KJV: For this cause left I thee in Crete, that thou shouldest set in order the things that are wanting, and ordain elders in every city, as I had appointed thee:
YLT: For this cause left I thee in Crete, that the things lacking thou mayest arrange, and mayest set down in every city elders, as I did appoint to thee;
Darby: For this cause I left thee in Crete, that thou mightest go on to set right what remained unordered, and establish elders in each city, as I had ordered thee:
ASV: For this cause left I thee in Crete, that thou shouldest set in order the things that were wanting, and appoint elders in every city, as I gave thee charge;
Τούτου | Of this |
Parse: Demonstrative Pronoun, Genitive Neuter Singular Root: οὗτος Sense: this. |
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χάριν | on account |
Parse: Preposition Root: χάριν Sense: in favour of, for the pleasure of. |
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ἀπέλιπόν | I left |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 1st Person Singular Root: ἀπολείπω Sense: to leave, to leave behind. |
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Κρήτῃ | Crete |
Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Singular Root: Κρήτη Sense: the largest and most fertile island of the Mediterranean archipelago or Aegean Sea, now the modern Candia. |
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ἵνα | so that |
Parse: Conjunction Root: ἵνα Sense: that, in order that, so that. |
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τὰ | the things |
Parse: Article, Accusative Neuter Plural Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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λείποντα | lacking |
Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Accusative Neuter Plural Root: λείπω Sense: to leave, leave behind, forsake, to be left behind. |
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ἐπιδιορθώσῃ | you might set in order |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Subjunctive Middle, 2nd Person Singular Root: ἐπιδιορθόω Sense: to set in order besides or further. |
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καταστήσῃς | might appoint |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Subjunctive Active, 2nd Person Singular Root: καθιστάνω Sense: to set, place, put. |
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κατὰ | in every |
Parse: Preposition Root: κατά Sense: down from, through out. |
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πόλιν | town |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: πόλις Sense: a city. |
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πρεσβυτέρους | elders |
Parse: Adjective, Accusative Masculine Plural Root: πρεσβύτερος Sense: elder, of age,. |
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διεταξάμην | directed |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Middle, 1st Person Singular Root: διατάσσω Sense: to arrange, appoint, ordain, prescribe, give order. |
Greek Commentary for Titus 1:5
In N.T. only here and Ephesians 3:1, Ephesians 3:14. Paul may be supplementing oral instruction as in Timothy‘s case and may even be replying to a letter from Titus (Zahn). [source]
This is the imperfect active of απολειπω apoleipō though MSS. give the aorist active also Late and rare double compound (inscriptions, here only in N.T.), first aorist middle subjunctive (final clause with ινα hina) of επιδιορτοω epidiorthoō to set straight (ορτοω orthoō) thoroughly (δια dia) in addition (επι epi), a clean job of it. The things that were wanting “The things that remain.” See note on 2 Timothy 3:13; Luke 18:22. Either things left undone or things that survive. In both senses the new pastor faces problems after the tornado has passed. Parry takes it “of present defects” in Cretan character. And appoint (και καταστησηις kai katastēsēis). Final clause still and first aorist active subjunctive of κατιστημι kathistēmi the word used in Acts 6:13 about the deacons. The word does not preclude the choice by the churches (in every city, κατα πολιν kata polin distributive use of κατα kata). This is a chief point in the επιδορτωσις epidorthōsis (White). Elders See note on 1 Timothy 3:2; 1 Timothy 4:14. As I gave thee charge (ως εγω σοι διεταχαμην hōs egō soi dietaxamēn). First aorist (constative) middle imperative of διατασσω diatassō clear reference to previous personal details given to Titus on previous occasions. [source]
Late and rare double compound (inscriptions, here only in N.T.), first aorist middle subjunctive (final clause with ινα hina) of επιδιορτοω epidiorthoō to set straight (ορτοω orthoō) thoroughly (δια dia) in addition (επι epi), a clean job of it. [source]
