But the fruit
Christian character is not mere moral or legal correctness, but the possession and manifestation of nine graces: love, joy, peace--character as an inward state; longsuffering, gentleness, goodness--character in expression toward man; faith, meekness, temperance-- character in expression toward God. Taken together they present a moral portrait of Christ, and may be taken as the apostle's explanation of Galatians 2:20 "Not I, but Christ," and as a definition of "fruit" in John 15:1-8 This character is possible because of the believer's vital union to Christ; John 15:5 ; 1 Corinthians 12:12 ; 1 Corinthians 12:13 and is wholly the fruit of the Spirit in those believers who are yielded to Him. Galatians 5:22 ; Galatians 5:23 .
Context Summary
Galatians 5:13-26 - Produce The Fruit Of The Spirit
That Christ has freed us from the Law as a means of salvation does not free us from moral restraint, but brings us under the constraint of a higher law, the law of love. We do not keep this law to be saved; but, being saved, we keep it out of love toward Christ. The power of the new life is the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. Unite yourself with His life that you find rising up within you. Live in the Spirit. A child was much disappointed because when she took a cupful of water out of the blue lake, it did not look blue in the cup; so her teacher told her to throw the cup into the midst of the lake and leave it there. As we live and walk in the Spirit, we are safe.
The Holy Spirit brings influences to bear which act upon the germs of sin, as a disinfectant upon the germs of disease. If we yield ourselves to these influences, and are filled with the Spirit of Jesus, we shall be delivered from the self-life, which the Apostle describes as the flesh. As Jesus is more and more formed in us, the new flower and fruitage of the risen life will appear, while the corrupt works of the flesh will shrink and drop away, [source]
Chapter Summary: Galatians 5
1He wills them to stand in their liberty, 3and not to observe circumcision; 13but rather love, which is the sum of the law 19He lists the works of the flesh, 22and the fruits of the Spirit, 25and exhorts to walk in the Spirit
Greek Commentary for Galatians 5:22
The fruit of the Spirit [ο καρπος του πνευματος] Paul changes the figure from works (εργα erga) in Galatians 5:19 to fruit as the normal out-cropping of the Holy Spirit in us. It is a beautiful tree of fruit that Paul pictures here with nine luscious fruits on it: [source]
Love [αγαπη] Late, almost Biblical word. First as in 1 Corinthians 13:1-13, which see for discussion as superior to πιλια philia and ερως erōs Joy (χαρα chara). Old word. See note on 1 Thessalonians 1:6. Peace See note on 1 Thessalonians 1:1. Long-suffering (makrothumia). See 2 Corinthians 6:6. Kindness See 2 Corinthians 6:6. Goodness (μακροτυμια agathōsunē). See note on 2 Thessalonians 1:11. Faithfulness Same word as “faith.” See Matthew 23:23; 1 Corinthians 13:7,1 Corinthians 13:13. Meekness (prautēs). See 1 Corinthians 4:21; note on 2 Corinthians 10:1.Temperance See Acts 24:25. Old word from egkratēs one holding control or holding in. In N.T. only in these passages and 2 Peter 1:6. Paul has a better list than the four cardinal virtues of the Stoics (temperance, prudence, fortitude, justice), though they are included with better notes struck. Temperance is alike, but kindness is better than justice, long-suffering than fortitude, love than prudence. [source]
Peace [eirēnē)] See note on 1 Thessalonians 1:1. Long-suffering (makrothumia). See 2 Corinthians 6:6. Kindness See 2 Corinthians 6:6. Goodness (μακροτυμια agathōsunē). See note on 2 Thessalonians 1:11. Faithfulness Same word as “faith.” See Matthew 23:23; 1 Corinthians 13:7,1 Corinthians 13:13. Meekness (prautēs). See 1 Corinthians 4:21; note on 2 Corinthians 10:1.Temperance See Acts 24:25. Old word from egkratēs one holding control or holding in. In N.T. only in these passages and 2 Peter 1:6. Paul has a better list than the four cardinal virtues of the Stoics (temperance, prudence, fortitude, justice), though they are included with better notes struck. Temperance is alike, but kindness is better than justice, long-suffering than fortitude, love than prudence. [source]
Kindness [ειρηνη] See 2 Corinthians 6:6. Goodness (μακροτυμια agathōsunē). See note on 2 Thessalonians 1:11. Faithfulness Same word as “faith.” See Matthew 23:23; 1 Corinthians 13:7,1 Corinthians 13:13. Meekness (prautēs). See 1 Corinthians 4:21; note on 2 Corinthians 10:1.Temperance See Acts 24:25. Old word from egkratēs one holding control or holding in. In N.T. only in these passages and 2 Peter 1:6. Paul has a better list than the four cardinal virtues of the Stoics (temperance, prudence, fortitude, justice), though they are included with better notes struck. Temperance is alike, but kindness is better than justice, long-suffering than fortitude, love than prudence. [source]
