KJV: And there arose a great storm of wind, and the waves beat into the ship, so that it was now full.
YLT: And there cometh a great storm of wind, and the waves were beating on the boat, so that it is now being filled,
Darby: And there comes a violent gust of wind, and the waves beat into the ship, so that it already filled.
ASV: And there ariseth a great storm of wind, and the waves beat into the boat, insomuch that the boat was now filling.
| γίνεται | comes |
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Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Middle or Passive, 3rd Person Singular Root: γίνομαι Sense: to become, i. |
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| λαῖλαψ | a storm |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Feminine Singular Root: λαῖλαψ Sense: a whirlwind, a tempestuous wind. |
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| μεγάλη | violent |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Feminine Singular Root: μέγας Sense: great. |
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| ἀνέμου | of wind |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ἄνεμος Sense: wind, a violent agitation and stream of air. |
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| κύματα | waves |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Neuter Plural Root: κῦμα Sense: a wave (swell) esp. of the sea or of a lake. |
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| ἐπέβαλλεν | were breaking |
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Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἐπιβάλλω Sense: to cast upon, to lay upon. |
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| εἰς | over |
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Parse: Preposition Root: εἰς Sense: into, unto, to, towards, for, among. |
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| πλοῖον | boat |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Neuter Singular Root: πλοῖον Sense: a ship. |
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| ὥστε | so that |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: ὥστε Sense: so that, insomuch that. |
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| ἤδη | already |
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Parse: Adverb Root: ἤδη Sense: now, already. |
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| γεμίζεσθαι | is being filled up |
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Parse: Verb, Present Infinitive Middle or Passive Root: γεμίζω Sense: to fill, fill full. |
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Greek Commentary for Mark 4:37
Mark‘s vivid historical present again. Matthew 8:24 has εγενετο egeneto (arose) and Luke 8:23 κατεβη katebē (came down). Luke has also λαιλαπς lailaps but Matthew σεισμος seismos (tempest), a violent upheaval like an earthquake. Λαιλαπς Lailaps is an old word for these cyclonic gusts or storms. Luke‘s “came down” shows that the storm fell suddenly from Mount Hermon down into the Jordan Valley and smote the Sea of Galilee violently at its depth of 682 feet below the Mediterranean Sea. The hot air at this depth draws the storm down with sudden power. These sudden storms continue to this day on the Sea of Galilee. The word occurs in the lxx of the whirlwind out of which God answered Job (Job 38:1) and in Jonah 1:4. [source]
Imperfect tense (were beating) vividly picturing the rolling over the sides of the boat “so that the boat was covered with the waves” (Matthew 8:24). Mark has it: “insomuch that the boat was now filling” Graphic description of the plight of the disciples. [source]
So Luke. Distinctively a furious storm or hurricane. Compare Septuagint, Job 21:18. Matthew uses σεισμὸς a shaking. See on Matthew 8:24. Mr. Macgregor (“Rob Roy on the Jordan”) says that “on the sea of Galilee the wind has a singular force and suddenness; and this is no doubt because that sea is so deep in the world that the sun rarefies the air in it enormously, and the wind, speeding swiftly above a long and level plateau, gathers much force as it sweeps through flat deserts, until suddenly it meets this huge gap in the way, and it tumbles down here irresistible.” [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Mark 4:37
Imperfect, was sleeping. Picturesque scene. The Sea of Galilee is 680 feet below the Mediterranean Sea. These sudden squalls come down from the summit of Hermon with terrific force (σεισμος μεγας seismos megas) like an earthquake. Mark (Mark 4:37) and Luke (Luke 8:23) term it a whirlwind (λαιλαπς lailaps) in furious gusts. [source]
