KJV: Then Paul and Barnabas waxed bold, and said, It was necessary that the word of God should first have been spoken to you: but seeing ye put it from you, and judge yourselves unworthy of everlasting life, lo, we turn to the Gentiles.
YLT: And speaking boldly, Paul and Barnabas said, 'To you it was necessary that first the word of God be spoken, and seeing ye do thrust it away, and do not judge yourselves worthy of the life age-during, lo, we do turn to the nations;
Darby: And Paul and Barnabas spoke boldly and said, It was necessary that the word of God should be first spoken to you; but, since ye thrust it from you, and judge yourselves unworthy of eternal life, lo, we turn to the nations;
ASV: And Paul and Barnabas spake out boldly, and said, It was necessary that the word of God should first be spoken to you. Seeing ye thrust it from you, and judge yourselves unworthy of eternal life, lo, we turn to the Gentiles.
Παρρησιασάμενοί | Having spoken boldly |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Middle, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: παρρησιάζομαι Sense: to use freedom in speaking, be free spoken. |
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τε | also |
Parse: Conjunction Root: τέ Sense: not only … but also. |
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ὁ | - |
Parse: Article, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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Παῦλος | Paul |
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: Παῦλος Sense: Paul was the most famous of the apostles and wrote a good part of the NT, the 4 Pauline epistles. |
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Βαρνάβας | Barnabas |
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: Βαρναβᾶς Sense: the surname of Joses or Joseph, a Levite, a native of Cyprus He was a distinguished Christian teacher and companion and colleague of Paul. |
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εἶπαν | said |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: λέγω Sense: to speak, say. |
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Ὑμῖν | To you |
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Dative 2nd Person Plural Root: σύ Sense: you. |
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ἦν | it was |
Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: εἰμί Sense: to be, to exist, to happen, to be present. |
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ἀναγκαῖον | necessary |
Parse: Adjective, Nominative Neuter Singular Root: ἀναγκαῖος Sense: necessary. |
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πρῶτον | first |
Parse: Adverb, Superlative Root: πρῶτον Sense: first in time or place. |
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λαληθῆναι | to be spoken |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Passive Root: ἀπολαλέω Sense: to utter a voice or emit a sound. |
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λόγον | word |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: λόγος Sense: of speech. |
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τοῦ | - |
Parse: Article, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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Θεοῦ | of God |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: θεός Sense: a god or goddess, a general name of deities or divinities. |
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ἐπειδὴ | but since |
Parse: Conjunction Root: ἐπειδή Sense: when now, since now. |
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ἀπωθεῖσθε | you thrust away |
Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Middle or Passive, 2nd Person Plural Root: ἀπωθέω Sense: to thrust away, push away, repel. |
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ἀξίους | worthy |
Parse: Adjective, Accusative Masculine Plural Root: ἄξιος Sense: weighing, having weight, having the weight of another thing of like value, worth as much. |
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κρίνετε | you judge |
Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Active, 2nd Person Plural Root: κρίνω Sense: to separate, put asunder, to pick out, select, choose. |
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ἑαυτοὺς | yourselves |
Parse: Reflexive Pronoun, Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Plural Root: ἑαυτοῦ Sense: himself, herself, itself, themselves. |
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τῆς | - |
Parse: Article, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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αἰωνίου | of eternal |
Parse: Adjective, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: αἰώνιος Sense: without beginning and end, that which always has been and always will be. |
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ζωῆς | life |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ζωή Sense: life. |
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ἰδοὺ | behold |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Imperative Active, 2nd Person Singular Root: ἰδού Sense: behold, see, lo. |
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στρεφόμεθα | we are turning |
Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Middle or Passive, 1st Person Plural Root: στρέφω Sense: to turn, turn around. |
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ἔθνη | Gentiles |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Neuter Plural Root: ἔθνος Sense: a multitude (whether of men or of beasts) associated or living together. |
Greek Commentary for Acts 13:46
First aorist middle participle of παρρησιαζομαι parrēsiazomai to use freedom in speaking, to assume boldness. Both Paul and Barnabas accepted the challenge of the rabbis. They would leave their synagogue, but not without a word of explanation. [source]