Faithfulness [pistis)] Same word as “faith.” See Matthew 23:23; 1 Corinthians 13:7,1 Corinthians 13:13. Meekness (prautēs). See 1 Corinthians 4:21; note on 2 Corinthians 10:1.Temperance See Acts 24:25. Old word from egkratēs one holding control or holding in. In N.T. only in these passages and 2 Peter 1:6. Paul has a better list than the four cardinal virtues of the Stoics (temperance, prudence, fortitude, justice), though they are included with better notes struck. Temperance is alike, but kindness is better than justice, long-suffering than fortitude, love than prudence. [source]
Temperance [χρηστοτης] See Acts 24:25. Old word from egkratēs one holding control or holding in. In N.T. only in these passages and 2 Peter 1:6. Paul has a better list than the four cardinal virtues of the Stoics (temperance, prudence, fortitude, justice), though they are included with better notes struck. Temperance is alike, but kindness is better than justice, long-suffering than fortitude, love than prudence. [source]
Love [ἀγάπη] Comp. love of the Spirit, Romans 15:30. In Class. φιλεῖν is the most general designation of love, denoting an inner inclination to persons or things, and standing opposed to μισεῖν or ἐχθαίρειν tohate. It occasionally acquires from the context a sensual flavor, as Hom. Od. xviii. 325; Hdt. iv. 176, thus running into the sense of ἐρᾶν which denotes sensual love. It is love to persons and things growing out of intercourse and amenities or attractive qualities. Στέργειν (not in N.T., lxx, Sirach 27:17) expresses a deep, quiet, appropriating, natural love, as distinguished from that which is called out by circumstances. Unlike φιλεῖν , it has a distinct moral significance, and is not applied to base inclinations opposed to a genuine manly nature. It is the word for love to parents, wife, children, king or country, as one's own. Aristotle (Nic. ix. 7,3) speaks of poets as loving ( στέργοντες ) their own poems as their children. See also Eurip. Med. 87. Ἁγαπᾶν is to love out of an intelligent estimate of the object of love. It answers to Lat. diligere, or Germ. schatzen to prize. It is not passionate and sensual as ἐρᾶν . It is not, like φιλεῖν , attachment to a person independently of his quality and created by close intercourse. It is less sentiment than consideration. While φιλεῖν contemplates the person, ἀγαπᾶν contemplates the attributes and character, and gives an account of its inclination. Ἁγαπᾶν is really the weaker expression for love, as that term is conventionally used. It is judicial rather than affectionate. Even in classical usage, however, the distinction between ἀγαπᾶν and φιλεῖν is often very subtle, and well-nigh impossible to express. In N.T. ἐπιθυμαῖν todesire or lust is used instead of ἐρᾶν . In lxx ἀγαπᾶν is far more common than φιλεῖν . Φιλεῖν occurs only 16 times in the sense of love, and 16 times in the sense of kiss; while ἀγαπᾶν is found nearly 300 times. It is used with a wide range, of the love of parent for child, of man for God, of God for man, of love to one's neighbor and to the stranger, of husband for wife, of love for God's house, and for mercy and truth; but also of the love of Samson for Delilah, of Hosea for his adulterous wife, of Amnon's love for Tamar, of Solomon's love for strange women, of loving a woman for her beauty. Also of loving vanity, unrighteousness, devouring words, cursing, death, silver. -DIVIDER-
-DIVIDER-
The noun ἀγάπη , oClass., was apparently created by the lxx, although it is found there only 19 times. It first comes into habitual use in Christian writings. In N.T. it is, practically, the only noun for love, although compound nouns expressing peculiar phases of love, as brotherly love, love of money, love of children, etc., are formed with φίλος , as φιλαδελφία, φιλαργυρία, φιλανθρωπία . Both verbs, φιλεῖν and ἀγαπᾶν occur, but ἀγαπᾶν more frequently. The attempt to carry out consistently the classical distinction between these two must be abandoned. Both are used of the love of parents and children, of the love of God for Christ, of Christ for men, of God for men, of men for Christ and of men for men. The love of man for God and of husband for wife, only ἀγαπᾶν . The distinction is rather between ἀγαπᾶν and ἐπιθυμεῖν than between ἀγαπᾶν and φιλεῖν . Love, in this passage, is that fruit of the Spirit which dominates all the others. See Galatians 5:13,Galatians 5:14. Comp. 1 Corinthians 13:1-13; 1 John 2:5,1 John 2:9-11; 1 John 3:11,1 John 3:14-16; 1 John 4:7-11,1 John 4:16-21; 1 John 5:1-3. [source]
Gentleness [χρηστότης] See on good, Romans 3:12; see on easy, Matthew 11:30; see on gracious, 1 Peter 2:3. Better, kindness; a kindness which is useful or serviceable. [source]
Matthew 11:30Easy [χρηστὸς] Not a satisfactory rendering. Christ's yoke is not easy in the ordinary sense of that word. The word means originally, good, serviceable. The kindred noun, χρηστότης , occurring only in Paul's writings, is rendered kindness in 2 Corinthians 6:6; Titus 3:4; Galatians 5:22; Ephesians 2:7 (Rev.), and goodness, Romans 2:4 (Rev.). At Luke 5:39, it is used of old wine, where the true reading, instead of better, is good ( χρηστός )mellowed with age. Plato (“Republic,” 424) applies the word to education. “Good nurture and education ( τροφὴ γὰρ καὶ παίδευσις χρηστὴ ) implant good ( ἀγαθὰς ) constitutions; and these good ( χρησταὶ ) constitutions improve more and more;” thus evidently using χρηστός and ἀγαθός as synonymous. The three meanings combine in the word, though it is impossible to find an English word which combines them all. Christ's yoke is wholesome, serviceable, kindly. “Christ's yoke is like feathers to a bird; not loads, but helps to motion” (Jeremy Taylor). [source]
