The Meaning of Luke 7:42 Explained

Luke 7:42

KJV: And when they had nothing to pay, he frankly forgave them both. Tell me therefore, which of them will love him most?

YLT: and they not having wherewith to give back, he forgave both; which then of them, say thou, will love him more?'

Darby: but as they had nothing to pay, he forgave both of them their debt: say, which of them therefore will love him most?

ASV: When they had not wherewith to pay, he forgave them both. Which of them therefore will love him most?

KJV Reverse Interlinear

And  when they  had  nothing  to pay,  he frankly forgave  them both.  Tell me  therefore,  which  of them  will love  him  most? 

What does Luke 7:42 Mean?

Context Summary

Luke 7:36-50 - The Forgiven Sinner's Grateful Love
What a trio! Christ stands here as a manifestation of the divine love, as it comes among sinners. The love of God is not dependent on our merits; frankly, Luke 7:42, is "freely." It is not turned away by our sins: she is a sinner. It ever manifests itself as the clearing of debts. But it demands recognition and service: thou gavest me no kiss.
The woman represents those who penitently and lovingly recognize the divine love. She was not forgiven because of her love; but her love was the sign that she had been forgiven and recognized it. What will not God's love do! The tropical sun produces rare fruit. What Jesus did for her He can do for your many sins. Pardon will lead to much love, and love becomes the gate of knowledge and the source of obedience.
Simon, the Pharisee, stands for the unloving and self-righteous, who are ignorant of the love of God. They may be respectable in life, rigid in morality, unquestioned in orthodoxy, but what are these without love? See 1 Corinthians 13:1-13. Note the contrasts between thou and she, thy and her. [source]

Chapter Summary: Luke 7

1  Jesus finds a greater faith in the centurion;
10  heals his servant, being absent;
11  raises from death the widow's son at Nain;
18  answers John's messengers with the declaration of his miracles;
24  testifies to the people what opinion he held of John;
31  compares this generation to the children in the marketplaces,
36  and allowing his feet to be washed and anointed by a woman who was a sinner,
44  he shows how he is a friend to sinners, to forgive them their sins, upon their repentance

Greek Commentary for Luke 7:42

Will love him most [πλειον αγαπησει αυτον]
Strictly, comparative more, πλειον — pleion not superlative πλειστα — pleista but most suits the English idiom best, even between two. Superlative forms are vanishing before the comparative in the Koiné. This is the point of the parable, the attitude of the two debtors toward the lender who forgave both of them (Plummer). [source]

Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Luke 7:42

Matthew 18:25 Had not wherewith to pay [μη εχοντος αυτου αποδουναι]
There is no “wherewith” in the Greek. This idiom is seen in Luke 7:42; Luke 14:14; Hebrews 6:13. Genitive absolute though αυτον — auton in the same clause as often in the N.T. [source]
Luke 12:4 Be not afraid of [μη ποβητητε απο]
First aorist passive subjunctive with μη — mē ingressive aorist, do not become afraid of, with απο — apo and the ablative like the Hebrew μη εχοντων περισσοτερον τι ποιησαι — min and the English “be afraid of,” a translation Hebraism as in Matthew 10:28 (Moulton, Prolegomena, p. 102).Have no more that they can do (εχω — mē echontōn perissoteron ti poiēsai). Luke often uses the infinitive thus with echō a classic idiom (Luke 7:40, Luke 7:42; Luke 12:4, Luke 12:50; Luke 14:14; Acts 4:14, etc.). [source]
Luke 12:4 Have no more that they can do [εχω]
Luke often uses the infinitive thus with echō a classic idiom (Luke 7:40, Luke 7:42; Luke 12:4, Luke 12:50; Luke 14:14; Acts 4:14, etc.). [source]
Acts 4:33 Gave their witness [απεδιδουν το μαρτυριον]
Imperfect active of αποδιδωμι — apodidōmi old verb to give back, to pay back a debt (Luke 7:42), but a late omega form instead of the usual απεδιδοσαν — apedidosan They kept on giving their witness with power after the answer to their prayer (Acts 4:31). [source]
Romans 16:23 Chamberlain [οἰκονόμος]
See on Luke 16:1. The word appears in the New Testament in two senses: 1. The slave who was employed to give the other slaves their rations. So Luke 7:42. 2. The land-steward, as Luke 16:1. Probably here the administrator of the city lands. [source]
Colossians 2:13 Having forgiven us [χαρισάμενος ἡμῖν]
Freely ( χάρις gracefree gift ), as Luke 7:42; 2 Corinthians 2:7, 2 Corinthians 2:10; Colossians 3:13. Note the change of pronoun from you to us, believers generally, embracing himself. This change from the second to the first person, or, vice versa, is common in Paul's writings. See Colossians 1:10-13; Colossians 3:3, Colossians 3:4; Ephesians 2:2, Ephesians 2:3, Ephesians 2:13, Ephesians 2:14; Ephesians 4:31, Ephesians 4:32. [source]

What do the individual words in Luke 7:42 mean?

Nothing having they to pay both he forgave Which therefore of them more will love him
μὴ ἐχόντων αὐτῶν ἀποδοῦναι ἀμφοτέροις ἐχαρίσατο τίς οὖν αὐτῶν πλεῖον ἀγαπήσει αὐτόν

μὴ  Nothing 
Parse: Adverb
Root: μή 
Sense: no, not lest.
ἀποδοῦναι  to  pay 
Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Active
Root: ἀποδίδωμι  
Sense: to deliver, to give away for one’s own profit what is one’s own, to sell.
ἀμφοτέροις  both 
Parse: Adjective, Dative Masculine Plural
Root: ἀμφότεροι  
Sense: both of two, both the one and the other.
ἐχαρίσατο  he  forgave 
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Middle, 3rd Person Singular
Root: χαρίζομαι  
Sense: to do something pleasant or agreeable (to one), to do a favour to, gratify.
αὐτῶν  of  them 
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural
Root: αὐτός  
Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself.
πλεῖον  more 
Parse: Adjective, Accusative Neuter Singular, Comparative
Root: πολύς  
Sense: greater in quantity.
ἀγαπήσει  will  love 
Parse: Verb, Future Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular
Root: ἀγαπάω  
Sense: of persons.