KJV: They were stoned, they were sawn asunder, were tempted, were slain with the sword: they wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins; being destitute, afflicted, tormented;
YLT: they were stoned, they were sawn asunder, they were tried; in the killing of the sword they died; they went about in sheepskins, in goatskins -- being destitute, afflicted, injuriously treated,
Darby: They were stoned, were sawn asunder, were tempted, died by the death of the sword; they went about in sheepskins, in goatskins, destitute, afflicted, evil treated,
ASV: they were stoned, they were sawn asunder, they were tempted, they were slain with the sword: they went about in sheepskins, in goatskins; being destitute, afflicted, ill-treated
| Ἐλιθάσθησαν | They were stoned |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Passive, 3rd Person Plural Root: λιθάζω Sense: to overwhelm or pelt with stones. |
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| 〈ἐπειράσθησαν〉 | they were tried |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Passive, 3rd Person Plural Root: πειράζω Sense: to try whether a thing can be done. |
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| ἐπρίσθησαν | they were sawed in two |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Passive, 3rd Person Plural Root: πρίζω Sense: to saw, to cut in two with a saw. |
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| φόνῳ | slaughter |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Masculine Singular Root: φόνος Sense: murder, slaughter. |
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| μαχαίρης | of [the] sword |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: μάχαιρα Sense: a large knife, used for killing animals and cutting up flesh. |
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| ἀπέθανον | they were killed |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: ἀποθνῄσκω Sense: to die. |
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| περιῆλθον | they wandered |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: περιέρχομαι Sense: to go about. |
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| μηλωταῖς | sheepskins |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Plural Root: μηλωτή Sense: a sheepskin. |
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| αἰγείοις | goats’ |
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Parse: Adjective, Dative Neuter Plural Root: αἴγειος Sense: of a goat, goatskin. |
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| δέρμασιν | skins |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Neuter Plural Root: δέρμα Sense: a skin, hide, leather. |
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| ὑστερούμενοι | being destitute |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Middle or Passive, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: ὑστερέω Sense: behind. |
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| θλιβόμενοι | being oppressed |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Middle or Passive, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: θλίβω Sense: to press (as grapes), press hard upon. |
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| κακουχούμενοι | being mistreated |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Middle or Passive, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: κακουχέω Sense: to treat ill, oppress, plague. |
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Greek Commentary for Hebrews 11:37
Like Zechariah son of Jehoiada (2 Chronicles 24:20). “A characteristic Jewish punishment” (Vincent). First aorist passive indicative of λιταζω lithazō (John 10:31). They were sawn asunder First aorist passive indicative of πριω priō or πριζω prizō old verb Cruel Jewish punishment (Amos 1:3) said to have been inflicted on Isaiah. They were tempted First aorist passive indicative of πειραζω peirazō The MSS. vary greatly in the text here and the order of these two items. This mild word seems an anticlimax after επριστησαν epristhēsan One of the seven brothers was fried (2Macc 7:4) and so επρηστεσαν eprēsthesan (were burned) from πιμπραω pimpraō (Acts 28:6) has been suggested. With the sword “In (by) slaughter of the sword” (Ionic form of the genitive μαχαιρες machaires as in Exodus 17:13; Numbers 21:24). The fate of unpopular prophets (1 Kings 10:10; Jeremiah 26:23). They went about Constative aorist active indicative of περιερχομαι perierchomai (picturesque compound verb). Here the sufferings of the living. In sheep skins Late word from μηλον mēlon (sheep), rough garment of prophets as Elijah (1 Kings 19:13, 1 Kings 19:19), here only in N.T. In Byzantine Greek a monk‘s garb. In goatskins Δερμα Derma old word from δερω derō to flay (Matthew 21:35), here only in N.T. Αιγειος Aigeios old adjective (from αιχ aix goat), here only in N.T. Being destitute Present passive participle of υστερεω hustereō old verb to be left behind, used by Paul of himself (2 Corinthians 11:9). Afflicted Present passive participle of τλιβω thlibō common verb to oppress. Evil entreated Present passive participle of κακουχεω kakoucheō late compound verb from obsolete κακουχος kakouchos (κακος kakos and εχω echō), in lxx (1Kings 2:26), in N.T. only here and Hebrews 13:3. See συνκακουχεισται sunkakoucheisthai in Hebrews 11:25. [source]
A characteristic Jewish punishment. See 2 Chronicles 24:20; Matthew 23:37; John 10:31; Acts 5:26; Acts 7:59; Acts 14:19. The verb λιθοβολεῖν is also used in Matthew, Luke, and Acts, and once in this epistle, Hebrews 12:20. [source]
