KJV: But it is happened unto them according to the true proverb, The dog is turned to his own vomit again; and the sow that was washed to her wallowing in the mire.
YLT: and happened to them hath that of the true similitude; 'A dog did turn back upon his own vomit,' and, 'A sow having bathed herself -- to rolling in mire.'
Darby: But that word of the true proverb has happened to them: The dog has turned back to his own vomit; and, The washed sow to her rolling in mud.
ASV: It has happened unto them according to the true proverb, The dog turning to his own vomit again, and the sow that had washed to wallowing in the mire.
συμβέβηκεν | Has happened |
Parse: Verb, Perfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: συμβαίνω Sense: to walk with the feet near together. |
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αὐτοῖς | to them |
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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τὸ | the thing |
Parse: Article, Nominative Neuter Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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τῆς | of the |
Parse: Article, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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ἀληθοῦς | TRUE |
Parse: Adjective, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ἀληθής Sense: true. |
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παροιμίας | proverb |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: παροιμία Sense: a saying out of the usual course or deviating from the usual manner of speaking. |
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Κύων | A dog |
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: κύων Sense: a dog. |
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ἐπιστρέψας | having returned |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ἐπιστρέφω Sense: transitively. |
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τὸ | [its] |
Parse: Article, Accusative Neuter Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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ἴδιον | own |
Parse: Adjective, Accusative Neuter Singular Root: ἴδιος Sense: pertaining to one’s self, one’s own, belonging to one’s self. |
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ἐξέραμα | vomit |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Neuter Singular Root: ἐξέραμα Sense: vomit. |
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Ὗς | A sow |
Parse: Noun, Nominative Feminine Singular Root: ὗς Sense: swine. |
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λουσαμένη | having washed |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Middle, Nominative Feminine Singular Root: λούω Sense: to bathe, wash. |
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εἰς | to [her] |
Parse: Preposition Root: εἰς Sense: into, unto, to, towards, for, among. |
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κυλισμὸν | rolling place |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: κύλισμα Sense: thing rolled, rolled (wallowed) mud or mire. |
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βορβόρου | in [the] mire |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: βόρβορος Sense: dung, mire. |
Greek Commentary for 2 Peter 2:22
Perfect active indicative of συμβαινω sumbainō for which see 1 Peter 4:12. [source]
“The word The first proverb here given comes from Proverbs 26:11. Εχεραμα Exerama is a late and rare word (here only in N.T., in Diosc. and Eustath.) from εχεραω exeraō to vomit.The sow that had washed (ς λουσαμενη hūs lousamenē). ς Hūs old word for hog, here only in N.T. Participle first aorist direct middle of λουω louō shows that it is feminine (anarthrous). This second proverb does not occur in the O.T., probably from a Gentile source because about the habit of hogs. Epictetus and other writers moralize on the habit of hogs, having once bathed in a filthy mud-hole, to delight in it.To wallowing “To rolling.” Late and rare word (from κυλιω kuliō Mark 9:20), here only in N.T.In the mire (βορβορου borborou). Objective genitive, old word for dung, mire, here only in N.T. J. Rendel Harris (Story of Ahikar, p. LXVII) tells of a story about a hog that went to the bath with people of quality, but on coming out saw a stinking drain and went and rolled himself in it. [source]
