KJV: And when they had taken up the anchors, they committed themselves unto the sea, and loosed the rudder bands, and hoised up the mainsail to the wind, and made toward shore.
YLT: and the anchors having taken up, they were committing it to the sea, at the same time -- having loosed the bands of the rudders, and having hoisted up the mainsail to the wind -- they were making for the shore,
Darby: and, having cast off the anchors, they left them in the sea, at the same time loosening the lashings of the rudders, and hoisting the foresail to the wind, they made for the strand.
ASV: And casting off the anchors, they left them in the sea, at the same time loosing the bands of the rudders; and hoisting up the foresail to the wind, they made for the beach.
| ἀγκύρας | anchors |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Plural Root: ἄγκυρα Sense: an anchor. |
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| περιελόντες | having cut away |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: περιαιρέω Sense: to take away that which surrounds or envelopes a thing. |
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| εἴων | they left [them] |
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Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: ἐάω Sense: to allow, permit, let. |
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| θάλασσαν | sea |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: θάλασσα Sense: the sea. |
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| ἅμα | at the same time |
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Parse: Adverb Root: ἅμα Sense: at the same time, at once, together prep. |
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| ἀνέντες | having loosened |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: ἀνίημι Sense: to send back, relax, loosen. |
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| ζευκτηρίας | ropes |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Plural Root: ζευκτηρία Sense: a band, fastening. |
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| τῶν | of the |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Neuter Plural Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| πηδαλίων | rudders |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Neuter Plural Root: πηδάλιον Sense: a ship’s rudder. |
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| ἐπάραντες | having hoisted |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: ἐπαίρω Sense: to lift up, raise up, raise on high. |
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| ἀρτέμωνα | foresail |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: ἀρτέμων Sense: a top-sail or foresail of a ship. |
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| τῇ | to the |
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Parse: Article, Dative Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| πνεούσῃ | blowing [wind] |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Dative Feminine Singular Root: πνέω Sense: to breathe, to blow. |
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| κατεῖχον | they began making |
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Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: κατέχω Sense: to hold back, detain, retain. |
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| αἰγιαλόν | shore |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: αἰγιαλός Sense: the shore of the sea, the beach. |
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Greek Commentary for Acts 27:40
Second aorist active of περιαιρεω periaireō Literally, “Having taken away from around,” that is all four anchors from around the stern. Cf. the other verbs with αγκυρας agkuras in Acts 27:29, Acts 27:30. [source]
Imperfect active of εαω eaō either descriptive or inchoative. They let the anchors go and the ropes fell down into the sea. At the same time loosing the bands of the rudders (αμα ανεντες τας ζευκτηριας των πηδαλιων hama anentes tas zeuktērias tōn pēdaliōn). On the use of αμα hama with the participle, old Greek idiom see Robertson, Grammar, p. 1139. The second aorist active participle of ανιημι aniēmi to relax, loosen up. Old verb, in N.T. Acts 16:26; Acts 27:40; Ephesians 6:9; Hebrews 13:5. Thayer notes that ζευκτηριας zeuktērias (bands) occurs nowhere else, but several papyri use it of yokes and waterwheels (Moulton and Milligan‘s Vocabulary). The word for rudders (πηδαλιον pēdalion) is an old one (from πηδον pēdon the blade of an oar), but in the N.T. only here and James 3:4. Page notes that the ancient ships had a pair of paddle rudders like those of the early northmen, one on each quarter. The paddle rudders had been fastened while the ship was anchored. Hoisting up the foresail to the wind Supply αυραι aurāi (breeze) after πνεουσηι pneousēi (blowing). It is not clear what “sail” is meant by “αρτεμωνα artemōna No other example in Greek is known, though the scholiast to Juvenal XII. 68 explains ςελο προρα συο velo prora suo by artemone solo. Hence “foresail” is probably correct. They made for the beach (κατειχον εις τον αιγιαλον kateichon eis ton aigialon). Imperfect active of κατεχω katechō to hold down, perhaps inchoative. “They began to hold the ship steadily for the beach.” [source]
