The Meaning of Acts 12:21 Explained

Acts 12:21

KJV: And upon a set day Herod, arrayed in royal apparel, sat upon his throne, and made an oration unto them.

YLT: and on a set day, Herod having arrayed himself in kingly apparel, and having sat down upon the tribunal, was making an oration unto them,

Darby: And on a set day, clothed in royal apparel and sitting on the elevated seat of honour, Herod made a public oration to them.

ASV: And upon a set day Herod arrayed himself in royal apparel, and sat on the throne, and made an oration unto them.

KJV Reverse Interlinear

And  upon a set  day  Herod,  arrayed  in royal  apparel,  sat  upon  his throne,  and  made an oration  unto  them. 

What does Acts 12:21 Mean?

Context Summary

Acts 12:13-25 - Beyond Their Faith
Mark's mother was evidently a woman of property, as her house was large enough to receive the many who felt that prayer was the key to open Peter's prison. Rhoda is Rose. Her portrait has charmed every generation. It is so lifelike and natural. How good for every servant-maid to love the devotional meeting, and to be welcomed to it! Christianity had introduced a new spirit into the world. How often our deliverances seem too good to be true! These praying friends of Peter would not believe the maid, though she told them that their prayers were answered. This proves that while their faith was very imperfect, their request was granted. When we believe not, God remains faithful; He cannot deny Himself, 2 Timothy 2:13. The James mentioned in Acts 12:17 was the brother of our Lord, and afterward head of the church in Jerusalem, Acts 15:13. See James 1:1.
What a contrast between Peter's deliverance and Herod's death! Be not afraid of the reproach of men, for "the moth shall eat them up like a garment," Isaiah 51:8. During these happenings Paul and Barnabas were in Jerusalem, and in after years their minds must often have reverted to them. Probably Paul's remembrance of this incident inspired his constant request for prayer in his own behalf, Ephesians 6:18-20.
For Review Questions, see the e-Sword Book Comments. [source]

Chapter Summary: Acts 12

1  King Herod persecutes the Christians, kills James, and imprisons Peter;
6  whom an angel delivers upon the prayers of the church
20  Herod in his pride taking to himself the honor due to God,
23  is stricken by an angel, and dies miserably
24  After his death, the word of God prospers
25  Saul and Barnabas return to Antioch

Greek Commentary for Acts 12:21

Upon a set day [τακτηι ημεραι]
Locative case and the verbal adjective of τασσω — tassō to arrange, appoint, old word, here only in the N.T. Josephus (Ant. XVII. 6,8; XIX. 8,2) gives a full account of the occasion and the death of Herod Agrippa. It was the second day of the festival in honour of the Emperor Claudius, possibly his birthday rather than the Quinquennalia. The two accounts of Luke and Josephus supplement each other with no contradiction. Josephus does not mention the name of Blastus. [source]
Arrayed himself in royal apparel [ενδυσαμενος εστητα βασιλικην]
First aorist middle (indirect) participle of ενδυνω — endunō or ενδυω — enduō common verb to put on. Literally, having put royal apparel on himself (a robe of silver tissue, Josephus says). The rays of the sun shone on this brilliant apparel and the vast crowd in the open amphitheatre became excited as Herod began to speak. Made an oration (εδημηγορει — edēmēgorei). Imperfect active of δημηγορεω — dēmēgoreō old verb from δημηγορος — dēmēgoros (haranguer of the people), and that from δημος — dēmos (people) and αγορευω — agoreuō to harangue or address the people. Only here in the N.T. He kept it up. [source]
Made an oration [εδημηγορει]
Imperfect active of δημηγορεω — dēmēgoreō old verb from δημηγορος — dēmēgoros (haranguer of the people), and that from δημος — dēmos (people) and αγορευω — agoreuō to harangue or address the people. Only here in the N.T. He kept it up. [source]
Set [τακτῇ]
Appointed. Only here in New Testament. What the festival was, is uncertain. According to some, it was in honor of the emperor's safe return from Britain. Others think it was to celebrate the birthday of Claudius; others that it was the festival of the Quinquennalia, observed in honor of Augustus, and dating from the taking of Alexandria, when the month Sextilis received the name of the Emperor- August. [source]
Arrayed [ἐνδυσάμενος]
More literally, having arrayed himself. [source]
Royal apparel []
Josephus says he was clothed in a robe entirely made of silver. [source]
Throne []
See on Acts 7:5. The elevated seat or throne-like box in the theatre, set apart for the king, from which he might look at the games or address the assembly. [source]
Made an oration [ἐδημηγόρει]
Only here in New Testament. The word is used especially of a popular harangue ( δῆμος , the commons)“At Jerusalem Agrippa enacted the Jew, with solemn gait and tragic countenance, amidst general acclamation; but at Caesarea he allowed the more genial part of a Greek to be imposed on him. It was at a festival in this Hellenic capital, after an harangue he had addressed to the populace, that they shouted, “It is the voice of a god and not of a man” (Merivale, “History of the Romans under the Empire”). [source]

Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Acts 12:21

John 4:46 Nobleman [βασιλικὸς]
Properly an adjective, meaning royal, from βασιλεὺς , king. It occurs in John only, here and John 4:49; and in all other passages is used as an adjective (Acts 12:20, Acts 12:21; James 2:8). Literally here, a king's officer. Wyc, little King. [source]
Acts 18:12 Rose up [κατεπεστησαν]
Second aorist active of κατεπιστημι — kaṫepḣistēmi intransitive, to take a stand against, a double compound verb found nowhere else. They took a stand See Acts 12:21. The proconsul was sitting in the basilica in the forum or agora. The Jews had probably heard of his reputation for moderation and sought to make an impression as they had on the praetors of Philippi by their rush (συνεπεστη — sunepestē Acts 16:22). The new proconsul was a good chance also (Acts 25:2). So for the second time Paul faces a Roman proconsul (Sergius Paulus, Acts 13:7) though under very different circumstances. [source]
Acts 18:12 Before the judgment seat [επι το βημα]
See Acts 12:21. The proconsul was sitting in the basilica in the forum or agora. The Jews had probably heard of his reputation for moderation and sought to make an impression as they had on the praetors of Philippi by their rush The new proconsul was a good chance also (Acts 25:2). So for the second time Paul faces a Roman proconsul (Sergius Paulus, Acts 13:7) though under very different circumstances. [source]
Acts 25:6 Sat on the judgment seat [κατισας επι του βηματος]
A legal formality to give weight to the decision. Ingressive aorist active participle. For this use of βημα — bēma for judgment seat, see Matthew 27:19, John 19:13, Acts 12:21, Acts 18:12, Acts 25:10. Same phrase repeated in Acts 25:17. To be brought (αχτηναι — achthēnai). First aorist passive infinitive of αγω — agō after εκελευσεν — ekeleusen (commanded). Same words repeated in Acts 25:17 by Festus. [source]

What do the individual words in Acts 12:21 mean?

On the appointed now day - Herod having put on apparel royal and having sat on the throne was making an address to them
τακτῇ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ Ἡρῴδης ἐνδυσάμενος ἐσθῆτα βασιλικὴν ‹καὶ› καθίσας ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος ἐδημηγόρει πρὸς αὐτούς

τακτῇ  On  the  appointed 
Parse: Adjective, Dative Feminine Singular
Root: τακτός  
Sense: ordered, arranged, fixed, stated.
δὲ  now 
Parse: Conjunction
Root: δέ  
Sense: but, moreover, and, etc.
ἡμέρᾳ  day 
Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Singular
Root: ἡμέρα  
Sense: the day, used of the natural day, or the interval between sunrise and sunset, as distinguished from and contrasted with the night.
  - 
Parse: Article, Nominative Masculine Singular
Root:  
Sense: this, that, these, etc.
Ἡρῴδης  Herod 
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular
Root: Ἡρῴδης  
Sense: the name of a royal family that flourished among the Jews in the times of Christ and the Apostles.
ἐνδυσάμενος  having  put  on 
Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Middle, Nominative Masculine Singular
Root: ἐνδύω  
Sense: to sink into (clothing), put on, clothe one’s self.
ἐσθῆτα  apparel 
Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular
Root: ἐσθής  
Sense: clothing, raiment, apparel.
βασιλικὴν  royal 
Parse: Adjective, Accusative Feminine Singular
Root: βασιλικός 
Sense: of or belong to a king, kingly, royal, regal.
καθίσας  having  sat 
Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Singular
Root: καθίζω  
Sense: to make to sit down.
βήματος  throne 
Parse: Noun, Genitive Neuter Singular
Root: βῆμα  
Sense: a step, pace, the space which a foot covers, a foot-breath.
ἐδημηγόρει  was  making  an  address 
Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular
Root: δημηγορέω  
Sense: to address a public assembly, make a speech to the people.

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