Romans 3:12Good [χρησττότητα] Only in Paul's writings. The radical idea of the word is profitableness. Compare have become unprofitable. Hence it passes readily into the meaning of wholesomeness. See on Matthew 11:30. It is opposed by Paul to ἀποτομία abruptnessseverity (Romans 11:22). It is rendered kindness in Ephesians 2:7; Colossians 3:12; Galatians 5:22. Paul, and he only, also uses ἀγαθωσύνη for goodness. The distinction as drawn out by Jerome is that ἀγαθωσύνη represents a sterner virtue, showing itself in a zeal for truth which rebukes, corrects, and chastises, as Christ when He purged the temple. Χρηστότης is more gentle, gracious, and kindly Bishop Lightfoot defines it as a kindly disposition to one's neighbor, not necessarily taking a practical form, while ἀγαθωσύνη energizes the χρηστότης . [source]
Romans 15:14Full of goodness [μεστοι αγατοσυνης] See note on 2 Thessalonians 1:11; Galatians 5:22 for this lxx and Pauline word (in ecclesiastical writers also) made from the adjective αγατος agathos good, by adding -συνη sunē (common ending for words like δικαιοσυνη dikaiosunē). See Romans 1:29 for μεστος mestos with genitive and πεπληρωμενοι peplērōmenoi (perfect passive participle of πληροω plēroō as here), but there with instrumental case after it instead of the genitive. Paul gives the Roman Christians (chiefly Gentiles) high praise. The “all knowledge” is not to be pressed too literally, “our Christian knowledge in its entirety” (Sanday and Headlam). To admonish (νουτετειν nouthetein). To put in mind (from νουτετης nouthetēs and this from νους nous and τιτημι tithēmi). See note on 1 Thessalonians 5:12,1 Thessalonians 5:14. “Is it laying too much stress on the language of compliment to suggest that these words give a hint of St. Paul‘s aim in this Epistle?” (Sanday and Headlam). The strategic position of the church in Rome made it a great centre for radiating and echoing the gospel over the world as Thessalonica did for Macedonia (1 Thessalonians 1:8). [source]
Romans 8:23Of the Spirit [του πνευματος] The genitive of apposition. The Holy Spirit came on the great Pentecost and his blessings continue as seen in the “gifts” in 1 Corinthians 12-14, in the moral and spiritual gifts of Galatians 5:22. And greater ones are to come (1 Corinthians 15:44.). Even we ourselves (και αυτοι kai autoi). He repeats for emphasis. We have our “groaning” (στεναζομεν stenazomen) as well as nature. Waiting for The same verb used of nature in Romans 8:19. Our adoption (υιοτεσιαν huiothesian). Our full “adoption” (see Romans 8:15), “the redemption of our body” (την απολυτρωσιν του σωματος ημων tēn apolutrōsin tou sōmatos hēmōn). That is to come also. Then we shall have complete redemption of both soul and body. [source]
Ephesians 5:9The fruit of light [ο καρπος του πωτος] Two metaphors (fruit, light) combined. See note on Galatians 5:22 for “the fruit of the Spirit.” The late MSS. have “spirit” here in place of “light.” [source]
Philippians 2:1Of love [αγαπης] Objective genitive, “in love” (undefined as in 1 Corinthians 13:1-13). Fellowship (κοινωνια Koinéōnia). Partnership in the Holy Spirit “whose first fruit is love” (Galatians 5:22). Any tender mercies Common use of this word for the nobler ςισχερα viscera and so for the higher emotions. But τις tis is masculine singular and σπλαγχνα splagchna is neuter plural. Lightfoot suggests an error of an early transcriber or even of the amanuensis in writing ει τις ei tis instead of ει τινα ei tina f0). [source]
Philippians 2:1Comfort [παρακλησις] Rather, “ground of appeal to you in Christ.” See note on 1 Corinthians 1:10; Ephesians 4:1. Consolation (παραμυτιον paramuthion). Old word from παραμυτεομαι paramutheomai persuasive address, incentive. Of love Objective genitive, “in love” (undefined as in 1 Corinthians 13:1-13). Fellowship (κοινωνια Koinéōnia). Partnership in the Holy Spirit “whose first fruit is love” (Galatians 5:22). Any tender mercies Common use of this word for the nobler ςισχερα viscera and so for the higher emotions. But τις tis is masculine singular and σπλαγχνα splagchna is neuter plural. Lightfoot suggests an error of an early transcriber or even of the amanuensis in writing ει τις ei tis instead of ει τινα ei tina f0). [source]
Colossians 3:12As God‘s elect [ως εκλεκτοι του τεου] Same phrase in Romans 8:33; Titus 1:1. In the Gospels a distinction exists between κλητος klētos and εκλεκτος eklektos (Matthew 24:22,Matthew 24:24,Matthew 24:31), but no distinction appears in Paul‘s writings. Here further described as “holy and beloved” The items in the new clothing for the new man in Christ Paul now gives in contrast with what was put off (Colossians 3:8). The garments include a heart of compassion (σπλαγχνα οικτιρμου splagchna oiktirmou the nobler viscera as the seat of emotion as in Luke 1:78; Philemon 1:8), kindness (χρηστοτητα chrēstotēta as in Galatians 5:22), humility (ταπεινοπροσυνην tapeinophrosunēn in the good sense as in Philemon 2:3), meekness (πραυτητα prautēta in Galatians 5:23 and in Ephesians 4:2 also with ταπεινοπροσυνη tapeinophrosunē), long-suffering (μακροτυμιαν makrothumian in Galatians 5:22; Colossians 1:11; James 5:10). [source]
