KJV: But when it is sown, it groweth up, and becometh greater than all herbs, and shooteth out great branches; so that the fowls of the air may lodge under the shadow of it.
YLT: and whenever it may be sown, it cometh up, and doth become greater than any of the herbs, and doth make great branches, so that under its shade the fowls of the heaven are able to rest.'
Darby: and when it has been sown, mounts up and becomes greater than all herbs, and produces great branches, so that the birds of heaven can roost under its shadow.
ASV: yet when it is sown, groweth up, and becometh greater than all the herbs, and putteth out great branches; so that the birds of the heaven can lodge under the shadow thereof.
σπαρῇ | it has been sown |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Subjunctive Passive, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἐπισπείρω Sense: to sow, scatter, seed. |
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ἀναβαίνει | it grows up |
Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἀναβαίνω Sense: ascend. |
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γίνεται | becomes |
Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Middle or Passive, 3rd Person Singular Root: γίνομαι Sense: to become, i. |
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μεῖζον | greater |
Parse: Adjective, Nominative Neuter Singular, Comparative Root: μέγας Sense: great. |
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πάντων | than all |
Parse: Adjective, Genitive Neuter Plural Root: πᾶς Sense: individually. |
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λαχάνων | garden plants |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Neuter Plural Root: λάχανον Sense: any pot herb, vegetables. |
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ποιεῖ | it produces |
Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: ποιέω Sense: to make. |
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κλάδους | branches |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Plural Root: κλάδος Sense: a young tender shoot, broken off for grafting. |
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μεγάλους | great |
Parse: Adjective, Accusative Masculine Plural Root: μέγας Sense: great. |
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ὥστε | so that |
Parse: Conjunction Root: ὥστε Sense: so that, insomuch that. |
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δύνασθαι | are able |
Parse: Verb, Present Infinitive Middle or Passive Root: δύναμαι Sense: to be able, have power whether by virtue of one’s own ability and resources, or of a state of mind, or through favourable circumstances, or by permission of law or custom. |
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ὑπὸ | under |
Parse: Preposition Root: ὑπό Sense: by, under. |
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σκιὰν | shadow |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: σκιά Sense: shadow. |
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αὐτοῦ | of it |
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive Neuter 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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πετεινὰ | birds |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Neuter Plural Root: πετεινόν Sense: flying, winged. |
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τοῦ | of the |
Parse: Article, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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οὐρανοῦ | air |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: οὐρανός Sense: the vaulted expanse of the sky with all things visible in it. |
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κατασκηνοῦν | to perch |
Parse: Verb, Present Infinitive Active Root: κατασκηνόω Sense: to pitch one’s tent, to fix one’s abode, to dwell. |
Greek Commentary for Mark 4:32
Matthew 13:32 When it is grown (οταν αυχητηι hotan auxēthēi). [source]
A different picture from Matthew‘s in the branches thereof But both use κατασκηνοιν kataskēnoin to tent or camp down, make nests in the branches in the shade or hop on the ground under the shade just like a covey of birds. In Matthew 8:20 the birds have nests The use of the mustard seed for smallness seems to have been proverbial and Jesus employs it elsewhere (Matthew 17:20; Luke 17:6). [source]
But both use κατασκηνοιν kataskēnoin to tent or camp down, make nests in the branches in the shade or hop on the ground under the shade just like a covey of birds. In Matthew 8:20 the birds have nests The use of the mustard seed for smallness seems to have been proverbial and Jesus employs it elsewhere (Matthew 17:20; Luke 17:6). [source]
Mark only. [source]
Rev., rightly, the herbs; those which people are wont to plant in their gardens. The word denotes garden - or pot-herbs, as distinguished from wild herbs. [source]