On the use of αμα hama with the participle, old Greek idiom see Robertson, Grammar, p. 1139. The second aorist active participle of ανιημι aniēmi to relax, loosen up. Old verb, in N.T. Acts 16:26; Acts 27:40; Ephesians 6:9; Hebrews 13:5. Thayer notes that ζευκτηριας zeuktērias (bands) occurs nowhere else, but several papyri use it of yokes and waterwheels (Moulton and Milligan‘s Vocabulary). The word for rudders (πηδαλιον pēdalion) is an old one (from πηδον pēdon the blade of an oar), but in the N.T. only here and James 3:4. Page notes that the ancient ships had a pair of paddle rudders like those of the early northmen, one on each quarter. The paddle rudders had been fastened while the ship was anchored. [source]
Supply αυραι aurāi (breeze) after πνεουσηι pneousēi (blowing). It is not clear what “sail” is meant by “αρτεμωνα artemōna No other example in Greek is known, though the scholiast to Juvenal XII. 68 explains ςελο προρα συο velo prora suo by artemone solo. Hence “foresail” is probably correct. They made for the beach (κατειχον εις τον αιγιαλον kateichon eis ton aigialon). Imperfect active of κατεχω katechō to hold down, perhaps inchoative. “They began to hold the ship steadily for the beach.” [source]
Imperfect active of κατεχω katechō to hold down, perhaps inchoative. “They began to hold the ship steadily for the beach.” [source]
Wrong. The word means to remove, and refers here to cutting the anchor-cables, or casting off, as Rev. [source]
Wrong. The reference is to the anchors. Rev., correctly, left them in the sea. [source]
Lit., the bands of the rudders. The larger ships had two rudders, like broad oars or paddles, joined together by a pole, and managed by one steersman. They could be pulled up and fastened with bands to the ship; as was done in this ease, probably to avoid fouling the anchors when they were cast out of the stern. The bands were now loosened, in order that the ship might be driven forward. [source]
Only here in New Testament. Probably theforesail. So Rev. [source]
Lit.,held; bore down for. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Acts 27:40
Regular construction of the first aorist passive infinitive and the accusative of general reference with ωστε hōste for actual result just like the indicative. This old word for prison house already in Matthew 11:2; Acts 5:21, Acts 5:23 which see. Τεμελια Themelia is neuter plural of the adjective τεμελιος themelios from τεμα thema (thing laid down from τιτημι tithēmi). So already in Luke 6:48; Luke 14:29. If the prison was excavated from rocks in the hillside, as was often the case, the earthquake would easily have slipped the bars of the doors loose and the chains would have fallen out of the walls. Were opened First aorist passive indicative of ανοιγω anoigō (or νυμι ̇numi) with triple augment (η ε ω ēανετη e), ανιημι ōwhile there is no augment in anethē (first aorist passive indicative of aniēmi were loosed), old verb, but in the N.T. only here and Acts 27:40; Ephesians 6:9; Hebrews 13:5. [source]
First aorist passive indicative of ανοιγω anoigō (or νυμι ̇numi) with triple augment (η ε ω ēανετη e), ανιημι ōwhile there is no augment in anethē (first aorist passive indicative of aniēmi were loosed), old verb, but in the N.T. only here and Acts 27:40; Ephesians 6:9; Hebrews 13:5. [source]
Old word from αγκη agkē In N.T. only in this chapter, with ριπτω rhiptō here, with εκτεινω ekteinō in Acts 27:30, with περιαιρεω periaireō in Acts 27:40; and Hebrews 6:19 (figuratively of hope). From the stern (εκ πρυμνης ek prumnēs). Old word, but in N.T. only in Mark 4:38; here and 41 in contrast with πρωιρα prōira (prow). The usual practice was and is to anchor by the bows. “With a view to running the ship ashore anchoring from the stern would, it is said, be best” (Page). Nelson is quoted as saying that he had been reading Acts 27 the morning of the Battle of Copenhagen (April, 1801) where he anchored his ships from the stern. Wished for the day Imperfect middle, kept on praying for “day to come” (ημεραν γενεσται hēmeran genesthai) before the anchors broke under the strain of the storm or began to drag. If the ship had been anchored from the prow, it would have swung round and snapped the anchors or the stern would have faced the beach. [source]