2 Timothy 1:7Found in all the Pauline Epistles except Philemon. In Pastorals only here, 2 Timothy 1:8 , and 2 Timothy 3:5 . Not used by our writer in the sense of working miracles , which it sometimes has in Paul. Here, the power to overcome all obstacles and to face all dangers. It is closely linked with the sense of παρρησία boldness Of love [ἀγάπης] See on Galatians 5:22. [source]
2 Timothy 1:7Of power [δυνάμεως] Found in all the Pauline Epistles except Philemon. In Pastorals only here, 2 Timothy 1:8, and 2 Timothy 3:5. Not used by our writer in the sense of working miracles, which it sometimes has in Paul. Here, the power to overcome all obstacles and to face all dangers. It is closely linked with the sense of παρρησία boldnessOf love ( ἀγάπης )See on Galatians 5:22. [source]
2 Timothy 1:7Of power [αγαπης] One of Paul‘s characteristic words (Romans 1:16). Of love (σωπρονισμου agapēs). One of the gifts of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22). “Which drives out fear” (Lock) as in 1 John 4:18. Of discipline Late Koiné{[28928]}š word (from σωπροσυνη sōphronizō to control), self-control, here only in N.T. See note on 1 Timothy 2:9 for sōphrosunē sa120 [source]
Titus 2:10Fidelity [πιστιν] See note on Galatians 5:22; 1 Timothy 5:12 for πιστις pistis in the sense of faithfulness. Nowhere else in the N.T. do we have αγατη agathē with πιστις pistis as here, but an Oxyr. papyrus (iii. 494, 9) has this very phrase Westcott and Hort put αγαπην agapēn in the margin. See note on Titus 3:2. That they may adorn (ινα κοσμωσιν hina kosmōsin). Final clause with ινα hina and present active subjunctive. See note on 1 Timothy 2:9 for κοσμεω kosmeō Paul shows slaves how they may “adorn” the teaching of God. [source]
Titus 3:15Them that love us in the faith [τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς ἐν πίστει] Better, in faith. The phrase N.T.o Φιλεῖν tolove, only here in Pastorals, and in Paul, only 1 Corinthians 16:22. See on ἀγάπη love Galatians 5:22. Const. in faith with that love us. [source]
2 Peter 1:5Adding on your part [παρεισπερω] First aorist active participle of εισπερω pareispherō old double compound, to bring in Old word from πασαν σπουδην speudō to hasten (Luke 19:5.). This phrase (ποιουμενος pāsan spoudēn) occurs in Judges 1:3 with ισπερεσται poioumenos and on the inscription in Stratonicea (2 Peter 1:3) with εν τηι πιστει υμων ispheresthai (certainly a curious coincidence, to say the least, though common in the Koiné).In your faith Faith or αγαπη pistis (strong conviction as in Hebrews 11:1,Hebrews 11:3, the root of the Christian life Ephesians 2:8) is the foundation which goes through various steps up to love See similar lists in James 1:3; 1 Thessalonians 1:3; 2 Thessalonians 1:3.; Galatians 5:22.; Romans 5:3.; Romans 8:29. Hermas (Vis. iii. 8. 1-7) has a list called “daughters” of one another. Note the use of επιχορηγησατε en (in, on) with each step.Supply (επιχορηγεω epichorēgēsate). First aorist active imperative of επι epichorēgeō late and rare double compound verb (χορηγεω epi and χορηγος chorēgeō 1 Peter 4:11 from χορος chorēgos chorus-leader, ηγεομαι choros and αρετην hēgeomai to lead), to fit out the chorus with additional (complete) supplies. Both compound and simplex (more common) occur in the papyri. In 2 Peter 1:11 and already in 2 Corinthians 9:10; Galatians 3:5; Colossians 2:19.Virtue Moral power, moral energy, vigor of soul (Bengel). See 2 Peter 1:3.Knowledge (gnōsin). Insight, understanding (1 Corinthians 16:18; John 15:15). [source]
2 Peter 1:5In your faith [πιστις] Faith or αγαπη pistis (strong conviction as in Hebrews 11:1,Hebrews 11:3, the root of the Christian life Ephesians 2:8) is the foundation which goes through various steps up to love See similar lists in James 1:3; 1 Thessalonians 1:3; 2 Thessalonians 1:3.; Galatians 5:22.; Romans 5:3.; Romans 8:29. Hermas (Vis. iii. 8. 1-7) has a list called “daughters” of one another. Note the use of επιχορηγησατε en (in, on) with each step.Supply (επιχορηγεω epichorēgēsate). First aorist active imperative of επι epichorēgeō late and rare double compound verb (χορηγεω epi and χορηγος chorēgeō 1 Peter 4:11 from χορος chorēgos chorus-leader, ηγεομαι choros and αρετην hēgeomai to lead), to fit out the chorus with additional (complete) supplies. Both compound and simplex (more common) occur in the papyri. In 2 Peter 1:11 and already in 2 Corinthians 9:10; Galatians 3:5; Colossians 2:19.Virtue Moral power, moral energy, vigor of soul (Bengel). See 2 Peter 1:3.Knowledge (gnōsin). Insight, understanding (1 Corinthians 16:18; John 15:15). [source]
What do the individual words in Galatians 5:22 mean?
Parse: Noun, Nominative Feminine Singular
Root: πίστις
Sense: conviction of the truth of anything, belief; in the NT of a conviction or belief respecting man’s relationship to God and divine things, generally with the included idea of trust and holy fervour born of faith and joined with it.