“The things that remain.” See note on 2 Timothy 3:13; Luke 18:22. Either things left undone or things that survive. In both senses the new pastor faces problems after the tornado has passed. Parry takes it “of present defects” in Cretan character. And appoint (και καταστησηις kai katastēsēis). Final clause still and first aorist active subjunctive of κατιστημι kathistēmi the word used in Acts 6:13 about the deacons. The word does not preclude the choice by the churches (in every city, κατα πολιν kata polin distributive use of κατα kata). This is a chief point in the επιδορτωσις epidorthōsis (White). Elders See note on 1 Timothy 3:2; 1 Timothy 4:14. As I gave thee charge (ως εγω σοι διεταχαμην hōs egō soi dietaxamēn). First aorist (constative) middle imperative of διατασσω diatassō clear reference to previous personal details given to Titus on previous occasions. [source]
Final clause still and first aorist active subjunctive of κατιστημι kathistēmi the word used in Acts 6:13 about the deacons. The word does not preclude the choice by the churches (in every city, κατα πολιν kata polin distributive use of κατα kata). This is a chief point in the επιδορτωσις epidorthōsis (White). [source]
See note on 1 Timothy 3:2; 1 Timothy 4:14. As I gave thee charge (ως εγω σοι διεταχαμην hōs egō soi dietaxamēn). First aorist (constative) middle imperative of διατασσω diatassō clear reference to previous personal details given to Titus on previous occasions. [source]
First aorist (constative) middle imperative of διατασσω diatassō clear reference to previous personal details given to Titus on previous occasions. [source]
Crete is one of the largest islands in the Mediterranean. By the mythological writers it was called Aeria, Doliche, Idaea, Telchinia. According to tradition, Minos first gave laws to the Cretans, conquered the Aegean pirates, and established a navy. After the Trojan war the principal cities of the island formed themselves into several republics, mostly independent. The chief cities were Cnossus, Cydonia, Gortyna, and Lyctus. Crete was annexed to the Romans Empire b.c. 67. About Paul's visiting the island we have no information whatever beyond the hints in this Epistle. There is no absolute proof that Paul was ever there before the voyage to Rome. Although on that voyage some time appears to have been spent at Crete, there is no notice of Paul having received any greeting from the members of the Christian churches there. According to this Epistle, Paul and Titus had worked there together. Paul went away, and left Titus to organize the churches founded by himself. He sent this letter by Zenas and Apollos (Titus 3:13), and announced in it the coming of Artemas or of Tychicus. On their arrival Titus was to join Paul at Nicopolis, where Paul was proposing to winter. [source]
N.T.oLit. to set straight besides or farther; that is, should arrange what remained to be set in order after Paul's departure. Used by medical writers of setting broken limbs or straightening crooked ones. Διόρθωσις reformation Hebrews 9:10: διόρθωμα correction Acts 24:3. [source]
Καθιστάναι appointor constitute. In Paul only Romans 5:19. For the sense here comp. Matthew 24:45, Matthew 24:47; Luke 12:14; Acts 6:3. The meaning of the injunction is, that Titus should appoint, out of the number of elderly men of approved Christian reputation, certain ones to be overseers ( ἐπίσκοποι ) of the churches in the several cities. The eldership was not a distinct church office. See on 1 Timothy 5:1. [source]
Better, I gave thee charge. Mostly in Luke and Acts. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Titus 1:5
The first use of that term for the Christian preachers. In Acts 20:17, Acts 20:28 “elders” and “bishops” are used interchangeably as in Titus 1:5, Titus 1:7. The term probably arose gradually and holds a position in the church similar to the same term in the synagogue. The apostles were apparently absent from Jerusalem at this time and they were no longer concerned with serving tables. In Acts 21:18 Paul presented the later collection also to the elders. Since Peter and James (till his death) were in Jerusalem during the persecution in chapter Acts 12:1 it is probable that the visit of Barnabas and Saul to Jerusalem came really after that persecution for Peter left Jerusalem (Acts 12:17). The elders here mentioned may include the preachers in Judea also outside of Jerusalem (Acts 26:20). [source]
They needed also some form of organization, though already churches. Note distributive use of κατα kata with εκκλησιαν ekklēsian (Acts 2:46; Acts 5:42; Titus 1:5). Χειροτονεω Cheirotoneō (from χειροτονος cheirotonos extending the hand, χειρ cheir hand, and τεινω teinō to stretch) is an old verb that originally meant to vote by show of the hands, finally to appoint with the approval of an assembly that chooses as in 2 Corinthians 8:19, and then to appoint without regard to choice as in Josephus (Ant. XIII. 2, 2) of the appointment of Jonathan as high priest by Alexander. So in Acts 10:41 the compound προχειρατονεω procheiratoneō is used of witnesses appointed by God. But the seven (deacons) were first selected by the Jerusalem church and then appointed Elder Hovey rightly holds against Hackett that teaching was a normal function of these elders, pastors or bishops as they were variously called (1 Timothy 3:2; Titus 1:9; 1 Corinthians 12:28, 1 Corinthians 12:30; Ephesians 4:11). [source]
