KJV: But when Peter was come to Antioch, I withstood him to the face, because he was to be blamed.
YLT: And when Peter came to Antioch, to the face I stood up against him, because he was blameworthy,
Darby: But when Peter came to Antioch, I withstood him to the face, because he was to be condemned:
ASV: But when Cephas came to Antioch, I resisted him to the face, because he stood condemned.
| δὲ | however |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: δέ Sense: but, moreover, and, etc. |
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| ἦλθεν | came |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἔρχομαι Sense: to come. |
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| Κηφᾶς | Peter |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: Κηφᾶς Sense: another name for the apostle Peter. |
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| Ἀντιόχειαν | Antioch |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: Ἀντιόχεια Sense: Capital of Syria, situated on the river Orontes, founded by Seleucus Nicanor in 300 B. |
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| πρόσωπον | face |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Neuter Singular Root: πρόσωπον Sense: the face. |
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| αὐτῷ | his |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Dative Masculine 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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| ἀντέστην | I opposed [him] |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 1st Person Singular Root: ἀνθίστημι Sense: to set one’s self against, to withstand, resist, oppose. |
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| ὅτι | because |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: ὅτι Sense: that, because, since. |
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| κατεγνωσμένος | condemned |
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Parse: Verb, Perfect Participle Middle or Passive, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: καταγινώσκω Sense: to find fault with, blame. |
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| ἦν | he stood |
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Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: εἰμί Sense: to be, to exist, to happen, to be present. |
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Greek Commentary for Galatians 2:11
Second aorist active indicative (intransitive) of αντιστημι anthistēmi “I stood against him face to face.” In Jerusalem Paul faced Peter as his equal in rank and sphere of work. In Antioch he looked him in the eye as his superior in character and courage. [source]
Periphrastic past perfect passive of καταγινοσκω kataginoskō old verb to know against, to find fault with. In N.T. only here and 1 John 3:20. [source]
As Acts 3:13. The meaning is expressed in the familiar phrase faced him down. It is, however, rarely as strong as this in N.T. Rather before the face, or in the face of, meaning simply in the sight or presence of (Luke 2:31), or according to appearance (2 Corinthians 1:7). The explanation that Paul withstood Peter only in appearance or semblance (so Jerome, Chrysostom, Theodoret, and other Fathers) is one of the curiosities of exegesis, and was probably adopted out of misplaced consideration for the prestige of Peter. [source]
A.V. is wrong. Rev. correctly, he stood condemned. Not by the body of Christians at Antioch; rather his act was its own condemnation. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Galatians 2:11
” Literally, “able to withstand or hinder God.” It is a rhetorical question, really two questions. Who was I? Was I able to hinder God? Peter‘s statement of the facts made an unanswerable defence. And yet Peter (Galatians 2:11) will later in Antioch play the coward before emissaries from Jerusalem on this very point of eating with Gentile Christians. [source]
Paul takes the initiative as the leader, all the more so if the rebuke to Peter and Barnabas in Galatians 2:11-21 had already taken place. Paul is anxious, like a true missionary, to go back to the fields where he has planted the gospel. He uses the hortatory subjunctive Note the repeated επι epi There is special point in the use of δη dē (shortened form of ηδη ēdē), now at this juncture of affairs (cf. Acts 13:2). [source]