They had done their duty and had followed the command of Jesus (Acts 1:8). They use the very language of Peter in Acts 3:26 Ye thrust it from you (απωτειστε αυτον apōtheisthe auton). Present middle (indirect, from yourselves) indicative of απωτεω apōtheō to push from. Vigorous verb seen already in Acts 7:27, Acts 7:39 which see. Judge yourselves unworthy Present active indicative of the common verb κρινω krinō to judge or decide with the reflexive pronoun expressed. Literally, Do not judge yourselves worthy. By their action and their words they had taken a violent and definite stand. Lo, we turn to the Gentiles (ιδου στρεπομετα εις τα ετνη idou strephometha eis ta ethnē). It is a crisis (ιδου idou lo): “Lo, we turn ourselves to the Gentiles.” Probably also aoristic present, we now turn (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 864-70). Στρεπομετα Strephometha is probably the direct middle (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 806-08) though the aorist passive εστραπην estraphēn is so used also (Acts 7:39). It is a dramatic moment as Paul and Barnabas turn from the Jews to the Gentiles, a prophecy of the future history of Christianity. In Romans 9-11 Paul will discuss at length the rejection of Christ by the Jews and the calling of the Gentiles to be the real (the spiritual) Israel. [source]
Present middle (indirect, from yourselves) indicative of απωτεω apōtheō to push from. Vigorous verb seen already in Acts 7:27, Acts 7:39 which see. [source]
Present active indicative of the common verb κρινω krinō to judge or decide with the reflexive pronoun expressed. Literally, Do not judge yourselves worthy. By their action and their words they had taken a violent and definite stand. Lo, we turn to the Gentiles (ιδου στρεπομετα εις τα ετνη idou strephometha eis ta ethnē). It is a crisis (ιδου idou lo): “Lo, we turn ourselves to the Gentiles.” Probably also aoristic present, we now turn (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 864-70). Στρεπομετα Strephometha is probably the direct middle (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 806-08) though the aorist passive εστραπην estraphēn is so used also (Acts 7:39). It is a dramatic moment as Paul and Barnabas turn from the Jews to the Gentiles, a prophecy of the future history of Christianity. In Romans 9-11 Paul will discuss at length the rejection of Christ by the Jews and the calling of the Gentiles to be the real (the spiritual) Israel. [source]
It is a crisis Στρεπομετα Strephometha is probably the direct middle (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 806-08) though the aorist passive εστραπην estraphēn is so used also (Acts 7:39). It is a dramatic moment as Paul and Barnabas turn from the Jews to the Gentiles, a prophecy of the future history of Christianity. In Romans 9-11 Paul will discuss at length the rejection of Christ by the Jews and the calling of the Gentiles to be the real (the spiritual) Israel. [source]
Not strong enough. Better, as Rev., thrust, denoting violent rejection. [source]
Marking a crisis. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Acts 13:46
The imperative in the singular number, though the company of his followers is addressed. This construction, however, is not uncommon. See Matthew 26:65; Acts 13:46. [source]
Only instance in the N.T. of this sense of anagkaios from anagkē necessity, what one cannot do without, necessary (1 Corinthians 12:22), duty (Acts 13:46), or blood relations as here. The ancient Greek writers combined these two words (suggeneis kinsmen, anagkaious necessary friends) as here. It was a homogeneous group of Gentiles close to Cornelius and predisposed to hear Peter favourably. [source]
Imperfect active of καταγγελλω kataggellō inchoative, began to proclaim. This was Paul‘s rule of procedure, “to the Jew first” (Romans 1:16; Acts 13:46; Acts 17:2; Acts 18:4, Acts 18:19; Acts 19:8). [source]
Old word, but in N.T. only here, Acts 19:26; Hebrews 9:22. Was gathered together (συνηχτη sunēchthē). First aorist (effective) passive indicative of συναγω sunagō old and common verb. The “whole city” could hardly all gather in the synagogue. Perhaps Paul spoke in the synagogue and Barnabas to the overflow outside (see Acts 13:46). It was an eager and earnest gathering “to hear (ακουσαι akousai first aorist active infinitive of purpose) the word of God” and a great opportunity for Paul and Barnabas. The Codex Bezae has it “to hear Paul.” It was the new preacher (Paul) that drew the big crowd. It was a crowd such as will later hang on the words of John Wesley and George Whitfield when they preach Jesus Christ. [source]
First aorist (effective) passive indicative of συναγω sunagō old and common verb. The “whole city” could hardly all gather in the synagogue. Perhaps Paul spoke in the synagogue and Barnabas to the overflow outside (see Acts 13:46). It was an eager and earnest gathering “to hear (ακουσαι akousai first aorist active infinitive of purpose) the word of God” and a great opportunity for Paul and Barnabas. The Codex Bezae has it “to hear Paul.” It was the new preacher (Paul) that drew the big crowd. It was a crowd such as will later hang on the words of John Wesley and George Whitfield when they preach Jesus Christ. [source]
First aorist middle indicative (Koiné{[28928]}š for Attic απεωσατο apeōsato) of απωτεω apōtheō to push away from oneself in middle voice as here, common in old Greek. Again in Acts 7:39; Acts 13:46; Romans 11:1; 1 Timothy 1:19. It is always the man who is doing the wrong who is hard to reconcile. [source]
As in Hebrews 5:1. To offer Articular infinitive accusative case with εις eis as is common while ινα προσπερηι hina prospherēi A moral and logical necessity (from αναγκη anagkē necessity) as seen in Acts 13:46; Philemon 1:24. This high priest also “This one also,” no word for high priest, accusative of general reference with the infinitive εχειν echein (have). Somewhat to offer Second aorist active subjunctive of προσπερω prospherō (Hebrews 8:3). Vulgate aliquid quod offerat. The use of the subjunctive in this relative clause is probably volitive as in Acts 21:16; Hebrews 12:28 (possibly here merely futuristic), but note ο προσπερει ho prospherei (present indicative) in Hebrews 9:7. See Robertson, Grammar, p. 955. [source]