See on James 3:6. Used elsewhere by Paul only at Titus 1:5, in the sense of to appoint to office or position. This is its most frequent use in the New Testament. See Matthew 24:25; Acts 6:3; Acts 7:10; Hebrews 5:1, etc. The primary meaning being to set down, it is used in classical Greek of bringing to a place, as a ship to the land, or a man to a place or person; hence to bring before a magistrate (Acts 17:15). From this comes the meaning to set down as, i.e., to declare or show to be; or to constitute, make to be. So 2 Peter 1:8; James 4:4; James 3:6. The exact meaning in this passage is disputed. The following are the principal explanations: 1. Set down in a declarative sense; declared to be. 2. Placed in the category of sinners because of a vital connection with the first tranegressor. 3. Became sinners; were made. This last harmonizes with sinned in Romans 5:12. The disobedience of Adam is thus declared to have been the occasion of the death of all, because it is the occasion of their sin; but the precise nature of this relation is not explained. [source]
First aorist passive of προστιτημι prostithēmi old verb to add to. It is only in apparent contradiction to Galatians 3:15., because in Paul‘s mind the law is no part of the covenant, but a thing apart “in no way modifying its provisions” (Burton). Χαριν Charin is the adverbial accusative of χαρις charis which was used as a preposition with the genitive as early as Homer, in favour of, for the sake of. Except in 1 John 3:12 it is post-positive in the N.T. as in ancient Greek. It may be causal (Luke 7:47; 1 John 3:12) or telic (Titus 1:5, Titus 1:11; Judges 1:16). It is probably also telic here, not in order to create transgressions, but rather “to make transgressions palpable” (Ellicott), “thereby pronouncing them to be from that time forward transgressions of the law” (Rendall). Παραβασις Parabasis from παραβαινω parabainō is in this sense a late word (Plutarch on), originally a slight deviation, then a wilful disregarding of known regulations or prohibitions as in Romans 2:23. Till the seed should come (αχρις αν ελτηι το σπερμα achris an elthēi to sperma). Future time with αχρις αν achris an and aorist subjunctive (usual construction). Christ he means by το σπερμα to sperma as in Galatians 3:16. The promise hath been made Probably impersonal perfect passive rather than middle of επαγγελλομαι epaggellomai as in 2 Maccabees 4:27. Ordained through angels (διαταγεις δι αγγελων diatageis di' aggelōn). Second aorist passive participle of διατασσω diatassō (see note on Matthew 11:1). About angels and the giving of the law see Deuteronomy 33:2 (lxx); Acts 7:38, Acts 7:52; Hebrews 2:2; Josephus (Ant. XV. 5. 3). By the hand of a mediator Εν χειρι En cheiri is a manifest Aramaism or Hebraism and only here in the N.T. It is common in the lxx. Μεσιτης Mesitēs from μεσος mesos is middle or midst, is a late word (Polybius, Diodorus, Philo, Josephus) and common in the papyri in legal transactions for arbiter, surety, etc. Here of Moses, but also of Christ (1 Timothy 2:5; Hebrews 8:6; Hebrews 9:15; Hebrews 12:24). [source]
The verb N.T.oolxx. originally to lay on blows; hence to castigate with words. Πρεσβύτερος elderoP., but frequent in Gospels, Acts, and Revelation. Modern critical opinion has largely abandoned the view that the original Christian polity was an imitation of that of the Synagogue. The secular and religious authorities of the Jewish communities, at least in purely Jewish localities, were the same; a fact which is against the probability that the polity was directly transferred to the Christian church. The prerogatives of the Jewish elders have nothing corresponding with them in extent in the Christian community. Functions which emerge later in the Jewish-Christian communities of Palestine do not exist in the first Palestinian-Christian society. At the most, as Weizsäcker observes, it could only be a question of borrowing a current name. Modern criticism compels us, I think, to abandon the view of the identity of Bishop and Presbyter which has obtained such wide acceptance, especially among English scholars, through the discussions of Lightfoot and Hatch. The testimony of Clement of Rome (Ep. ad Corinth.) goes to show that the Bishops ( ἡγούμενοι or προηγούμενοι ) are distinguished from the Presbyters, and that if the Bishops are apparently designated as Presbyters, it is, because they have been chosen from the body of Presbyters, and have retained the name even when they have ceased to hold office. for this reason deceased Bishops are called Presbyters. In Clement, Presbyters signify a class or estate - members of long standing and approved character, and not office-bearers regularly appointed. Among these the Bishops are to be sought. Bishops are reckoned as Presbyters, not because the Presbyter as such is a Bishop, but because the Bishop as such is a Presbyter. In the Pastorals, Bishops and Deacons are associated without mention of Presbyters (1 Timothy 3:1-13). Presbyters are referred to in 1 Timothy 