What are the major concepts related to Galatians 5:22?
Greek Commentary for Galatians 5:22
Paul changes the figure from works (εργα erga) in Galatians 5:19 to fruit as the normal out-cropping of the Holy Spirit in us. It is a beautiful tree of fruit that Paul pictures here with nine luscious fruits on it: [source]
Late, almost Biblical word. First as in 1 Corinthians 13:1-13, which see for discussion as superior to πιλια philia and ερως erōs Joy (χαρα chara). Old word. See note on 1 Thessalonians 1:6. Peace See note on 1 Thessalonians 1:1. Long-suffering (makrothumia). See 2 Corinthians 6:6. Kindness See 2 Corinthians 6:6. Goodness (μακροτυμια agathōsunē). See note on 2 Thessalonians 1:11. Faithfulness Same word as “faith.” See Matthew 23:23; 1 Corinthians 13:7, 1 Corinthians 13:13. Meekness (prautēs). See 1 Corinthians 4:21; note on 2 Corinthians 10:1.Temperance See Acts 24:25. Old word from egkratēs one holding control or holding in. In N.T. only in these passages and 2 Peter 1:6. Paul has a better list than the four cardinal virtues of the Stoics (temperance, prudence, fortitude, justice), though they are included with better notes struck. Temperance is alike, but kindness is better than justice, long-suffering than fortitude, love than prudence. [source]
Old word. See note on 1 Thessalonians 1:6. [source]
See note on 1 Thessalonians 1:1. Long-suffering (makrothumia). See 2 Corinthians 6:6. Kindness See 2 Corinthians 6:6. Goodness (μακροτυμια agathōsunē). See note on 2 Thessalonians 1:11. Faithfulness Same word as “faith.” See Matthew 23:23; 1 Corinthians 13:7, 1 Corinthians 13:13. Meekness (prautēs). See 1 Corinthians 4:21; note on 2 Corinthians 10:1.Temperance See Acts 24:25. Old word from egkratēs one holding control or holding in. In N.T. only in these passages and 2 Peter 1:6. Paul has a better list than the four cardinal virtues of the Stoics (temperance, prudence, fortitude, justice), though they are included with better notes struck. Temperance is alike, but kindness is better than justice, long-suffering than fortitude, love than prudence. [source]
See 2 Corinthians 6:6. [source]
See 2 Corinthians 6:6. Goodness (μακροτυμια agathōsunē). See note on 2 Thessalonians 1:11. Faithfulness Same word as “faith.” See Matthew 23:23; 1 Corinthians 13:7, 1 Corinthians 13:13. Meekness (prautēs). See 1 Corinthians 4:21; note on 2 Corinthians 10:1.Temperance See Acts 24:25. Old word from egkratēs one holding control or holding in. In N.T. only in these passages and 2 Peter 1:6. Paul has a better list than the four cardinal virtues of the Stoics (temperance, prudence, fortitude, justice), though they are included with better notes struck. Temperance is alike, but kindness is better than justice, long-suffering than fortitude, love than prudence. [source]
See note on 2 Thessalonians 1:11. [source]
Same word as “faith.” See Matthew 23:23; 1 Corinthians 13:7, 1 Corinthians 13:13. Meekness (prautēs). See 1 Corinthians 4:21; note on 2 Corinthians 10:1.Temperance See Acts 24:25. Old word from egkratēs one holding control or holding in. In N.T. only in these passages and 2 Peter 1:6. Paul has a better list than the four cardinal virtues of the Stoics (temperance, prudence, fortitude, justice), though they are included with better notes struck. Temperance is alike, but kindness is better than justice, long-suffering than fortitude, love than prudence. [source]
See 1 Corinthians 4:21; note on 2 Corinthians 10:1. [source]
See Acts 24:25. Old word from egkratēs one holding control or holding in. In N.T. only in these passages and 2 Peter 1:6. Paul has a better list than the four cardinal virtues of the Stoics (temperance, prudence, fortitude, justice), though they are included with better notes struck. Temperance is alike, but kindness is better than justice, long-suffering than fortitude, love than prudence. [source]
The phrase N.T.oFruit, metaphorical, frequent in N.T., as Matthew 3:8; Matthew 7:16; John 4:36; John 15:8; Romans 1:13; Romans 6:21, etc. We find fruit of light (Ephesians 5:9); of righteousness (Philemon 1:11); of labor (Philemon 1:22); of the lips (Hebrews 13:15). Almost always of a good result. [source]
Comp. love of the Spirit, Romans 15:30. In Class. φιλεῖν is the most general designation of love, denoting an inner inclination to persons or things, and standing opposed to μισεῖν or ἐχθαίρειν tohate. It occasionally acquires from the context a sensual flavor, as Hom. Od. xviii. 