N.T.oAs Isaiah, according to tradition. [source]
If the reading is correct, which seems probable, the reference is probably to inducements offered them to abandon their loyalty to God. It has seemed to many out of place, because occurring in the midst of a list of different forms of violent death. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Hebrews 11:37
First aorist active indicative of βασταζω bastazō old verb to pick up, to carry (John 12:6), to bear (Galatians 6:5). The παλιν palin refers to John 8:59 where ηραν ēran was used. They wanted to kill him also when he made himself equal to God in John 5:18. Perhaps here εβαστασαν ebastasan means “they fetched stones from a distance.” To stone him Final clause with ινα hina and the first aorist active subjunctive of λιταζω lithazō late verb (Aristotle, Polybius) from λιτος lithos (stone, small, Matthew 4:6, or large, Matthew 28:2), in John 10:31-33; John 11:8; Acts 5:26; Acts 14:19; 2 Corinthians 11:25; Hebrews 11:37, but not in the Synoptics. It means to pelt with stones, to overwhelm with stones. [source]
Second aorist active of περιερχομαι perierchomai to go around, old verb, already in Acts 19:13. See also Hebrews 11:37; 1 Timothy 5:13. But Westcott and Hort read περιελοντες perielontes after Aleph B (from περιαιρεω periaireō) as in Acts 27:40, though here it could only mean casting loose, for which no other authority exists. At any rate the ship had to tack to reach Rhegium and was not able to make a straight course (εντυδρομεω enthudromeō Acts 16:11). [source]
From ἄστατος unstablestrolling about. Only here in the New Testament. Compare Matthew 8:20; Matthew 10:23; Hebrews 11:37. Wyc., we ben unstable. [source]
See on tribulation, Matthew href="/desk/?q=mt+13:21&sr=1">Matthew 13:21, and comp. 2 Corinthians 1:6; 2 Corinthians 4:8; 2 Thessalonians 1:6, 2 Thessalonians 1:7; Hebrews 11:37. [source]
Rend. are evil entreated. See on Hebrews 11:37. [source]
Your strife against sin has not entailed the shedding of your blood, as did that of many of the O.T. worthies, and of Jesus himself. See Hebrews 11:35, Hebrews 11:37. Of Jesus it is said, Philemon 2:8, “he became obedient to the extent of death ( μέχρι θανάτου ). Comp. 2 Maccabees 13:14. [source]
Found in Matthew, Luke, and Acts. In lxx see Exodus 19:13. Comp. ἐλιθάσθησαν , Hebrews 11:37. The correct text omits or thrust through with a dart. [source]
N.T.oolxx, oClass. The verb κακουχεῖν totreat ill, Hebrews 11:37; Hebrews 13:3; lxx, 1 Kings 2:26; 1 Kings 11:39. Rend. “to be evil entreated.” [source]
“Rather having chosen” (second aorist middle of αιρεω haireō to take for oneself a position). To be entreated with Present passive infinitive of the double compound συνκακουχεω sunkakoucheō (from συν κακοσ εχω sun class="normal greek">κακουχεω kakos class="normal greek">προσκαιρον εχειν αμαρτιας απολαυσιν echō), to treat ill with (associative instrumental case), only known example save one in the papyri (second century a.d.), though Απολαυσις kakoucheō in Hebrews 11:37; Hebrews 13:3. To enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season (απολαυω proskairon echein hamartias apolausin). Literally, “to have temporary pleasure of sin.” Προσκαιρος Apolausis is old word from προσ καιρος apolauō to enjoy, in N.T. only here and 1 Timothy 6:17. αιωνιος Proskairos (from pros class="translit"> kairos) is a common Koiné word as the antithesis to aiōnios (eternal) as in Matthew 13:21; Mark 4:17; 2 Corinthians 4:18 (only N.T. examples). To have been disloyal to God‘s people would have brought enjoyment to Moses in the Egyptian Court for a short while only. [source]
Present passive infinitive of the double compound συνκακουχεω sunkakoucheō (from συν κακοσ εχω sun class="normal greek">κακουχεω kakos class="normal greek">προσκαιρον εχειν αμαρτιας απολαυσιν echō), to treat ill with (associative instrumental case), only known example save one in the papyri (second century a.d.), though Απολαυσις kakoucheō in Hebrews 11:37; Hebrews 13:3. To enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season (απολαυω proskairon echein hamartias apolausin). Literally, “to have temporary pleasure of sin.” Προσκαιρος Apolausis is old word from προσ καιρος apolauō to enjoy, in N.T. only here and 1 Timothy 6:17. αιωνιος Proskairos (from pros class="translit"> kairos) is a common Koiné word as the antithesis to aiōnios (eternal) as in Matthew 13:21; Mark 4:17; 2 Corinthians 4:18 (only N.T. examples). To have been disloyal to God‘s people would have brought enjoyment to Moses in the Egyptian Court for a short while only. [source]
Perfect passive participle of συνδεω sundeō old verb, here only in N.T. For sympathy with prisoners see Hebrews 10:34. As being yourselves also in the body And so subject to evil treatment. See Hebrews 11:37 for κακουχεω kakoucheō and Hebrews 11:25 for συνκακουχεω sunkakoucheō f0). [source]
First aorist passive volitive subjunctive of ποβεομαι phobeomai to be afraid. There is no break in the argument on Psalm 95:1-11. This is a poor chapter division. The Israelites perished because of disbelief. We today face a real peril. Lest haply Genitive absolute of the present passive participle of καταλειπω kataleipō to leave behind. God‘s promise still holds good for us in spite of the failure of the Israelites. Should seem to have come short of it Perfect active infinitive of υστερεω hustereō old verb from υστερος husteros (comparative of root υδ ud like our out, outer, outermost), to be too late, to fail to reach the goal as here, common in the N.T. (Hebrews 11:37; Hebrews 12:15). [source]