Lit., maketh, etc. Rev., putteth out. Peculiar to Mark. Matthew has becometh a tree. On branches, see note on Matthew 24:32. One of the Talmudists describes the mustard-plant as a tree, of which the wood was sufficient to cover a potter's shed. Another says that he was wont to climb into it as men climb into a fig-tree. Professor Hackett says that on the plain of Akka, toward Carmel, he found a collection of mustard-plants from six to nine feet high, with branches from each side of a trunk an inch or more in thickness. Dr. Thomson relates that near the bank of the Jordan he found a mustard-tree more than twelve feet high. [source]
See on Matthew 8:20. Lit., pitch their tents. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Mark 4:32
This phrase is repeated in Mark 4:32. Here the emphasis is on ὅταν , when. It is small at the time when it is sown. In Mark 4:32 the emphasis is on σπαρῇ , it is sown. It begins to grow great from the time when it is sown. [source]
Second aorist passive subjunctive of σπειρω speirō Alone in Mark and repeated in Mark 4:32. [source]
General term as in Mark 4:32. Matthew has “cummin.”Pass by (παρερχεστε parerchesthe). Present middle indicative of παρερχομαι parerchomai common verb, to go by or beside. Matthew 23:23 has “ye have left undone” (απηκατε aphēkate). Luke here has “love” (αγαπην agapēn), not in Matthew.Ought As in Matthew. Imperfect of a present obligation, not lived up to just like our “ought” Παρειναι Pareinai as in Matthew, the second aorist active infinitive of απιημι aphiēmi to leave off. Common verb. Luke does not have the remark about straining out the gnat and swallowing the camel (Matthew 23:34). It is plain that the terrible exposure of the scribes and Pharisees in Matthew 23 in the temple was simply the culmination of previous conflicts such as this one. [source]
Old word from κλαω klaō to break, common in lxx for offshoots of the vine, in N.T. only here (John 15:2-6), elsewhere in N.T. κλαδος klados (Mark 4:32, etc.), also from κλαω klaō both words meaning tender and easily broken parts. In me Two kinds of connexion with Christ as the vine (the merely cosmic which bears no fruit, the spiritual and vital which bears fruit). The fruitless (not bearing fruit, μη περον καρπον mē pheron karpon) the vine-dresser “takes away” Present active indicative of old verb καταιρω kathairō (clean) as in John 15:3, only use in N.T., common in the inscriptions for ceremonial cleansing, though καταριζω katharizō is more frequent (Hebrews 10:2). That it may bear more fruit Purpose clause with ινα hina and present active subjunctive of περω pherō “that it may keep on bearing more fruit” (more and more). A good test for modern Christians and church members. [source]
From λαχαίνω todig. Herbs grown on land cultivated by digging: garden-herbs, vegetables. See on Mark 4:32; see on Luke 12:42. [source]
The contrast here between σκια skia (shadow, shade caused by interruption of light as by trees, Mark 4:32) and εικων eikōn (image or picture) is striking. Christ is the εικων eikōn of God (2 Corinthians 4:4; Colossians 1:15). In Colossians 2:17 Paul draws a distinction between σκια skia for the Jewish rites and ceremonies and σωμα sōma for the reality in Christ. Children are fond of shadow pictures. The law gives only a dim outline of the good things to come (Hebrews 9:11). Continually See this phrase also in Hebrews 7:3; Hebrews 9:12, Hebrews 9:14. Nowhere else in N.T. From διηνεγκα diēnegka This reading leaves ο νομος ho nomos a nominativus pendens (an anacoluthon). But many MSS. read δυναται dunatai (it - the law - can). For the idea and use of τελειωσαι teleiōsai see Hebrews 9:9. [source]
Present active indicative of λατρευω latreuō for which verb see note on Matthew 4:10. A copy Dative case after λατρευουσιν latreuousin See note on John 13:15 and note on Hebrews 4:11 for this interesting word. Shadow Dative case. Old word for which see note on Matthew 4:16; note on Mark 4:32; and note on Colossians 2:17. See same idea in Hebrews 9:23. For difference between σκια skia and εικων eikōn see Hebrews 10:1. Here “copy and shadow” form a practical hendiadys for “a shadowy outline” (Moffatt). Is warned of God Perfect passive indicative of χρηματιζω chrēmatizō old verb (from χρημα chrēma business) for which see note on Matthew 2:12, note on Matthew 2:22, and note on Luke 2:26. The word “God” is not used, but it is implied as in Acts 10:22; Hebrews 12:25. So in lxx, Josephus, and the papyri. For saith he Argument from God‘s command (Exodus 25:40). See that thou make Common Greek idiom with present active imperative of οραω horaō and the volitive future of ποιεω poieō without ινα hina (asyndeton, Robertson, Grammar, p. 949). The pattern The very word used in Exodus 25:40 and quoted also by Stephen in Acts 7:44. For τυπος tupos see note on John 20:25; note on Romans 6:17, and etc. The tabernacle was to be patterned after the heavenly model. [source]