325; Hdt. iv. 176, thus running into the sense of ἐρᾶν which denotes sensual love. It is love to persons and things growing out of intercourse and amenities or attractive qualities. Στέργειν (not in N.T., lxx, Sirach 27:17) expresses a deep, quiet, appropriating, natural love, as distinguished from that which is called out by circumstances. Unlike φιλεῖν , it has a distinct moral significance, and is not applied to base inclinations opposed to a genuine manly nature. It is the word for love to parents, wife, children, king or country, as one's own. Aristotle (Nic. ix. 7,3) speaks of poets as loving ( στέργοντες ) their own poems as their children. See also Eurip. Med. 87. Ἁγαπᾶν is to love out of an intelligent estimate of the object of love. It answers to Lat. diligere, or Germ. schatzen to prize. It is not passionate and sensual as ἐρᾶν . It is not, like φιλεῖν , attachment to a person independently of his quality and created by close intercourse. It is less sentiment than consideration. While φιλεῖν contemplates the person, ἀγαπᾶν contemplates the attributes and character, and gives an account of its inclination. Ἁγαπᾶν is really the weaker expression for love, as that term is conventionally used. It is judicial rather than affectionate. Even in classical usage, however, the distinction between ἀγαπᾶν and φιλεῖν is often very subtle, and well-nigh impossible to express. In N.T. ἐπιθυμαῖν todesire or lust is used instead of ἐρᾶν . In lxx ἀγαπᾶν is far more common than φιλεῖν . Φιλεῖν occurs only 16 times in the sense of love, and 16 times in the sense of kiss; while ἀγαπᾶν is found nearly 300 times. It is used with a wide range, of the love of parent for child, of man for God, of God for man, of love to one's neighbor and to the stranger, of husband for wife, of love for God's house, and for mercy and truth; but also of the love of Samson for Delilah, of Hosea for his adulterous wife, of Amnon's love for Tamar, of Solomon's love for strange women, of loving a woman for her beauty. Also of loving vanity, unrighteousness, devouring words, cursing, death, silver. -DIVIDER- -DIVIDER- The noun ἀγάπη , oClass., was apparently created by the lxx, although it is found there only 19 times. It first comes into habitual use in Christian writings. In N.T. it is, practically, the only noun for love, although compound nouns expressing peculiar phases of love, as brotherly love, love of money, love of children, etc., are formed with φίλος , as φιλαδελφία, φιλαργυρία, φιλανθρωπία . Both verbs, φιλεῖν and ἀγαπᾶν occur, but ἀγαπᾶν more frequently. The attempt to carry out consistently the classical distinction between these two must be abandoned. Both are used of the love of parents and children, of the love of God for Christ, of Christ for men, of God for men, of men for Christ and of men for men. The love of man for God and of husband for wife, only ἀγαπᾶν . The distinction is rather between ἀγαπᾶν and ἐπιθυμεῖν than between ἀγαπᾶν and φιλεῖν . Love, in this passage, is that fruit of the Spirit which dominates all the others. See Galatians 5:13, Galatians 5:14. Comp. 1 Corinthians 13:1-13; 1 John 2:5, 1 John 2:9-11; 1 John 3:11, 1 John 3:14-16; 1 John 4:7-11, 1 John 4:16-21; 1 John 5:1-3. [source]
Comp. joy of the Holy Ghost, 1 Thessalonians 1:6, and see Romans 5:2; Romans 14:17; Romans 15:13; 2 Corinthians 6:10; Philemon 1:25; Philemon 4:4; 1 Peter 1:8; 1 John 1:4. [source]
See on 1 Thessalonians 1:1. Here of mutual peace rather than peace with God. [source]
See on be patient, James 5:7, and comp. Romans 2:4; 2 Corinthians 6:6; Ephesians 4:2; Colossians 1:11. [source]
See on good, Romans 3:12; see on easy, Matthew 11:30; see on gracious, 1 Peter 2:3. Better, kindness; a kindness which is useful or serviceable. [source]
PoSee on Romans 3:12. [source]
Trustfulness. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Galatians 5:22
Rather faithfulness, as in Romans 3:3, Rev. Galatians 5:22, Rev. [source]
Not a satisfactory rendering. Christ's yoke is not easy in the ordinary sense of that word. The word means originally, good, serviceable. The kindred noun, χρηστότης , occurring only in Paul's writings, is rendered kindness in 2 Corinthians 6:6; Titus 3:4; Galatians 5:22; Ephesians 2:7 (Rev.), and goodness, Romans 2:4 (Rev.). At Luke 5:39, it is used of old wine, where the true reading, instead of better, is good ( χρηστός )mellowed with age. Plato (“Republic,” 424) applies the word to education. “Good nurture and education ( τροφὴ γὰρ καὶ παίδευσις χρηστὴ ) implant good ( ἀγαθὰς ) constitutions; and these good ( χρησταὶ ) constitutions improve more and more;” thus evidently using χρηστός and ἀγαθός as synonymous. The three meanings combine in the word, though it is impossible to find an English word which combines them all. Christ's yoke is wholesome, serviceable, kindly. “Christ's yoke is like feathers to a bird; not loads, but helps to motion” (Jeremy Taylor). [source]
Only in Paul's writings. The radical idea of the word is profitableness. Compare have become unprofitable. Hence it passes readily into the meaning of wholesomeness. See on Matthew 11:30. It is opposed by Paul to ἀποτομία abruptnessseverity (Romans 11:22). It is rendered kindness in Ephesians 2:7; Colossians 3:12; Galatians 5:22. Paul, and he only, also uses ἀγαθωσύνη for goodness. The distinction as drawn out by Jerome is that ἀγαθωσύνη represents a sterner virtue, showing itself in a zeal for truth which rebukes, corrects, and chastises, as Christ when He purged the temple. Χρηστότης is more gentle, gracious, and kindly Bishop Lightfoot defines it as a kindly disposition to one's neighbor, not necessarily taking a practical form, while ἀγαθωσύνη energizes the χρηστότης . [source]