Our very word paroxysm in English. Old word though only twice in the N.T. (here and Hebrews 10:24), from παροχυνω paroxunō to sharpen This “son of consolation” loses his temper in a dispute over his cousin and Paul uses sharp words towards his benefactor and friend. It is often so that the little irritations of life give occasion to violent explosions. If the incident in Galatians 2:11-21 had already taken place, there was a sore place already that could be easily rubbed. And if Mark also joined with Peter and Barnabas on that occasion, Paul had fresh ground for irritation about him. But there is no way to settle differences about men and we can only agree to disagree as Paul and Barnabas did. [source]
First aorist active participle of πιστευω pisteuō in the dative case. It agrees both with ημιν hēmin (unto us) and with αυτοις autois (unto them), “having believed on the Lord Jesus Christ.” Both classes (Gentiles and Jews) trusted in Christ, and both received the Holy Spirit. Who was I (εγω τις ημην egō tis ēmēn). Note order, “I, who was I.” “That I could withstand God” Literally, “able to withstand or hinder God.” It is a rhetorical question, really two questions. Who was I? Was I able to hinder God? Peter‘s statement of the facts made an unanswerable defence. And yet Peter (Galatians 2:11) will later in Antioch play the coward before emissaries from Jerusalem on this very point of eating with Gentile Christians. [source]
A time of general revival and naturally so after the victory at Jerusalem. It is at this point that it is probable that the sad incident took place told by Paul in Galatians 2:11-21. Peter came up to see how things were going in Antioch after Paul‘s victory in Jerusalem. At first Peter mingled freely with the Greek Christians without the compunctions shown at Caesarea and for which he had to answer in Jerusalem (Acts 11:1-18). Rumours of Peter‘s conduct reached Jerusalem and the Judaizers saw a chance to reopen the controversy on the line of social customs, a matter not passed on at the Jerusalem Conference. These Judaizers threaten Peter with a new trial and he surrenders and is followed by Barnabas and all the Jewish brethren in Antioch to the dismay of Paul who boldly rebuked Peter and Barnabas and won them back to his view. It was a crisis. Some would even date the Epistle to the Galatians at this time also, an unlikely hypothesis. [source]
Literally, having done some time. How long we do not know, probably not long. There are those who place the visit of Peter here to which Paul alludes in Galatians 2:11. and which we have located while Paul was here the last time (Acts 15:35). [source]
Explanatory use of λεγω legō Each has his party leader. Απολλω Apollō is genitive of Απολλως Apollōs (Acts 18:24), probably abbreviation of Απολλωνιυς Apollōnius as seen in Codex Bezae for Acts 18:24. See note on Acts 18:24 for discussion of this “eloquent Alexandrian” (Ellicott), whose philosophical and oratorical preaching was in contrast “with the studied plainness” of Paul (1 Corinthians 2:1; 2 Corinthians 10:10). People naturally have different tastes about styles of preaching and that is well, but Apollos refused to be a party to this strife and soon returned to Ephesus and refused to go back to Corinth (1 Corinthians 16:12). Χηπα Cēphā is the genitive of Χηπας Cēphās the Aramaic name given Simon by Jesus (John 1:42), Πετρος Petros in Greek. Except in Galatians 2:7, Galatians 2:8 Paul calls him Cephas. He had already taken his stand with Paul in the Jerusalem Conference (Acts 15:7-11; Galatians 2:7-10). Paul had to rebuke him at Antioch for his timidity because of the Judaizers (Galatians 2:11-14), but, in spite of Baur‘s theory, there is no evidence of a schism in doctrine between Paul and Peter. If 2 Peter 3:15. be accepted as genuine, as I do, there is proof of cordial relations between them and 1 Corinthians 9:5 points in the same direction. But there is no evidence that Peter himself visited Corinth. Judaizers came and pitted Peter against Paul to the Corinthian Church on the basis of Paul‘s rebuke of Peter in Antioch. These Judaizers made bitter personal attacks on Paul in return for their defeat at the Jerusalem Conference. So a third faction was formed by the use of Peter‘s name as the really orthodox wing of the church, the gospel of the circumcision. [source]
