KJV: And they watched him, and sent forth spies, which should feign themselves just men, that they might take hold of his words, that so they might deliver him unto the power and authority of the governor.
YLT: And, having watched him, they sent forth liers in wait, feigning themselves to be righteous, that they might take hold of his word, to deliver him up to the rule and to the authority of the governor,
Darby: And having watched him, they sent out suborned persons, pretending to be just men, that they might take hold of him in his language, so that they might deliver him up to the power and authority of the governor.
ASV: And they watched him, and sent forth spies, who feigned themselves to be righteous, that they might take hold of his speech, so as to deliver him up to the rule and to the authority of the governor.
| παρατηρήσαντες | having watched [Him] |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: παρατηρέω Sense: to stand beside and watch, to watch assiduously, observe carefully. |
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| ἀπέστειλαν | they sent |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: ἀποστέλλω Sense: to order (one) to go to a place appointed. |
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| ἐνκαθέτους | spies |
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Parse: Adjective, Accusative Masculine Plural Root: ἐγκάθετος Sense: secretly to lie in wait, a spy. |
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| ὑποκρινομένους | feigning |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Middle or Passive, Accusative Masculine Plural Root: ὑποκρίνομαι Sense: to take up another’s statements in reference to what one has decided for one’s self. |
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| ἑαυτοὺς | themselves |
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Parse: Reflexive Pronoun, Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Plural Root: ἑαυτοῦ Sense: himself, herself, itself, themselves. |
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| δικαίους | righteous |
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Parse: Adjective, Accusative Masculine Plural Root: δίκαιος Sense: righteous, observing divine laws. |
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| εἶναι | to be |
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Parse: Verb, Present Infinitive Active Root: εἰμί Sense: to be, to exist, to happen, to be present. |
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| ἵνα | that |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: ἵνα Sense: that, in order that, so that. |
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| ἐπιλάβωνται | they might catch |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Subjunctive Middle, 3rd Person Plural Root: ἐπιλαμβάνομαι Sense: to take in addition, to lay hold of, take possession of, overtake, attain, attain to. |
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| λόγου | in talk |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: λόγος Sense: of speech. |
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| ὥστε | in order |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: ὥστε Sense: so that, insomuch that. |
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| παραδοῦναι | to deliver |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Active Root: παραδίδωμι Sense: to give into the hands (of another). |
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| τῇ | to the |
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Parse: Article, Dative Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| ἀρχῇ | rule |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Singular Root: ἀρχή Sense: beginning, origin. |
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| ἐξουσίᾳ | authority |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Singular Root: ἐξουσία Sense: power of choice, liberty of doing as one pleases. |
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| τοῦ | of the |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| ἡγεμόνος | governor |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ἡγεμών Sense: a leader of any kind, a guide, ruler, prefect, president, chief, general, commander, sovereign. |
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Greek Commentary for Luke 20:20
First aorist active participle of παρατηρεω paratēreō a common Greek verb to watch on the side or insidiously or with evil intent as in Luke 6:7 (παρετηρουντο paretērounto) of the scribes and Pharisees. See note on Mark 3:2. There is no “him” in the Greek. They were watching their chance. [source]
An old verbal adjective from enkathiēmi to send down in or secretly. It means liers in wait who are suborned to spy out, one who is hired to trap one by crafty words. Only here in the N.T.Feigned themselves (ενκατετους hupokrinomenous heautous). Hypocritically professing to be “righteous” (ενκατιημι dikaious). “They posed as scrupulous persons with a difficulty of conscience” (Plummer).That they might take hold of his speech Second aorist middle of δικαιους epilambanō an old verb for seizing hold with the hands and uses as here the genitive case. These spies are for the purpose of Second aorist active infinitive of ινα paradidōmi to hand over, to give from one‘s side to another. The trap is all set now and ready to be sprung by these “spies.”Of the governor (ωστε παραδουναι αυτον tou hēgemonos). The Sanhedrin knew that Pilate would have to condemn Jesus if he were put to death. So then all their plans focus on this point as the goal. Luke alone mentions this item here. [source]
