KJV: Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever.
YLT: wild waves of a sea, foaming out their own shames; stars going astray, to whom the gloom of the darkness to the age hath been kept.
Darby: raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shames; wandering stars, to whom has been reserved the gloom of darkness for eternity.
ASV: Wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, for whom the blackness of darkness hath been reserved forever.
κύματα | waves |
Parse: Noun, Nominative Neuter Plural Root: κῦμα Sense: a wave (swell) esp. of the sea or of a lake. |
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ἄγρια | wild |
Parse: Adjective, Nominative Neuter Plural Root: ἄγριος Sense: living or growing in the fields or woods. |
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θαλάσσης | of [the] sea |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: θάλασσα Sense: the sea. |
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ἐπαφρίζοντα | foaming out |
Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Nominative Neuter Plural Root: ἀπαφρίζω Sense: to foam up. |
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τὰς | - |
Parse: Article, Accusative Feminine Plural Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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ἑαυτῶν | of their |
Parse: Reflexive Pronoun, Genitive Neuter 3rd Person Plural Root: ἑαυτοῦ Sense: himself, herself, itself, themselves. |
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αἰσχύνας | shame |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Plural Root: αἰσχύνη Sense: the confusion of one who is ashamed of anything, sense of shame. |
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ἀστέρες | stars |
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: ἀστήρ Sense: a star. |
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πλανῆται | wandering |
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: πλάνης Sense: a wanderer: wandering stars. |
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οἷς | to whom |
Parse: Personal / Relative Pronoun, Dative Masculine Plural Root: ὅς Sense: who, which, what, that. |
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ζόφος | gloom |
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ζόφος Sense: darkness, blackness. |
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τοῦ | - |
Parse: Article, Genitive Neuter Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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σκότους | of darkness |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Neuter Singular Root: σκότος Sense: darkness. |
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αἰῶνα | [the] age |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: αἰών Sense: for ever, an unbroken age, perpetuity of time, eternity. |
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τετήρηται | has been reserved |
Parse: Verb, Perfect Indicative Middle or Passive, 3rd Person Singular Root: τηρέω Sense: to attend to carefully, take care of. |
Greek Commentary for Jude 1:13
Waves (Matthew 8:24, from κυεω kueō to swell) wild (from αγρος agros field, wild honey Matthew 3:4) like untamed animals of the forest or the sea. [source]
Late and rare present active participle of επαπριζω epaphrizō used in Moschus for the foaming waves as here. Cf. Isaiah 57:20.Shame (αισχυνας aischunas). Plural “shames” (disgraces). Cf. Philemon 3:19.Wandering stars “Stars wanderers.” Πλανητης Planētēs old word (from πλαναω planaō), here alone in N.T. Some refer this to comets or shooting stars. See Isaiah 14:12 for an allusion to Babylon as the day-star who fell through pride.For ever (εις αιωνα eis aiōna). The rest of the relative clause exactly as in 2 Peter 2:17. [source]
Plural “shames” (disgraces). Cf. Philemon 3:19. [source]
“Stars wanderers.” Πλανητης Planētēs old word (from πλαναω planaō), here alone in N.T. Some refer this to comets or shooting stars. See Isaiah 14:12 for an allusion to Babylon as the day-star who fell through pride.For ever (εις αιωνα eis aiōna). The rest of the relative clause exactly as in 2 Peter 2:17. [source]
The rest of the relative clause exactly as in 2 Peter 2:17. [source]
Rev., wild, which is better, as implying quality rather than act. Waves, by nature untamed. The act or expression of the nature is given by the next word. [source]
Only here in New Testament. Compare Isaiah 57:20. [source]
Lit., shames or disgraces. [source]
Compare 2 Peter 2:17. Possibly referring to comets, which shine a while and then pass into darkness. “They belong not to the system: they stray at random and without law, and must at last be severed from the lights which rule while they are ruled” (Lumby). [source]
See on 2 Peter 2:4. [source]
Lit., “the darkness,” the article pointing back to the darkness already mentioned, Judges 1:6. [source]