The Greek is stronger: unto whom, over against your very eyes. The phrase κατ ' ὀφθαλμοὺς N.T.obut quite frequent in lxx. Comp. κατὰ πρόσωπον tothe face, Galatians 2:11. [source]
Comp. 2 Timothy 3:8, and Galatians 2:11. This may refer to the occurrences at Ephesus (Acts 19:33), or to Alexander's attitude during Paul's trial. The former is more probable. Λίαν greatlynot in Paul, except in the compound ὑπερλίαν , 2 Corinthians 11:5; 2 Corinthians 12:11. Only here in Pastorals. Mostly in Synoptic Gospels. [source]
See Acts 13:50; Acts 14:2ff.; Acts 14:19. These cities may have been selected as illustrations because Timothy was at home in that region. See Acts 16:1, Acts 16:2. Antioch is mentioned by Paul, Galatians 2:11. Iconium and Lystra nowhere in his letters. [source]
Qualitative relative See also Galatians 2:11. [source]
Second aorist active indicative of αντιστημι anthistēmi “stood against my words.” See note on 2 Timothy 3:8; Galatians 2:11. [source]
Paul applies the verbal αγαπητος agapētos (beloved) to Epaphras (Colossians 1:7), Onesimus (Colossians 4:9; Philemon 1:16), to Tychicus (Colossians 4:7; Ephesians 6:21), and to four brethren in Rom 16 (Epainetus Romans 16:5, Ampliatus Romans 16:8, Stachys Romans 16:9, Persis Romans 16:12). It is not surprising for Peter to use it of Paul in view of Galatians 2:9., in spite of Galatians 2:11-14. [source]
Predicate accusative after ηγειστε hēgeisthe in apposition with μακροτυμιαν makrothumian (long-suffering), an opportunity for repentance (cf. 1 Peter 3:20). The Lord here is Christ.Our beloved brother Paul (ο αγαπητος αδελπος Παυλος ho agapētos adelphos Paulos). Paul applies the verbal αγαπητος agapētos (beloved) to Epaphras (Colossians 1:7), Onesimus (Colossians 4:9; Philemon 1:16), to Tychicus (Colossians 4:7; Ephesians 6:21), and to four brethren in Rom 16 (Epainetus Romans 16:5, Ampliatus Galatians 2:11-144 Stachys Romans 16:9, Persis Romans 16:12). It is not surprising for Peter to use it of Paul in view of Galatians 2:9., in spite of 1713928694_52.Given to him First aorist passive participle of διδωμι didōmi with dative case. Peter claimed wisdom for himself, but recognises that Paul had the gift also. His language here may have caution in it as well as commendation. “St. Peter speaks of him with affection and respect, yet maintains the right to criticise” (Bigg). [source]
The word occurs only three times in the New Testament; here, 1 John 3:21, and Galatians 2:11. It signifies (1.) To note accurately, usually in a bad sense. Hence to detect (Proverbs 28:11); compare Aristophanes: “Having observed ( καταγνοὺς ) the foibles of the old man” (“Knights,” 46). To form an unfavorable prejudice against. So Herodotus. Datis says to the Delians, “Why are ye fled, O holy men, having judged me ( καταγνόντες κατ ' ἐμεῦ ) in so unfriendly a way?” (vi., 97). (2.) To note judicially: to accuse: to accuse one's self. So Thucydides: “No one, when venturing on a perilous enterprise, ever yet passed a sentence of failure on himself ” ( καταγνοὺς ἑαυτοῦ μὴ περιέσεσθαι ; iii., 45). To give sentence, or condemn. To condemn to death. “Those who had fled they condemned to death” ( θάνατον καταγνόντες ; Thucydides, vi., 60). To decide a suit against one. So Aristophanes: “You judges have no maintenance if you will not decide against ( καταγνώσεσθε ) this suit” (“Knights,” 1360). In Galatians 2:11, it is said of Peter that, because of his concessions to the Jewish ritualists, κατεγνωσμένος ἦν hestood condemned or self-condemned (not as A.V., he was to be blamed ). His conduct was its own condemnation. This is the sense in this passage, the internal judgment of conscience. [source]
A construction like οτι αν hoti an whatever, in John 2:5; John 14:13. Καταγινωσκω Kataginōskō occurs only three times in the N.T., here, 1 John 3:21; Galatians 2:11. It means to know something against one, to condemn. [source]