KJV: When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he brought Jesus forth, and sat down in the judgment seat in a place that is called the Pavement, but in the Hebrew, Gabbatha.
YLT: Pilate, therefore, having heard this word, brought Jesus without -- and he sat down upon the tribunal -- to a place called, 'Pavement,' and in Hebrew, Gabbatha;
Darby: Pilate therefore, having heard these words, led Jesus out and sat down upon the judgment-seat, at a place called Pavement, but in Hebrew Gabbatha;
ASV: When Pilate therefore heard these words, he brought Jesus out, and sat down on the judgment-seat at a place called The Pavement, but in Hebrew, Gabbatha.
Ὁ | - |
Parse: Article, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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Πιλᾶτος | Pilate |
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: Πειλᾶτος Sense: the sixth Roman procurator of Judah and Samaria who ordered Christ to be crucified. |
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ἀκούσας | having heard |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ἀκουστός Sense: to be endowed with the faculty of hearing, not deaf. |
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λόγων | words |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Plural Root: λόγος Sense: of speech. |
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τούτων | these |
Parse: Demonstrative Pronoun, Genitive Masculine Plural Root: οὗτος Sense: this. |
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ἤγαγεν | brought |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἄγω Sense: to lead, take with one. |
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ἔξω | out |
Parse: Adverb Root: ἔξω Sense: without, out of doors. |
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τὸν | - |
Parse: Article, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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Ἰησοῦν | Jesus |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: Ἰησοῦς Sense: Joshua was the famous captain of the Israelites, Moses’ successor. |
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ἐκάθισεν | sat down |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: καθίζω Sense: to make to sit down. |
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ἐπὶ | upon |
Parse: Preposition Root: ἐπί Sense: upon, on, at, by, before. |
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βήματος | [the] judgment seat |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Neuter Singular Root: βῆμα Sense: a step, pace, the space which a foot covers, a foot-breath. |
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εἰς | at |
Parse: Preposition Root: εἰς Sense: into, unto, to, towards, for, among. |
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τόπον | a place |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: τόπος Sense: place, any portion or space marked off, as it were from surrounding space. |
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λεγόμενον | called |
Parse: Verb, Present Participle Middle or Passive, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: λέγω Sense: to say, to speak. |
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Λιθόστρωτον | [the] Stone Pavement |
Parse: Adjective, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: λιθόστρωτος Sense: spread (paved with stones). |
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Ἑβραϊστὶ | in Hebrew |
Parse: Adverb Root: Ἑβραϊστί Sense: in Hebrew, i. |
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δὲ | now |
Parse: Conjunction Root: δέ Sense: but, moreover, and, etc. |
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Γαββαθα | Gabbatha |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Neuter Singular Root: Γαββαθᾶ Sense: a raised place, elevation. |
Greek Commentary for John 19:13
“Took his seat upon the βημα bēma ” (the raised platform for the judge outside the palace as in Acts 7:5). The examination is over and Pilate is now ready for the final stage. The Pavement Late compound from λιτος lithos stone, and the verbal adjective στρωτος strōtos form στρωννυμι strōnnumi to speak, a mosaic or tesselated pavement, spread with stones, in 2 Chronicles 7:3, Josephus, Epictetus, papyri. The Chaldean name Γαββατα Gabbathā an elevation, was apparently given because of the shape. [source]
The best texts read τῶν λόγων τούτων , these words. He was afraid of an accusation at Rome before Tiberius, an accusation which could be justified by his misrule. [source]
See on Acts 7:5. The best texts omit the article, which may indicate that the tribunal was an improvised one. [source]
From λίθος , stone, and στρωτός , strewn or spread. [source]
From the Hebrew gab “back,” and meaning, therefore, a raised place. Thus the Aramaic term is not a translation of the Greek term, which indicates that the place, wherever it was, was distinguished by a mosaic or tessellated pavement. Suetonius relates that Julius Caesar used to carry about with him on his expeditions a portable tessellated pavement for his tribunal. It is not likely, however, that there is any allusion to such a practice here. Westcott explains Gabbatha as the ridge of the house. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for John 19:13
Note both εχ ex and εχω exō (went out outside), since the Sanhedrin would not come into Pilate‘s palace. Apparently on a gallery over the pavement in front of the palace (John 19:13). Accusation Old word for formal charge, in N.T. only here, 1 Timothy 5:19; Titus 1:6. Against this man Objective genitive after κατηγοριαν katēgorian A proper legal inquiry. [source]