See Mark 4:37. Matthew has σεισμὸς , a shaking. See on Matthew 8:24. [source]
Second aorist active infinitive of επιβαλλω epiballō an old verb and either transitively as here or intransitively as in Mark 4:37. Vivid picture here where Mark 12:12; Matthew 21:46 has “to seize” (κρατησαι kratēsai). [source]
Second aorist active indicative of καταβαινω katabainō common verb. It was literally true. These wind storms Mark‘s (Mark 4:37) vivid use of the dramatic present γινεται ginetai (ariseth) is not so precise as Luke‘s “came down.” See note on Matthew 8:24. These sudden squalls were dangerous on this small lake.They were filling (συνεπληρουντο suneplērounto). Imperfect passive. It was the boat that was being filled (Mark 4:37) and it is here applied to the navigators as sailors sometimes spoke. An old verb, but in the N.T. used only by Luke (Luke 8:23; Luke 9:51; Acts 2:1).Were in jeopardy Imperfect active, vivid description. Old verb, but in the N.T. only here, Acts 19:27; 1 Corinthians 15:30. [source]
Imperfect passive. It was the boat that was being filled (Mark 4:37) and it is here applied to the navigators as sailors sometimes spoke. An old verb, but in the N.T. used only by Luke (Luke 8:23; Luke 9:51; Acts 2:1). [source]
So in Mark 4:38; Matthew 8:25. Linear present middle indicative, we are perishing.The raging of the water (απολλυμετα tōi kludoni tou hudatos). τωι κλυδονι του υδατος Kludōn common Greek word, is a boisterous surge, a violent agitation. Here only in the N.T. save James 1:6. Κλυδων Kuma (Mark 4:37) is the regular swell or wave. A calm (Κυμα galēnē). Only in the parallels in the N.T., though common word. Here Mark 4:39; Matthew 8:26 add great (γαληνη megalē).That This use of οτι hoti as explanatory of the demonstrative pronoun οτι houtos occurs in the parallels Mark 4:36; Matthew 8:27 and also in Luke 4:36. It is almost result.He commandeth (ουτος epitassei). Peculiar to Luke. [source]
τωι κλυδονι του υδατος Kludōn common Greek word, is a boisterous surge, a violent agitation. Here only in the N.T. save James 1:6. Κλυδων Kuma (Mark 4:37) is the regular swell or wave. A calm Only in the parallels in the N.T., though common word. Here Mark 4:39; Matthew 8:26 add great (γαληνη megalē). [source]
Compare Mark 4:37, and see on Luke 14:23. [source]
Against what? Some say, the island of Crete; in which case they would have been driven against the island, whereas we are told that they were driven away from it. Others, the ship. It is objected that the pronoun αὐτῆς it, is feminine, while the feminine noun for ship ( ναῦς ) is not commonly used by Luke, but rather the neuter, πλοῖον . I do not think this objection entitled to much weight. Luke is the only New Testament writer who uses ναῦς (see Acts 27:41), though he uses it but once; and, as Hackett remarks, “it would be quite accidental which of the terms would shape the pronoun at this moment, as they were both so familiar.” A third explanation refers the pronoun to the island of Crete, and renders, “there beat down from it. ” This is grammatical, and according to a well-known usage of the preposition. The verb βάλλω is also used intransitively in the sense of tofall; thus Homer Iliad,” xi., 722), of a riverfalling into the sea. Compare Mark 4:37: “the the waves beat ( ἐπέβαλλεν ) into the ship;” and Luke 15:12the portion of goods thatfalleth ( ἐπιβάλλον ) to me.” The rendering of the Rev. is, therefore, well supported, and, on the whole, preferable' there beat down from it. It is also according to the analogy of the expression in Luke 8:23, there came down a storm. See note there, and see on Matthew 8:24. [source]
Old word for fog, here alone in N.T.Driven by a storm (υπο λαιλαπος ελαυνομεναι hupo lailapos elaunomenai). Λαιλαπς Lailaps is a squall (Mark 4:37; Luke 8:23, only other N.T. examples). See James 3:4 for another example of ελαυνω elaunō for driving power of wind and waves.For whom Dative case of personal interest.The blackness (ο ζοπος ho zophos). See 2 Peter 2:4 for this word.Hath been reserved Perfect passive participle of τηρεω tēreō for which see 2 Peter 2:4, 2 Peter 2:9. [source]
Λαιλαπς Lailaps is a squall (Mark 4:37; Luke 8:23, only other N.T. examples). See James 3:4 for another example of ελαυνω elaunō for driving power of wind and waves. [source]