5:17-19, but in an entirely different connection. The qualifications of Bishops and Deacons are detailed in the former passage, and the list of qualifications concludes with the statement that this is the ordering of the church as the house of God (1 Timothy 5:14, 1 Timothy 5:15). The offices are exhausted in the description of Bishops and Deacons. Nothing is said of Presbyters until ch. 5, where Timothy's relations to individual church-members are prescribed; and in Titus 2:2ff. these members are classified as old men ( πρεσβύτας ) old women, young men, and servants. In 1 Timothy 5:17are mentioned elders who rule well ( οἱ καλῶς προεστῶτες πρεσβύτεροι ). Assuming that Presbyters and Bishops were identical, a distinction would thus be implied between two classes of Bishops - those who rule well and those who do not: where as the distinction is obviously between old and honored church-members, collectively considered, forming the presbyterial body, and certain of their number who show their qualifications for appointment as overseers. Presbyters as such are not invested with office. There is no formal act constituting a Presbyter. The Bishops are reckoned among the Elders, but the elders as such are not officers. -DIVIDER- -DIVIDER- Thus are to be explained the allusions to appointed Elders, Titus 1:5; Acts 14:23. Elders are to be appointed as overseers or Bishops, for the overseers must have the qualifications of approved Presbyters. The ordination of Presbyters is the setting apart of Elders to the position of Superintendents. The Presbyterate denotes an honorable and influential estate in the church on the ground of age, duration of church membership, and approved character. Only Bishops are appointed. There is no appointment to the Presbyterate. At the close of Clement's letter to the Corinthians, the qualifications of a Presbyter are indicated in the description of the three commissioners from the Roman church who are the bearers of the letter, and to whom no official title is given. They are old, members of the Roman church from youth, blameless in life, believing, and sober. -DIVIDER- -DIVIDER- [source]
The overseer. Old word, in lxx, and inscriptions and papyri. Deissmann (Bible Studies, pp. 230f.) has shown it is applied to communal officials in Rhodes. See note on Acts 20:28 for its use for the elders (presbyters) in Acts 20:17. So also in Titus 1:5, Titus 1:7. See note on Philemon 1:1. The word does not in the N.T. have the monarchical sense found in Ignatius of a bishop over elders. [source]
See 1 Timothy 5:1 for ordinary sense of πρεσβυτερος presbuteros for “older man.” But here of position in same sense as επισκοπος episkopos (1 Timothy 3:2) as in Titus 1:5 = επισκοπος episkopos in 1 Timothy 5:7. Cf. Luke‘s use of πρεσβυτερος presbuteros (Acts 20:17) = Paul‘s επισκοπους episkopous (Acts 20:28). Προεστωτες Proestōtes is second perfect active participle of προιστημι proistēmi (intransitive use) for which see note on 1 Timothy 3:4. [source]
“God-breathed.” Late word (Plutarch) here only in N.T. Perhaps in contrast to the commandments of men in Titus 1:14. Profitable (ωπελιμος ōphelimos). See note on 1 Timothy 4:8. See Romans 15:4. Four examples of προς pros (facing, with a view to, for): διδασκαλιαν didaskalian teaching; ελεγμον elegmon reproof, in lxx and here only in N.T.; επανορτωσιν epanorthōsin correction, old word, from επανορτοω epanorthoō to set up straight in addition, here only in N.T., with which compare επιδιορτοω epidiorthoō in Titus 1:5; παιδειαν paideian instruction, with which compare Ephesians 6:4. [source]
See note on 1 Timothy 4:8. See Romans 15:4. Four examples of προς pros (facing, with a view to, for): διδασκαλιαν didaskalian teaching; ελεγμον elegmon reproof, in lxx and here only in N.T.; επανορτωσιν epanorthōsin correction, old word, from επανορτοω epanorthoō to set up straight in addition, here only in N.T., with which compare επιδιορτοω epidiorthoō in Titus 1:5; παιδειαν paideian instruction, with which compare Ephesians 6:4. [source]
Same office as “elder” in Titus 1:5. “Elder is the title, oversight is the function” (B. Weiss). [source]
Constituted priest. See on Titus 1:5. [source]
First aorist active imperative of στηριζω stērizō to make stable. Those not actually dead, but in grave peril. See a like command to Titus in Crete (Titus 1:5). Every new pastor faces such a problem.Which were ready to die (α εμελλον αποτανειν ha emellon apothanein). Imperfect active plural because the individuals, though neuter plural, are regarded as living realities. The imperfect looking on the situation “with a delicate optimism” (Swete) as having passed the crisis, a sort of epistolary imperfect.For I have found no works of thine “For I have not found any works of thine.” Perfect active indicative of ευρισκω heuriskō The church as a whole represented by σου sou (thy).Fulfilled (πεπληρωμενα peplērōmena). Perfect passive predicate participle of πληροω plēroō Their works have not measured up to God‘s standard (ενωπιον του τεου μου enōpion tou theou mou). [source]