KJV: So they ran both together: and the other disciple did outrun Peter, and came first to the sepulchre.
YLT: and the two were running together, and the other disciple did run forward more quickly than Peter, and came first to the tomb,
Darby: And the two ran together, and the other disciple ran forward faster than Peter, and came first to the tomb,
ASV: And they ran both together: and the other disciple outran Peter, and came first to the tomb;
| ἔτρεχον | Were running |
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Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: τρέχω Sense: to run. |
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| δὲ | now |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: δέ Sense: but, moreover, and, etc. |
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| δύο | two |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: δύο Sense: the two, the twain. |
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| ὁμοῦ | together |
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Parse: Adverb Root: ὁμοῦ Sense: together: of persons assembled together. |
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| ἄλλος | other |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ἄλλος Sense: another, other. |
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| μαθητὴς | disciple |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: μαθητής Sense: a learner, pupil, disciple. |
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| προέδραμεν | ran ahead |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: προτρέχω Sense: to run before, to outrun. |
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| τάχιον | faster |
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Parse: Adjective, Accusative Neuter Singular, Comparative Root: ταχέως Sense: more swiftly, more quickly. |
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| τοῦ | - |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| Πέτρου | than Peter |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: Πέτρος Sense: one of the twelve disciples of Jesus. |
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| ἦλθεν | came |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἔρχομαι Sense: to come. |
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| πρῶτος | first |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: πρῶτος Sense: first in time or place. |
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| μνημεῖον | tomb |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Neuter Singular Root: μνημεῖον Sense: any visible object for preserving or recalling the memory of any person or thing. |
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Greek Commentary for John 20:4
“The two” (Peter and the other disciple whom Jesus loved). Ran together Imperfect active of τρεχω trechō It was a race in eagerness to reach the tomb of Jesus. Outran Peter Second aorist active indicative of προτρεχω protrechō old verb, in N.T. only here and Luke 19:4, to run on before (ahead). “He ran ahead more swiftly (see John 13:27) than Peter” (ablative case after comparative adverb ταχειον tacheion Koiné for older τασσον thāsson). First Predicative nominative (not adverb προτον proton) and superlative used where only two involved. John won the race. [source]
Still the imperfect, they were running. How much the A.V. loses by its persistent ignoring of the force of this tense. [source]
Literally, ran on in front more quickly. Dante, addressing the spirit of John in Paradise says:“O holy father, spirit who beholdestWhat thou believedst so that thou o'ercamest, Toward the sepulchre, more youthful feet.”“Paradise,” xxiv., 124-126. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for John 20:4
The only time the word Satan occurs in the Gospel. As he had done before (John 13:2; Luke 22:3) until Christ considered him a devil (John 6:70). This is the natural outcome of one who plays with the devil. That thou doest, do quickly Aorist active imperative of ποιεω poieō “Do more quickly what thou art doing.” Ταχειον Tacheion is comparative of ταχεως tacheōs (John 11:31) and in N.T. only here, John 20:4; Hebrews 13:19, Hebrews 13:23. See the eagerness of Jesus for the passion in Luke 12:50. [source]
The spiritual harvester can gather his harvest without waiting four months. Jesus is reaping a harvest right now by the conversion of this woman. The labourer is worthy of his hire (Luke 10:7; 2 Timothy 2:6). John does not use μιστος misthos (reward) again, but καρπος karpos (John 15:2-16), “fruit for life eternal” (cf. John 4:14). That he that soweth and he that reapeth may rejoice together Final use of ινα hina with present active subjunctive of χαιρω chairō to rejoice, in the singular with ο σπειρων ho speirōn (the sower) and to be repeated with ο τεριζων ho therizōn (the reaper). The adverb ομου homou (together) elsewhere in N.T. only John 20:4; John 21:2; Acts 2:1. Usually considerable time passes between the sowing and the reaping as in John 4:35. Amos (Amos 9:13) spoke of the time when “the ploughman shall overtake the reaper” and that has happened here with the joy of the harvest time (Isaiah 9:3). Jesus the Sower and the disciples as the reapers are here rejoicing simultaneously. [source]