Second aorist active of περιερχομαι perierchomai to go around, old verb, already in Acts 19:13. See also Hebrews 11:37; 1 Timothy 5:13. But Westcott and Hort read περιελοντες perielontes after Aleph B (from περιαιρεω periaireō) as in Acts 27:40, though here it could only mean casting loose, for which no other authority exists. At any rate the ship had to tack to reach Rhegium and was not able to make a straight course (εντυδρομεω enthudromeō Acts 16:11). [source]
Imperfect active of εαω eaō either descriptive or inchoative. They let the anchors go and the ropes fell down into the sea. At the same time loosing the bands of the rudders (αμα ανεντες τας ζευκτηριας των πηδαλιων hama anentes tas zeuktērias tōn pēdaliōn). On the use of αμα hama with the participle, old Greek idiom see Robertson, Grammar, p. 1139. The second aorist active participle of ανιημι aniēmi to relax, loosen up. Old verb, in N.T. Acts 16:26; Acts 27:40; Ephesians 6:9; Hebrews 13:5. Thayer notes that ζευκτηριας zeuktērias (bands) occurs nowhere else, but several papyri use it of yokes and waterwheels (Moulton and Milligan‘s Vocabulary). The word for rudders (πηδαλιον pēdalion) is an old one (from πηδον pēdon the blade of an oar), but in the N.T. only here and James 3:4. Page notes that the ancient ships had a pair of paddle rudders like those of the early northmen, one on each quarter. The paddle rudders had been fastened while the ship was anchored. Hoisting up the foresail to the wind Supply αυραι aurāi (breeze) after πνεουσηι pneousēi (blowing). It is not clear what “sail” is meant by “αρτεμωνα artemōna No other example in Greek is known, though the scholiast to Juvenal XII. 68 explains ςελο προρα συο velo prora suo by artemone solo. Hence “foresail” is probably correct. They made for the beach (κατειχον εις τον αιγιαλον kateichon eis ton aigialon). Imperfect active of κατεχω katechō to hold down, perhaps inchoative. “They began to hold the ship steadily for the beach.” [source]
On the use of αμα hama with the participle, old Greek idiom see Robertson, Grammar, p. 1139. The second aorist active participle of ανιημι aniēmi to relax, loosen up. Old verb, in N.T. Acts 16:26; Acts 27:40; Ephesians 6:9; Hebrews 13:5. Thayer notes that ζευκτηριας zeuktērias (bands) occurs nowhere else, but several papyri use it of yokes and waterwheels (Moulton and Milligan‘s Vocabulary). The word for rudders (πηδαλιον pēdalion) is an old one (from πηδον pēdon the blade of an oar), but in the N.T. only here and James 3:4. Page notes that the ancient ships had a pair of paddle rudders like those of the early northmen, one on each quarter. The paddle rudders had been fastened while the ship was anchored. [source]
Rev., correctly, is taken away. The verb occurs twice in Acts (Acts 27:20, Acts 27:40) of the taking away of hope, and of the unfastening of the anchors in Paul's shipwreck; and in Hebrews 10:11, of the taking away of sins. There is an allusion here to the removal of the veil from Moses' face whenever he returned to commune with God. See Exodus 34:34. [source]
Present passive indicative of περιαιρεω periaireō old verb, to take from around, as of anchors (Acts 27:40), to cut loose (Acts 28:13), for hope to be taken away (Acts 27:20). Here Paul has in mind Exodus 34:34 where we find of Moses that περιηιρειτο το καλυμμα periēireito to kalumma (the veil was taken from around his face) whenever he went before the Lord. After the ceremony the veil is taken from around (περι peri̇) the face of the bride. [source]
Along with your kindly reception of Onesimus. On αμα hama see note on Acts 24:26 and note on Acts 27:40. [source]
The verb is used in N.T. as here, 1 Thessalonians 5:21; Philemon 1:13; of restraining or preventing, Luke 4:42; of holding back or holding down with an evil purpose, Romans 1:18; 2 Thessalonians 2:7; of holding one's course toward, bearing down for, Acts 27:40. [source]
Comp. Genesis 28:15; Joshua 1:5; Deuteronomy 31:6. None of these, however, give the saying in the form in which it appears here. This appears to be a combination or general adaptation of those passages. For “never,” rend. “by no means” or “in no wise.” Ἀνῶ from ἀνίημι . In Acts 16:26; Acts 27:40, to loosen: Ephesians 6:9, to give up or forbear. Somewhat in this last sense here: “I will in no wise give thee up, or let thee go.” I will not relax my hold on thee. For ἐγκαταλίπω forsakesee on 2 Timothy 4:10. [source]
Better, rudder, as Rev. The rudder was an oar worked by a handle. Helm and rudder were thus one. The word occurs only here and Acts 27:40. [source]