For the phrase, compare Romans 6:22. A metaphorical statement of what is stated literally in Romans 1:11. Not equivalent to bear fruit, but to gather as a harvest. Compare John 4:36; Philemon 1:22; Colossians 1:6. Fruit is a favorite metaphor with Paul. He uses it in both a good and a bad sense. See Romans 7:4, Romans 7:5; Romans 6:22; Galatians 5:22. [source]
See note on 2 Thessalonians 1:11; Galatians 5:22 for this lxx and Pauline word (in ecclesiastical writers also) made from the adjective αγατος agathos good, by adding -συνη sunē (common ending for words like δικαιοσυνη dikaiosunē). See Romans 1:29 for μεστος mestos with genitive and πεπληρωμενοι peplērōmenoi (perfect passive participle of πληροω plēroō as here), but there with instrumental case after it instead of the genitive. Paul gives the Roman Christians (chiefly Gentiles) high praise. The “all knowledge” is not to be pressed too literally, “our Christian knowledge in its entirety” (Sanday and Headlam). To admonish (νουτετειν nouthetein). To put in mind (from νουτετης nouthetēs and this from νους nous and τιτημι tithēmi). See note on 1 Thessalonians 5:12, 1 Thessalonians 5:14. “Is it laying too much stress on the language of compliment to suggest that these words give a hint of St. Paul‘s aim in this Epistle?” (Sanday and Headlam). The strategic position of the church in Rome made it a great centre for radiating and echoing the gospel over the world as Thessalonica did for Macedonia (1 Thessalonians 1:8). [source]
The genitive of apposition. The Holy Spirit came on the great Pentecost and his blessings continue as seen in the “gifts” in 1 Corinthians 12-14, in the moral and spiritual gifts of Galatians 5:22. And greater ones are to come (1 Corinthians 15:44.). Even we ourselves (και αυτοι kai autoi). He repeats for emphasis. We have our “groaning” (στεναζομεν stenazomen) as well as nature. Waiting for The same verb used of nature in Romans 8:19. Our adoption (υιοτεσιαν huiothesian). Our full “adoption” (see Romans 8:15), “the redemption of our body” (την απολυτρωσιν του σωματος ημων tēn apolutrōsin tou sōmatos hēmōn). That is to come also. Then we shall have complete redemption of both soul and body. [source]
Compare fruit, Ephesians 5:9, and Galatians 5:19, Galatians 5:22, works of the flesh, fruit of the Spirit. Works which bring no blessing with them. Compare Romans 6:21; Romans 8:13; Galatians 5:21; Galatians 6:8. [source]
Two metaphors (fruit, light) combined. See note on Galatians 5:22 for “the fruit of the Spirit.” The late MSS. have “spirit” here in place of “light.” [source]
Late and rare word from αγατος agathos See note on 2 Thessalonians 1:11; Galatians 5:22. [source]
Communion with the Holy Spirit, whose first fruit is love. Galatians 5:22. Participation in His gifts and influences. Compare 2 Peter 1:4, and 2 Corinthians 13:13. [source]
Objective genitive, “in love” (undefined as in 1 Corinthians 13:1-13). Fellowship (κοινωνια Koinéōnia). Partnership in the Holy Spirit “whose first fruit is love” (Galatians 5:22). Any tender mercies Common use of this word for the nobler ςισχερα viscera and so for the higher emotions. But τις tis is masculine singular and σπλαγχνα splagchna is neuter plural. Lightfoot suggests an error of an early transcriber or even of the amanuensis in writing ει τις ei tis instead of ει τινα ei tina f0). [source]
Rather, “ground of appeal to you in Christ.” See note on 1 Corinthians 1:10; Ephesians 4:1. Consolation (παραμυτιον paramuthion). Old word from παραμυτεομαι paramutheomai persuasive address, incentive. Of love Objective genitive, “in love” (undefined as in 1 Corinthians 13:1-13). Fellowship (κοινωνια Koinéōnia). Partnership in the Holy Spirit “whose first fruit is love” (Galatians 5:22). Any tender mercies Common use of this word for the nobler ςισχερα viscera and so for the higher emotions. But τις tis is masculine singular and σπλαγχνα splagchna is neuter plural. Lightfoot suggests an error of an early transcriber or even of the amanuensis in writing ει τις ei tis instead of ει τινα ei tina f0). [source]
Partnership in the Holy Spirit “whose first fruit is love” (Galatians 5:22). [source]
Connect with your love. Compare Galatians 5:22. [source]
Same phrase in Romans 8:33; Titus 1:1. In the Gospels a distinction exists between κλητος klētos and εκλεκτος eklektos (Matthew 24:22, Matthew 24:24, Matthew 24:31), but no distinction appears in Paul‘s writings. Here further described as “holy and beloved” The items in the new clothing for the new man in Christ Paul now gives in contrast with what was put off (Colossians 3:8). The garments include a heart of compassion (σπλαγχνα οικτιρμου splagchna oiktirmou the nobler viscera as the seat of emotion as in Luke 1:78; Philemon 1:8), kindness (χρηστοτητα chrēstotēta as in Galatians 5:22), humility (ταπεινοπροσυνην tapeinophrosunēn in the good sense as in Philemon 2:3), meekness (πραυτητα prautēta in Galatians 5:23 and in Ephesians 4:2 also with ταπεινοπροσυνη tapeinophrosunē), long-suffering (μακροτυμιαν makrothumian in Galatians 5:22; Colossians 1:11; James 5:10). [source]