Hypocritically professing to be “righteous” “They posed as scrupulous persons with a difficulty of conscience” (Plummer). [source]
Second aorist middle of δικαιους epilambanō an old verb for seizing hold with the hands and uses as here the genitive case. These spies are for the purpose of Second aorist active infinitive of ινα paradidōmi to hand over, to give from one‘s side to another. The trap is all set now and ready to be sprung by these “spies.”Of the governor (ωστε παραδουναι αυτον tou hēgemonos). The Sanhedrin knew that Pilate would have to condemn Jesus if he were put to death. So then all their plans focus on this point as the goal. Luke alone mentions this item here. [source]
The Sanhedrin knew that Pilate would have to condemn Jesus if he were put to death. So then all their plans focus on this point as the goal. Luke alone mentions this item here. [source]
See on Mark 3:2. [source]
Only here in New Testament. From ἐγκαθίμηι , to send in, as a garrison into a city. Hence of persons sent in for the purpose of espionage. [source]
Lit., feigning. Rev., which feigned. Only here in New Testament. See on hypocr ites, Matthew 23:13. [source]
The former, the Roman power in general; the latter, the specific authority of the official. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Luke 20:20
Ingressive aorist subjunctive. The verb is late from αγρα agra (a hunt or catching). It appears in the lxx and papyri. Here alone in the N.T. Luke 20:20 has the same idea, “that they may take hold of his speech” See discussion in Matthew. We have seen the scribes and Pharisees trying to do this very thing before (Luke 11:33.). Mark and Matthew note here the combination of Pharisees and Herodians as Mark did in Mark 3:6. Matthew speaks of “disciples” or pupils of the Pharisees while Luke calls them “spies” (ενκατετους enkathetous). [source]
Took hold of him. Luke 20:20; 1 Timothy 6:12. [source]
They did not have strength. An old verb ισχυω ischuō from ισχυς ischus (strength). They failed “to take hold (cf. Luke 20:20) of the saying before the people.” These “crack” students had made an ignominious failure and were not able to make a case for the surrender of Jesus to Pilate. He had slipped through their net with the utmost ease. [source]
Rev., the right. Six words are used for power in the:New Testament: βία , force, often oppressive, exhibiting itself in violence (Acts 5:26; Acts 27:41. Compare the kindred verb βιάζεται , Matthew 11:12; “the kingdom of heaven is taken by violence ): δύναμις , natural ability (see on 2 Peter 2:11): ἐνέργεια , energy, power in exercise; only of superhuman power, good or evil. Used by Paul only, and chiefly in the Epistles of the Imprisonment (Ephesians 1:19; Ephesians 3:7; Colossians 2:12. Compare the kindred verb ἐνεργέω , to put forth power, and see on Mark 6:14; see on James 5:16): ἰσχύς , strength (see on 2 Peter 2:11. Compare the kindred verb ἰσχύω , to be strong, and see on Luke 14:30; see on Luke 16:3): κράτος , might, only of God, relative and manifested power, dominion (Ephesians 1:19; Ephesians 6:10; 1 Timothy 6:16; 1 Peter 4:11. Compare the kindred verb κρατέω , to have power, to be master of, and see on Mark 7:3; see on Acts 3:11): ἐξουσία , liberty of action ( ἔξεστι , it is lawful ), authority, delegated or arbitrary (John 5:27; John 10:18; John 17:2; John 19:10, John 19:11. See on Mark 2:10; see on Luke 20:20). Here, therefore, ἐξουσία is not merely possibility or ability, but legitimate right derived from a competent source - the Word. [source]
oP. Frequent in Luke and Acts. Occasionally in this strong sense, as Luke 20:20; Luke 23:26; Acts 18:17, but not usually. See Mark 8:23; Luke 9:47; Acts 9:27. [source]
Omit and. Principalities which are authorities. Ἁρχή beginning= that which begins: the leader, principality. See on Colossians 1:16; see on Judges 1:6; see on Acts 10:11. Only here in Pastorals. Ἑξουσία rightauthority. See on Mark 2:10; see on John 1:12; see on Colossians 1:16. Only here in Pastorals. For the combination principalities and powers, see on Luke 20:20. [source]
The word originally signifies beginning, and so frequently in New Testament, mostly in the Gospels, Acts, Hebrews, Catholic Epistles, and Apocalypse. From this comes a secondary meaning of sovereignty, dominion, magistracy, as being the beginning or first place of power. So mostly by Paul, as principalities (Romans 8:38); rule (1 Corinthians 15:24). Compare Luke 12:11, magistrates; Rev., rulers; and Luke 20:20, power. Rev., rule. A peculiar use of the word occurs at Acts 10:11, “the sheet knit at the four corners ( ἀρχαῖς );” the corners being the beginnings of the sheet. In this passage the A. V. has adopted the first meaning, beginning, in its rendering first estate. Rev. adopts the second, rendering principality. The Jews regarded the angels as having dominion over earthly creatures; and the angels are often spoken of in the New Testament as ἀρχαί , principalities; as Romans 8:38; Ephesians 1:21; so that this term would be appropriate to designate their dignity, which they forsook. [source]