KJV: But with whom was he grieved forty years? was it not with them that had sinned, whose carcases fell in the wilderness?
YLT: but with whom was He grieved forty years? was it not with those who did sin, whose carcasses fell in the wilderness?
Darby: And with whom was he wroth forty years? Was it not with those who had sinned, whose carcases fell in the wilderness?
ASV: And with whom was he displeased forty years? was it not with them that sinned, whose bodies fell in the wilderness?
τίσιν | With whom |
Parse: Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun, Dative Masculine Plural Root: τίς Sense: who, which, what. |
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δὲ | now |
Parse: Conjunction Root: δέ Sense: but, moreover, and, etc. |
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προσώχθισεν | was He indignant |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: προσοχθίζω Sense: to be wroth or displeased with. |
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τεσσεράκοντα | forty |
Parse: Adjective, Accusative Neuter Plural Root: τεσσαράκοντα Sense: forty. |
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ἔτη | years |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Neuter Plural Root: ἔτος Sense: year. |
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οὐχὶ | [if] not |
Parse: IntPrtcl Root: οὐχί Sense: not, by no means, not at all. |
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τοῖς | with those |
Parse: Article, Dative Masculine Plural Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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ἁμαρτήσασιν | having sinned |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Dative Masculine Plural Root: ἁμαρτάνω Sense: to be without a share in. |
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ὧν | whose |
Parse: Personal / Relative Pronoun, Genitive Masculine Plural Root: ὅς Sense: who, which, what, that. |
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τὰ | - |
Parse: Article, Nominative Neuter Plural Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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κῶλα | bodies |
Parse: Noun, Nominative Neuter Plural Root: κῶλον Sense: a member of a body, particularly the more external and prominent members esp. |
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ἔπεσεν | fell |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: πίπτω Sense: to descend from a higher place to a lower. |
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ἐρήμῳ | wilderness |
Parse: Adjective, Dative Feminine Singular Root: ἔρημος Sense: solitary, lonely, desolate, uninhabited. |
Greek Commentary for Hebrews 3:17
Dative masculine plural after προσωχτισεν prosōchthisen (cf. Hebrews 3:10) of the articular first aorist active participle of αμαρτανω hamartanō Carcases Old word for members of the body like the feet, in lxx a dead body (Num 14:29), here only in N.T. [source]
d The interrogation still continued. “With whom was he displeased forty years? Was it not with them?” etc. [source]
N.T.olxx for פֶּֽגֶר, a corpse. Κῶλον properly a limb. The idea of dismemberment underlies the use of the word. Comp. Numbers 14:29(lxx), and 1 Corinthians 10:5, of the rebellious Israelites, who κατεστρώθησαν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ werestrewn down along in the wilderness. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Hebrews 3:17
The Hebrew omits wherefore. It was inserted because of the transfer of forty years to the preceding clause. The verb προσώχθισα Iwas grieved, only here and Hebrews 3:17. In lxx for קוֹא, to spue out; גָּעַל, to exclude, reject, abhor; מָאַֽם, to repudiate. [source]
Note the author's characteristic use of the question to express denial. Comp. Hebrews 1:14; Hebrews 2:3; Hebrews 3:17; Hebrews 7:11; Hebrews 12:7. First quotation from Psalm 2:7. The Psalm is addressed as a congratulatory ode to a king of Judah, declaring his coming triumph over the surrounding nations, and calling on them to render homage to the God of Israel. The king is called Son of Jahveh, and is said to be “begotten” on the day on which he is publicly recognized as king. Words of the same Psalm are quoted Acts 4:25, and these words Acts 13:33. [source]
“And yet saw.” Wherefore Not in the lxx, but it makes clear the argument in the Psalm. I was displeased First aorist active of προσοχτιζω prosochthizō late compound for extreme anger and disgust. In N.T. only here and Hebrews 3:17. Err Present middle indicative of πλαναω planaō to wander astray, common verb. They did not know In spite of God‘s works (εργα erga) and loving patience the Israelites failed to understand God‘s ways with them. Are we any better? They “cared not to take my road” (Moffatt). [source]
Clearly interrogative, not indefinite (some). Did provoke First aorist active indicative of παραπικρινω parapikrinō apparently coined by the lxx like παραπικρασμος parapikrasmos (Hebrews 3:15) to which it points, exasperating the anger of God. Nay, did not all “A favourite device of the diatribe style” (Moffatt), answering one rhetorical question with another (Luke 17:8) as in Hebrews 3:17, Hebrews 3:18, There was a faithful minority mentioned by Paul (1 Corinthians 10:7.). [source]