See on Galatians 5:22. The questionings, on the contrary, engendered strifes (2 Timothy 2:23). Love to men is meant, as meant as N.T. When the word is used absolutely. See Romans 13:10. [source]
Only here and Romans 1:31. olxx. See on ἀγάπη love Galatians 5:22, under στέργειν tolove with a natural affection. [source]
For long -suffering, see on James 5:7. For charity rend. love, and see on Galatians 5:22. For patience, see on 2 Peter 1:6; see on James 5:7. [source]
See on Galatians 5:22. [source]
Found in all the Pauline Epistles except Philemon. In Pastorals only here, 2 Timothy 1:8, and 2 Timothy 3:5. Not used by our writer in the sense of working miracles, which it sometimes has in Paul. Here, the power to overcome all obstacles and to face all dangers. It is closely linked with the sense of παρρησία boldnessOf love ( ἀγάπης )See on Galatians 5:22. [source]
One of Paul‘s characteristic words (Romans 1:16). Of love (σωπρονισμου agapēs). One of the gifts of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22). “Which drives out fear” (Lock) as in 1 John 4:18. Of discipline Late Koiné{[28928]}š word (from σωπροσυνη sōphronizō to control), self-control, here only in N.T. See note on 1 Timothy 2:9 for sōphrosunē sa120 [source]
One of the gifts of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22). “Which drives out fear” (Lock) as in 1 John 4:18. [source]
Present active imperative of πευγω pheugō old and common verb. In this sense see note on 1 Corinthians 6:18. Follow after (διωκε diōke). Present active imperative of διωκω diōkō as if in a chase for which sense see note on 1 Thessalonians 5:15. Steady pursuit of these virtues like those in Galatians 5:22. Call on the Lord See note on 1 Corinthians 1:2; Romans 10:12-14. [source]
Present active imperative of διωκω diōkō as if in a chase for which sense see note on 1 Thessalonians 5:15. Steady pursuit of these virtues like those in Galatians 5:22. [source]
See note on Galatians 5:22; 1 Timothy 5:12 for πιστις pistis in the sense of faithfulness. Nowhere else in the N.T. do we have αγατη agathē with πιστις pistis as here, but an Oxyr. papyrus (iii. 494, 9) has this very phrase Westcott and Hort put αγαπην agapēn in the margin. See note on Titus 3:2. That they may adorn (ινα κοσμωσιν hina kosmōsin). Final clause with ινα hina and present active subjunctive. See note on 1 Timothy 2:9 for κοσμεω kosmeō Paul shows slaves how they may “adorn” the teaching of God. [source]
Better, in faith. The phrase N.T.o Φιλεῖν tolove, only here in Pastorals, and in Paul, only 1 Corinthians 16:22. See on ἀγάπη love Galatians 5:22. Const. in faith with that love us. [source]
First aorist active participle of εισπερω pareispherō old double compound, to bring in Old word from πασαν σπουδην speudō to hasten (Luke 19:5.). This phrase (ποιουμενος pāsan spoudēn) occurs in Judges 1:3 with ισπερεσται poioumenos and on the inscription in Stratonicea (2 Peter 1:3) with εν τηι πιστει υμων ispheresthai (certainly a curious coincidence, to say the least, though common in the Koiné).In your faith Faith or αγαπη pistis (strong conviction as in Hebrews 11:1, Hebrews 11:3, the root of the Christian life Ephesians 2:8) is the foundation which goes through various steps up to love See similar lists in James 1:3; 1 Thessalonians 1:3; 2 Thessalonians 1:3.; Galatians 5:22.; Romans 5:3.; Romans 8:29. Hermas (Vis. iii. 8. 1-7) has a list called “daughters” of one another. Note the use of επιχορηγησατε en (in, on) with each step.Supply (επιχορηγεω epichorēgēsate). First aorist active imperative of επι epichorēgeō late and rare double compound verb (χορηγεω epi and χορηγος chorēgeō 1 Peter 4:11 from χορος chorēgos chorus-leader, ηγεομαι choros and αρετην hēgeomai to lead), to fit out the chorus with additional (complete) supplies. Both compound and simplex (more common) occur in the papyri. In 2 Peter 1:11 and already in 2 Corinthians 9:10; Galatians 3:5; Colossians 2:19.Virtue Moral power, moral energy, vigor of soul (Bengel). See 2 Peter 1:3.Knowledge (gnōsin). Insight, understanding (1 Corinthians 16:18; John 15:15). [source]
Faith or αγαπη pistis (strong conviction as in Hebrews 11:1, Hebrews 11:3, the root of the Christian life Ephesians 2:8) is the foundation which goes through various steps up to love See similar lists in James 1:3; 1 Thessalonians 1:3; 2 Thessalonians 1:3.; Galatians 5:22.; Romans 5:3.; Romans 8:29. Hermas (Vis. iii. 8. 1-7) has a list called “daughters” of one another. Note the use of επιχορηγησατε en (in, on) with each step.Supply (επιχορηγεω epichorēgēsate). First aorist active imperative of επι epichorēgeō late and rare double compound verb (χορηγεω epi and χορηγος chorēgeō 1 Peter 4:11 from χορος chorēgos chorus-leader, ηγεομαι choros and αρετην hēgeomai to lead), to fit out the chorus with additional (complete) supplies. Both compound and simplex (more common) occur in the papyri. In 2 Peter 1:11 and already in 2 Corinthians 9:10; Galatians 3:5; Colossians 2:19.Virtue Moral power, moral energy, vigor of soul (Bengel). See 2 Peter 1:3.Knowledge (gnōsin). Insight, understanding (1 Corinthians 16:18; John 15:15). [source]