ς Hūs old word for hog, here only in N.T. Participle first aorist direct middle of λουω louō shows that it is feminine (anarthrous). This second proverb does not occur in the O.T., probably from a Gentile source because about the habit of hogs. Epictetus and other writers moralize on the habit of hogs, having once bathed in a filthy mud-hole, to delight in it. [source]
“To rolling.” Late and rare word (from κυλιω kuliō Mark 9:20), here only in N.T.In the mire (βορβορου borborou). Objective genitive, old word for dung, mire, here only in N.T. J. Rendel Harris (Story of Ahikar, p. LXVII) tells of a story about a hog that went to the bath with people of quality, but on coming out saw a stinking drain and went and rolled himself in it. [source]
Objective genitive, old word for dung, mire, here only in N.T. J. Rendel Harris (Story of Ahikar, p. LXVII) tells of a story about a hog that went to the bath with people of quality, but on coming out saw a stinking drain and went and rolled himself in it. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for 2 Peter 2:22
The A.V. obliterates the distinction between λούω , to bathe, to apply water to the whole body, and νίπτω , to wash a part of the body. Thus, when Dorcas died (Acts 9:37) they bathed her body ( λούσαντες ). The proverb in 2 Peter 2:22, is about the sow that has been bathed all over ( λουσαμένη ). On the other hand, he who fasts must wash ( νὶψαι ) his face (Matthew 6:17). Both verbs are always used of living beings in the New Testament. The word for washing things, as nets, garments, etc., is πλύνω . See Luke 5:2. All three verbs occur in Leviticus 15:11(Sept.). [source]
The word occurs but once outside of John's writings (2 Peter 2:22). The usual word for parable is παραβολή , which is once rendered proverb in the A.V. (Luke 4:23, changed to parable by Rev.), and which occurs nowhere in John. For the distinction see on Matthew 13:3. [source]
Old word for proverb from παρα para (beside) and οιμος oimos way, a wayside saying or saying by the way. As a proverb in N.T. in 2 Peter 2:22 (quotation from Proverbs 26:11), as a symbolic or figurative saying in John 16:25, John 16:29, as an allegory in John 10:6. Nowhere else in the N.T. Curiously enough in the N.T. παραβολη parabolē occurs only in the Synoptics outside of Hebrews 9:9; Hebrews 11:19. Both are in the lxx. Παραβολη Parabolē is used as a proverb (Luke 4:23) just as παροιμια paroimia is in 2 Peter 2:22. Here clearly παροιμια paroimia means an allegory which is one form of the parable. So there you are. Jesus spoke this παροιμια paroimia to the Pharisees, “but they understood not what things they were which he spake unto them” Second aorist active indicative of γινωσκω ginōskō and note ην ēn in indirect question as in John 2:25 and both the interrogative τινα tina and the relative α ha “Spake” (imperfect ελαλει elalei) should be “Was speaking or had been speaking.” [source]
Properly, “washed them from ( ἀπό ) their stripes.” The verb λούειν , expresses the bathing of the entire body (Hebrews 10:23; Acts 9:37; 2 Peter 2:22); while νίπτειν commonly means the washing of a part of the body (Matthew 6:17; Mark 7:3; John 13:5). The jailer bathed them; cleansing them from the blood with which they were besprinkled from the stripes. [source]
Of frequent occurrence in Peter, and not necessarily with an emphatic force, since the adjective is sometimes used merely as a possessive pronoun, and mostly so in Peter (1 Peter 3:1, 1 Peter 3:5; 2 Peter 2:16, 2 Peter 2:22, etc.). [source]
“All the things for life and godliness.” The new life in Christ who is the mystery of godliness (1 Timothy 3:16). Ευσεβεια Eusebeia with its cognates Genitive of the articular first aorist active participle of ιδιαι δοχηι και αρετηι kaleō Christ called Peter and all other Christians.By his own glory and virtue So B K L, but Aleph A C P read αρετη idiāi doxēi kai aretēi (either instrumental case “by” or dative “to”). Peter is fond of idios (own, 1 Peter 3:1, 1 Peter 3:5; 2 Peter 2:16, 2 Peter 2:22, etc.). “Glory” here is the manifestation of the Divine Character in Christ. For aretē see note on 1 Peter 2:9, note on Philemon 4:8, and note on 2 Peter 1:5. [source]
So B K L, but Aleph A C P read αρετη idiāi doxēi kai aretēi (either instrumental case “by” or dative “to”). Peter is fond of idios (own, 1 Peter 3:1, 1 Peter 3:5; 2 Peter 2:16, 2 Peter 2:22, etc.). “Glory” here is the manifestation of the Divine Character in Christ. For aretē see note on 1 Peter 2:9, note on Philemon 4:8, and note on 2 Peter 1:5. [source]