The Meaning of 1 Samuel 17:10 Explained

1 Samuel 17:10

KJV: And the Philistine said, I defy the armies of Israel this day; give me a man, that we may fight together.

YLT: And the Philistine saith, 'I have reproached the ranks of Israel this day; give to me a man, and we fight together.'

Darby: And the Philistine said, I have defied the ranks of Israel this day; give me a man, that we may fight together.

ASV: And the Philistine said, I defy the armies of Israel this day; give me a man, that we may fight together.

KJV Reverse Interlinear

And the Philistine  said,  I defy  the armies  of Israel  this day;  give  me a man,  that we may fight  together. 

What does 1 Samuel 17:10 Mean?

Context Summary

1 Samuel 17:1-16 - Israel Defied By The Philistine Champion
When their king lost the special consciousness of God's presence and power, the whole kingdom became demoralized, and the Hebrews had the humiliation of hearing in silence a defiant challenge to "the armies of the living God." It looked as if the answer would have to go by default-that Jehovah was a God that could not save. The impotence of the Israelites made Goliath still more defiant. At first he came down from the ranks of his own camp on the southern side of the valley and walked vaingloriously through the level plain between the two hosts; but after forty days had passed, he became bolder and came up the slopes where Israel stood. At his approach they fled in terror. Measuring nine feet, nine inches, covered with mail, and carrying a spear, the head of which weighed eighteen pounds, the giant must have seemed very formidable to the men of Israel. And are there not giants equally determined and terrible that threaten us, in national and individual experience, and find us unable to cope with them? We need David's God and David's faith! [source]

Chapter Summary: 1 Samuel 17

1  The armies of the Israelites and Philistines being ready to battle
4  Goliath challenges a combat
12  David, sent by his father to visit his brothers, takes the challenge
28  Eliab chides him
30  He is brought to Saul
32  shows the reason of his confidence
38  and slays the giant
55  Saul takes notice of David

What do the individual words in 1 Samuel 17:10 mean?

And said the Philistine I defy - the armies of Israel day this give me a man that we may fight together
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אֲנִ֗י חֵרַ֛פְתִּי אֶת־ מַעַרְכ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה תְּנוּ־ לִ֣י אִ֔ישׁ וְנִֽלָּחֲמָ֖ה יָֽחַד

וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙  And  said 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Qal, Consecutive imperfect, third person masculine singular
Root: אָמַר 
Sense: to say, speak, utter.
הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י  the  Philistine 
Parse: Article, Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: פְּלִשְׁתִּי  
Sense: an inhabitant of Philistia; descendants of Mizraim who immigrated from Caphtor (Crete?) to the western seacoast of Canaan.
חֵרַ֛פְתִּי  defy 
Parse: Verb, Piel, Perfect, first person common singular
Root: חָרַף 
Sense: to reproach, taunt, blaspheme, defy, jeopardise, rail, upbraid.
אֶת־  - 
Parse: Direct object marker
Root: אֹות 
Sense: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative.
מַעַרְכ֥וֹת  the  armies 
Parse: Noun, feminine plural construct
Root: מַעֲרָכָה  
Sense: row, rank, battle-line.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל  of  Israel 
Parse: Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: יִשְׂרָאֵל  
Sense: the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel.
הַיּ֣וֹם  day 
Parse: Article, Noun, masculine singular
Root: יׄום 
Sense: day, time, year.
הַזֶּ֑ה  this 
Parse: Article, Pronoun, masculine singular
Root: זֶה  
Sense: this, this one, here, which, this … that, the one … the other, another, such.
תְּנוּ־  give 
Parse: Verb, Qal, Imperative, masculine plural
Root: יָתַן 
Sense: to give, put, set.
לִ֣י  me 
Parse: Preposition, first person common singular
אִ֔ישׁ  a  man 
Parse: Noun, masculine singular
Root: אִישׁ 
Sense: man.
וְנִֽלָּחֲמָ֖ה  that  we  may  fight 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Nifal, Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative, first person common plural
Root: לָחַם 
Sense: to fight, do battle, make war.
יָֽחַד  together 
Parse: Adverb
Root: יַחַד 
Sense: union, unitedness adv.