδρες | men |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: ἀνήρ Sense: with reference to sex. |
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| πλείους | more than |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Plural, Comparative Root: πολύς Sense: greater in quantity. |
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| τεσσεράκοντα | forty |
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Parse: Adjective, Genitive Masculine Plural Root: τεσσαράκοντα Sense: forty. |
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| ἀνεθεμάτισαν | have put under an oath |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: ἀναθεματίζω Sense: to devote to destruction. |
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| ἑαυτοὺς | themselves |
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Parse: Reflexive Pronoun, Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Plural Root: ἑαυτοῦ Sense: himself, herself, itself, themselves. |
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| μήτε | neither |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: μήτε Sense: and not, neither … nor, not so. |
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| φαγεῖν | to eat |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Active Root: ἐσθίω Sense: to eat. |
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| μήτε | nor |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: μήτε Sense: and not, neither … nor, not so. |
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| πιεῖν | to drink |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Active Root: πίνω Sense: to drink. |
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| ἕως | until |
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Parse: Preposition Root: ἕως Sense: till, until. |
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| οὗ | that |
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Parse: Personal / Relative Pronoun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ὅς Sense: who, which, what, that. |
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| ἀνέλωσιν | they have killed |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Subjunctive Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: ἀναιρέω Sense: to take up, to lift up (from the ground). |
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| νῦν | now |
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Parse: Adverb Root: νῦν Sense: at this time, the present, now. |
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| εἰσιν | they are |
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Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: εἰμί Sense: to be, to exist, to happen, to be present. |
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| ἕτοιμοι | ready |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: ἕτοιμος Sense: prepare ready. |
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| προσδεχόμενοι | awaiting |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Middle or Passive, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: προσδέχομαι Sense: to receive to one’s self, to admit, to give access to one’s self. |
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| ἐπαγγελίαν | promise |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: ἐπαγγελία Sense: announcement. |
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Greek Commentary for Acts 23:21
First aorist passive subjunctive of πειτω peithō common verb, here to be persuaded by, to listen to, to obey, to yield to. With negative and rightly. Do not yield to them (dative) at all. On the aorist subjunctive with μη mē in prohibitions against committing an act see Robertson, Grammar, pp. 851-4. [source]
Present active indicative of ενεδρευω enedreuō old verb from ενεδρα enedra (Acts 23:16), in the N.T. only here and Luke 11:54 which see. Till they have slain him (εως ου ανελωσιν αυτον heōs hou anelōsin auton). Same idiom as in Acts 23:12 save that here we have ανελωσιν anelōsin (second aorist active subjunctive) instead of αποκτεινωσιν apokteinōsin (another word for kill), “till they slay him.” Looking for the promise from thee This item is all that is needed to put the scheme through, the young man shrewdly adds. [source]
Same idiom as in Acts 23:12 save that here we have ανελωσιν anelōsin (second aorist active subjunctive) instead of αποκτεινωσιν apokteinōsin (another word for kill), “till they slay him.” [source]
This item is all that is needed to put the scheme through, the young man shrewdly adds. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Acts 23:21
An old verb from εν en and εδρα hedra a seat, so to lie in ambush for one. Here only and Acts 23:21 in the N.T. Vivid picture of the anger of these rabbis who were treating Jesus as if he were a beast of prey. [source]
First aorist active indicative of ανατεματιζω anathematizō a late word, said by Cremer and Thayer to be wholly Biblical or ecclesiastical. But Deissmann (Light from the Ancient East, p. 95) quotes several examples of the verb in an Attic cursing tablet from Megara of the first or second century a.d. This proof shows that the word, as well as ανατεμα anathema (substantive) from which the verb is derived, was employed by pagans as well as by Jews. Deissmann suggests that Greek Jews like the seven sons of Sceva may have been the first to coin it. It occurs in the lxx as well as Mark 14:71 (which see and Luke 21:5); Acts 23:12, Acts 23:14, Acts 23:21. They placed themselves under an anathema or curse, devoted themselves to God (cf. Leviticus 27:28.; 1 Corinthians 16:22). Drink (πεινπιειν pein̂piein). Second aorist active infinitive of πινω pinō For this shortened form see Robertson, Grammar, p. 343. Till they had killed First aorist active subjunctive of αποκτεινω apokteinō common verb. No reason to translate “had killed,” simply “till they should kill,” the aorist merely punctiliar action, the subjunctive retained instead of the optative for vividness as usual in the Koiné{[28928]}š (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 974-6). Same construction in Acts 23:14. King Saul took an “anathema” that imperilled Jonathan (1 Samuel 14:24). Perhaps the forty felt that the rabbis could find some way to absolve the curse if they failed. See this verse repeated in Acts 23:21. [source]
First aorist active subjunctive of αποκτεινω apokteinō common verb. No reason to translate “had killed,” simply “till they should kill,” the aorist merely punctiliar action, the subjunctive retained instead of the optative for vividness as usual in the Koiné{[28928]}š (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 974-6). Same construction in Acts 23:14. King Saul took an “anathema” that imperilled Jonathan (1 Samuel 14:24). Perhaps the forty felt that the rabbis could find some way to absolve the curse if they failed. See this verse repeated in Acts 23:21. [source]
Without “than” (η ē) as in Acts 23:21; Acts 24:11 and often in the ancient Greek. [source]
The verb primarily to receive to one's self, accept, as here. Comp. Luke 15:2; Philemon 2:29. Mostly, in N.T. however, to wait for, expect, as Mark 15:43; Luke 2:25, Luke 2:38; Acts 23:21. [source]