Imperfect active indicative of επιμενω epimenō (waiting in addition or still, επι epi old verb) with supplementary active participle of ερωταω erōtaō to question. See same construction in Acts 12:16 The verb επιμενω epimenō does not occur in John. They saw that Jesus seemed embarrassed, but did not know that it was as much because of “the brazen hardness of the prosecutors” as because of the shame of the deed. He lifted himself up First aorist active indicative of ανακυπτω anakuptō the opposite of κατακυπτω katakuptō to bend down (John 8:8) or of κατω κυπτω katō kuptō (John 8:6). He that is without sin Verbal adjective Objective genitive. First cast The nominative πρωτος prōtos means first before others, be the first to cast, not cast before he does something else. See John 20:4. The verb is second aorist imperative of βαλλω ballō old verb to fling or cast. Jesus thus picks out the executioner in the case. [source]
is simply Acts (Πραχεις Praxeis) in Aleph, Origen, Tertullian, Didymus, Hilary, Eusebius, Epiphanius. The Acts of the Apostles (Πραχεις αποστολων Praxeis apostolōn) is the reading of B D (Aleph in subscription) Athanasius, Origen, Tertullian, Cyprian, Eusebius, Cyril of Jerusalem, Theodoret, Hilary. The Acts of the Holy Apostles (Πραχεις των αγιων αποστολων Praxeis tōn hagiōn apostolōn) is read by A2 E G H A K Chrysostom. It is possible that the book was given no title at all by Luke, for it is plain that usage varied greatly even in the same writers. The long title as found in the Textus Receptus (Authorized Version) is undoubtedly wrong with the adjective “Holy.” The reading of B D, “The Acts of the Apostles,” may be accepted as probably correct.The former treatise (τον μεν πρωτον ton men prōton). Literally, the first treatise. The use of the superlative is common enough and by no means implies, though it allows, a third volume. This use of πρωτος prōtoswhere only two are compared is seen between the Baptist and Jesus (John 1:15), John and Peter (John 20:4). The idiom is common in the papyri (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 662, 669). The use of μεν σολιταριυμ men solitariumhere, as Hackett notes, is common in Acts. It is by no means true that μεν menrequires a following δε deby contrast. The word is merely a weakened form of μην mēn=surely, indeed. The reference is to the “first treatise” and merely emphasizes that. The use of λογος logos(word) for treatise or historical narrative is common in ancient Greek as in Herodotus 6 and 9. Plato (Phaedo, p. 61 B) makes a contrast between μυτος muthosand λογος logosI made (εποιησαμην epoiēsamēn). Aorist middle indicative, the middle being the usual construction for mental acts with ποιεω poieōO Theophilus (Ο Τεοπιλε O Theophile). The interjection Ο Ohere as is common, though not in Luke 1:3. But the adjective κρατιστε kratiste(most excellent) is wanting here. See remarks on Theophilus on Luke 1:3. Hackett thinks that he lived at Rome because of the way Acts ends. He was a man of rank. He may have defrayed the expense of publishing both Luke and Acts. Perhaps by this time Luke may have reached a less ceremonious acquaintance with Theophilus. Which Jesus began (ων ηρχατο Ιησους hōn ērxato Iēsous). The relative is attracted from the accusative α hato the genitive ων hōnbecause of the antecedent παντων pantōn(all). The language of Luke here is not merely pleonastic as Winer held. Jesus “began” “both to do and to teach” (ποιειν τε και διδασκειν poiein te kai didaskein). Note present infinitives, linear action, still going on, and the use of τεκαι tė̇kaibinds together the life and teachings of Jesus, as if to say that Jesus is still carrying on from heaven the work and teaching of the disciples which he started while on earth before his ascension. The record which Luke now records is really the Acts of Jesus as much as the Acts of the Apostles. Dr. A. T. Pierson called it “The Acts of the Holy Spirit,” and that is true also. The Acts, according to Luke, is a continuation of the doings and teachings of Jesus. “The following writings appear intended to give us, and do, in fact, profess to give us, that which Jesus continued to do and teach after the day in which he was taken up” (Bernard, Progress of Doctrine in the N.T.). [source]
Purpose clause with ινα hina and the first aorist passive subjunctive of αποκατιστημι apokathistēmi an old double compound as in Matthew 12:13. What is meant by ταχειον tacheion (John 13:27; John 20:4) we do not know, possibly sickness. See Hebrews 13:23 also for ταχειον tacheion f0). [source]
Note πρωτος prōtos (nominative), not πρωτον prōton as in John 20:4, John 20:8. God loved us before we loved him (John 3:16). Our love is in response to his love for us. Αγαπωμεν Agapōmen is indicative (we love), not subjunctive (let us love) of the same form. There is no object expressed here. [source]