Bengel argues that this proves a date before the destruction of Jerusalem, but it is probably only John‘s vivid memory. By the sheep gate Supply πυληι pulēi (gate) which occurs with the adjective προβατικη probatikē (pertaining to sheep, προβατα probata) in Nehemiah 3:1, Nehemiah 3:22. A pool A diving or swimming pool (from κολυμβαω kolumbaō to swim, Acts 27:43), old word, only here in N.T. Which is called “The surnamed” (present passive participle, only N.T. example except Acts 15:40 first aorist middle participle επιλεχαμενος epilexamenos). In Hebrew “In Aramaic” strictly as in John 19:13, John 19:17, John 19:20; John 20:16; Revelation 9:11; Revelation 16:16. Bethesda Aleph D L 33 have ετζατα Bethzatha or House of the Olive, while B W Vulg. Memph. have ετσαιδα Bethsaida Having five porches Στοα Stoa was a covered colonnade where people can gather from which Stoic comes (Acts 17:18). See John 10:23; Acts 3:11. Schick in 1888 found twin pools north of the temple near the fortress of Antonia one of which has five porches. It is not, however, certain that this pool existed before a.d. 70 when the temple was destroyed (Sanday, Sacred Sites of the Gospels, p. 55). Some have identified it with the Pool of Siloam (John 9:7), though John distinguishes them. There is also the Virgin‘s Well, called the Gusher, because it periodically bubbles over from a natural spring, a kind of natural siphon. This is south of the temple in the Valley of Kedron and quite possibly the real site. [source]
Lit., lead him up; i.e., to the elevated place where the tribunal stood, to pronounce sentence of death before the people. See John 19:13. [source]
Second aorist middle indicative of τιτημι tithēmi common verb. This is the third imprisonment of Peter (Acts 4:3; Acts 5:18). To four quaternions of soldiers (τεσσαρσιν τετραδιοις στρατιωτων tessarsin tetradiois stratiōtōn). Four soldiers in each quaternion (τετραδιον tetradion from τετρας tetras four), two on the inside with the prisoner (chained to him) and two on the outside, in shifts of six hours each, sixteen soldiers in all, the usual Roman custom. Probably Agrippa had heard of Peter‘s previous escape (Acts 5:19) and so took no chances for connivance of the jailors. After the passover The passover feast of eight days. “The stricter Jews regarded it as a profanation to put a person to death during a religious festival” (Hackett). So Agrippa is more scrupulous than the Sanhedrin was about Jesus. To bring him forth (αναγαγειν αυτον anagagein auton). Second aorist active infinitive of αναγω anagō to lead up, old verb, used literally here. Peter was in the inner prison or lower ward and so would be led up to the judgment seat where Herod Agrippa would sit (cf. John 19:13). To the people Ethical dative, in the presence of and for the pleasure of the Jewish people. [source]
The passover feast of eight days. “The stricter Jews regarded it as a profanation to put a person to death during a religious festival” (Hackett). So Agrippa is more scrupulous than the Sanhedrin was about Jesus. To bring him forth (αναγαγειν αυτον anagagein auton). Second aorist active infinitive of αναγω anagō to lead up, old verb, used literally here. Peter was in the inner prison or lower ward and so would be led up to the judgment seat where Herod Agrippa would sit (cf. John 19:13). To the people Ethical dative, in the presence of and for the pleasure of the Jewish people. [source]
Second aorist active infinitive of αναγω anagō to lead up, old verb, used literally here. Peter was in the inner prison or lower ward and so would be led up to the judgment seat where Herod Agrippa would sit (cf. John 19:13). [source]
A legal formality to give weight to the decision. Ingressive aorist active participle. For this use of βημα bēma for judgment seat, see Matthew 27:19, John 19:13, Acts 12:21, Acts 18:12, Acts 25:10. Same phrase repeated in Acts 25:17. To be brought (αχτηναι achthēnai). First aorist passive infinitive of αγω agō after εκελευσεν ekeleusen (commanded). Same words repeated in Acts 25:17 by Festus. [source]
Used only by John. Compare John 5:2; John 19:13, John 19:17, John 19:20; Revelation 16:16. [source]
Adverb as in Revelation 16:16; John 5:2; John 19:13, John 19:17, John 19:20; John 20:16. Αβαδδων Abaddōn A word almost confined to the Wisdom books (Job 26:6; Psalm 88:11; Proverbs 15:11). It is rendered in the lxx by Απωλεια Apōleia destruction. [source]
“Name to him” (nominative absolute and dative, as in Revelation 6:8).In Hebrew (Εβραιστι Ebraisti). Adverb as in Revelation 16:16; John 5:2; John 19:13, John 19:17, John 19:20; John 20:16. Αβαδδων Abaddōn A word almost confined to the Wisdom books (Job 26:6; Psalm 88:11; Proverbs 15:11). It is rendered in the lxx by Απωλεια Apōleia destruction.In the Greek tongue With γλωσσηι glōssēi or διαλεκτωι dialektōi understood. As usual, John gives both the Hebrew and the Greek.Apollyon (Απολλυων Apolluōn). Present active masculine singular participle of απολλυω apolluō meaning “destroying,” used here as a name and so “Destroyer,” with the nominative case retained though in apposition with the accusative ονομα onoma The personification of Abaddon occurs in the Talmud also. It is not clear whether by Apollyon John means Death or Satan. Bousset even finds in the name Apollyon an indirect allusion to Apollo, one of whose symbols was the locust, a doubtful point assuredly. [source]