Concessive participle of ειμι eimi The quantitative pronoun τηλικουτος tēlikoutos occurs in the N.T. only here, 2 Corinthians 1:10; Hebrews 2:3; Revelation 16:18. If James had only seen the modern mammoth ships. But the ship on which Paul went to Malta carried 276 persons (Acts 27:37).And are driven (και ελαυνομενα kai elaunomena). Present passive participle of ελαυνω elaunō old verb, in this sense (2 Peter 2:17) for rowing (Mark 6:48; John 6:19).Rough Old adjective (from σκελλω skellō to dry up), harsh, stiff, hard (Matthew 25:24).Are yet turned (μεταγεται metagetai). Present passive indicative of the same verb, μεταγω metagō in James 3:3. James is fond of repeating words (James 1:13.; James 2:14, James 2:16; James 2:21, James 2:25).By a very small rudder For the use of υπο hupo (under) with things see Luke 8:14; 2 Peter 2:7. There is possibly personification in the use of υπο hupo for agency in James 1:14; James 2:9; Colossians 2:18. Πηδαλιου Pēdaliou (from πηδον pēdon the blade of an oar) is an old word, in N.T. only here and Acts 27:40. Ελαχιστου Elachistou is the elative superlative as in 1 Corinthians 4:3 (from the Epic ελαχυς elachus for μικρος mikros).The impulse (η ορμη hē hormē). Old word for rapid, violent motion, here of the hand that worked the rudder, in N.T. only here and Acts 14:5 (rush or onset of the people).Of the steersman Present active genitive articular participle of ευτυνω euthunō old verb, to make straight (from ευτυς euthus straight, level, Mark 1:3), in N.T. only here and John 1:23. Used also of the shepherd, the charioteer, and today it would apply to the chauffeur. “The twin figure of the control of horse and of ship are frequently found together in later Greek writers” (Ropes). As in Plutarch and Philo.Willeth (βουλεται bouletai). Present middle indicative of βουλομαι boulomai common verb to will. Here intention of the steersman lies back of the impact of the hand on the rudder. [source]
Old adjective (from σκελλω skellō to dry up), harsh, stiff, hard (Matthew 25:24).Are yet turned (μεταγεται metagetai). Present passive indicative of the same verb, μεταγω metagō in James 3:3. James is fond of repeating words (James 1:13.; James 2:14, James 2:16; James 2:21, James 2:25).By a very small rudder For the use of υπο hupo (under) with things see Luke 8:14; 2 Peter 2:7. There is possibly personification in the use of υπο hupo for agency in James 1:14; James 2:9; Colossians 2:18. Πηδαλιου Pēdaliou (from πηδον pēdon the blade of an oar) is an old word, in N.T. only here and Acts 27:40. Ελαχιστου Elachistou is the elative superlative as in 1 Corinthians 4:3 (from the Epic ελαχυς elachus for μικρος mikros).The impulse (η ορμη hē hormē). Old word for rapid, violent motion, here of the hand that worked the rudder, in N.T. only here and Acts 14:5 (rush or onset of the people).Of the steersman Present active genitive articular participle of ευτυνω euthunō old verb, to make straight (from ευτυς euthus straight, level, Mark 1:3), in N.T. only here and John 1:23. Used also of the shepherd, the charioteer, and today it would apply to the chauffeur. “The twin figure of the control of horse and of ship are frequently found together in later Greek writers” (Ropes). As in Plutarch and Philo.Willeth (βουλεται bouletai). Present middle indicative of βουλομαι boulomai common verb to will. Here intention of the steersman lies back of the impact of the hand on the rudder. [source]
For the use of υπο hupo (under) with things see Luke 8:14; 2 Peter 2:7. There is possibly personification in the use of υπο hupo for agency in James 1:14; James 2:9; Colossians 2:18. Πηδαλιου Pēdaliou (from πηδον pēdon the blade of an oar) is an old word, in N.T. only here and Acts 27:40. Ελαχιστου Elachistou is the elative superlative as in 1 Corinthians 4:3 (from the Epic ελαχυς elachus for μικρος mikros).The impulse (η ορμη hē hormē). Old word for rapid, violent motion, here of the hand that worked the rudder, in N.T. only here and Acts 14:5 (rush or onset of the people).Of the steersman Present active genitive articular participle of ευτυνω euthunō old verb, to make straight (from ευτυς euthus straight, level, Mark 1:3), in N.T. only here and John 1:23. Used also of the shepherd, the charioteer, and today it would apply to the chauffeur. “The twin figure of the control of horse and of ship are frequently found together in later Greek writers” (Ropes). As in Plutarch and Philo.Willeth (βουλεται bouletai). Present middle indicative of βουλομαι boulomai common verb to will. Here intention of the steersman lies back of the impact of the hand on the rudder. [source]