KJV: Drink no longer water, but use a little wine for thy stomach's sake and thine often infirmities.
YLT: no longer be drinking water, but a little wine be using, because of thy stomach and of thine often infirmities;
Darby: Drink no longer only water, but use a little wine on account of thy stomach and thy frequent illnesses.
ASV: Be no longer a drinker of water, but use a little wine for thy stomach's sake and thine often infirmities.
| Μηκέτι | No longer |
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Parse: Adverb Root: μηκέτι Sense: no longer, no more, not hereafter. |
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| ὑδροπότει | drink [only] water |
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Parse: Verb, Present Imperative Active, 2nd Person Singular Root: ὑδροποτέω Sense: to drink water, be a drinker of water. |
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| οἴνῳ | wine |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Masculine Singular Root: οἶνος Sense: wine. |
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| ὀλίγῳ | a little |
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Parse: Adjective, Dative Masculine Singular Root: ὀλίγος Sense: little, small, few. |
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| χρῶ | use |
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Parse: Verb, Present Imperative Middle or Passive, 2nd Person Singular Root: χράομαι Sense: to receive a loan. |
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| διὰ | because of |
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Parse: Preposition Root: διά Sense: through. |
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| στόμαχον | stomach |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: στόμαχος Sense: the throat. |
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| πυκνάς | frequent |
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Parse: Adjective, Accusative Feminine Plural Root: πυκνός Sense: thick, dense, compact. |
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| σου | of you |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive 2nd Person Singular Root: σύ Sense: you. |
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| ἀσθενείας | ailments |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Plural Root: ἀσθένεια Sense: want of strength, weakness, infirmity. |
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Greek Commentary for 1 Timothy 5:23
Present active imperative (prohibition) of υδροποτεω hudropoteō old verb (from υδροποτης hudropotēs water drinker, υδωρ πινω hudōrαλλα αινωι ολιγωι χρω pinō), here only in N.T. Not complete asceticism, but only the need of some wine urged in Timothy‘s peculiar physical condition (a sort of medical prescription for this case). [source]
Present middle imperative of ολιγωι chraomai with instrumental case. The emphasis is on δια τον στομαχον oligōi (a little). For thy stomach‘s sake (στομα dia ton stomachon). Old word from τας πυκνας σου αστενειας stoma (mouth). In Homer throat, opening of the stomach (Aristotle), stomach in Plutarch. Here only in N.T. Our word “stomach.” Thine often infirmities Αστενειας Puknos is old word, dense, frequent. In N.T. only here, Luke 5:33; Acts 24:26. Astheneias = weaknesses, lack of strength (Romans 8:26). Timothy was clearly a semi-invalid. [source]
Old word from τας πυκνας σου αστενειας stoma (mouth). In Homer throat, opening of the stomach (Aristotle), stomach in Plutarch. Here only in N.T. Our word “stomach.” [source]
Αστενειας Puknos is old word, dense, frequent. In N.T. only here, Luke 5:33; Acts 24:26. Astheneias = weaknesses, lack of strength (Romans 8:26). Timothy was clearly a semi-invalid. [source]
The verb N.T.oolxx. Rend. be no longer a drinker of water. Timothy is not enjoined to abstain from water, but is bidden not to be a water-drinker, entirely abstaining from wine. The kindred noun ὑδροπότης is used by Greek comic writers to denote a mean-spirited person. See Aristoph. Knights, 319. [source]
The reverse antithesis appears in Hdt. i. 171, of the Persians: οὐκ οἴνῳ διαχρέονται ἀλλ ' ὑδροποτέουσι theydo not indulge in wine but are water-drinkers. Comp. Plato, Repub. 561 C, τοτὲ μεν μεθύων - αὖθις δὲ ὑδροποτῶν sometimeshe is drunk - then he is for total-abstinence. With a little wine comp. much wine, 1 Timothy 3:8; Titus 2:3. [source]
Στόμαχος N.T.oolxx. The appearance at this point of this dietetic prescription, if it is nothing more, is sufficiently startling; which has led to some question whether the verse may not have been misplaced. If it belongs here, it can be explained only as a continuation of the thought in 1 Timothy 5:22, to the effect that Timothy is to keep himself pure by not giving aid and comfort to the ascetics, and imperilling his own health by adopting their rules of abstinence. Observe that οἶνος here, as everywhere else, means wine, fermented and capable of intoxicating, and not a sweet syrup made by boiling down grape-juice, and styled by certain modern reformers “unfermented wine.” Such a concoction would have tended rather to aggravate than to relieve Timothy's stomachic or other infirmities. [source]
This use of often as an adjective appears in earlier English. So Chaucer: “Ofte sythes” or “tymes ofte,” many times. Shakespeare: “In which my often rumination wraps me in a most humorous sadness” (As you like it, IV. i. 19). And Ben Jonson:“The jolly wassal walks the often round.”The Forest, iii.Even Tennyson:“Wrench'd or broken limb - an often chanceIn those brain-stunning shocks and tourney-falls.”Gareth and Lynette. Πυκνός oftenvery common in Class. Originally, close, compact, comp. Lat. frequens. In this sense Luke href="/desk/?q=lu+5:33&sr=1">Luke 5:33; Acts 24:26. Ἁσθένεια weaknessinfirmity, only here in Pastorals. In the physical sense, as here, Luke 5:15; Luke 8:2; John 5:5; Galatians 4:13. In the ethic sense, Romans 6:19; Romans 8:26. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for 1 Timothy 5:23
Only here, Acts 24:26; 1 Timothy 5:23. The word literally means close-packed, as a thicket, or the plumage of a bird. [source]
Apparently a native of Lystra (“there,” εκει ekei), his Hebrew mother named Eunice and grandmother Lois (2 Timothy 1:5) and his Greek father‘s name not known. He may have been a proselyte, but not necessarily so as Timothy was taught the Scriptures by his mother and grandmother (2 Timothy 3:15), and, if a proselyte, he would have had Timothy circumcised. It is idle to ask if Paul came on purpose to get Timothy to take Mark‘s place. Probably Timothy was about eighteen years of age, a convert of Paul‘s former visit a few years before (1 Timothy 1:2) and still young twelve years later (1 Timothy 4:12). Paul loved him devotedly (1 Timothy 1:3; 1 Timothy 5:23; 2 Timothy 3:15; Philemon 2:19.). It is a glorious discovery to find a real young preacher for Christ‘s work. [source]
Comparative adverb of πυκνος puknos old word, in N.T. only here and Luke 5:33 which see and 1 Timothy 5:23. Kin to πυγμη pugmē (Mark 7:3) which see from πυκω pukō thick, dense, compact. Paul kept on not offering a bribe, but Felix continued to have hopes (present tense ελπιζων elpizōn), kept on sending for him (present tense μεταπεμπομενος metapempomenos), and kept on communing (imperfect active ωμιλει hōmilei from ομιλεω homileō old word as in Acts 20:11; Luke 24:14, which see, only N.T. examples of this word). But he was doomed to disappointment. He was never terrified again. [source]
See on 1 Timothy 1:4. Total abstinence is not enjoined, even on a deacon. Comp. 1 Timothy 5:23. [source]