KJV: Then said he unto the dresser of his vineyard, Behold, these three years I come seeking fruit on this fig tree, and find none: cut it down; why cumbereth it the ground?
YLT: and he said unto the vine-dresser, Lo, three years I come seeking fruit in this fig-tree, and do not find, cut it off, why also the ground doth it render useless?
Darby: And he said to the vinedresser, Behold, these three years I come seeking fruit on this fig-tree and find none: cut it down; why does it also render the ground useless?
ASV: And he said unto the vinedresser, Behold, these three years I come seeking fruit on this fig tree, and find none: cut it down; why doth it also cumber the ground?
εἶπεν | He said |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: λέγω Sense: to speak, say. |
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ἀμπελουργόν | vinedresser |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: ἀμπελουργός Sense: a vinedresser. |
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Ἰδοὺ | Behold |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Imperative Active, 2nd Person Singular Root: ἰδού Sense: behold, see, lo. |
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τρία | three |
Parse: Adjective, Accusative Neuter Plural Root: τρεῖς Sense: three. |
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ἔτη | years |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Neuter Plural Root: ἔτος Sense: year. |
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ἀφ’ | throughout |
Parse: Preposition Root: ἀπό Sense: of separation. |
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οὗ | these |
Parse: Personal / Relative Pronoun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ὅς Sense: who, which, what, that. |
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ἔρχομαι | I come |
Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Middle or Passive, 1st Person Singular Root: ἔρχομαι Sense: to come. |
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ζητῶν | seeking |
Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ζητέω Sense: to seek in order to find. |
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καρπὸν | fruit |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: καρπός Sense: fruit. |
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συκῇ | fig tree |
Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Singular Root: συκῆ Sense: a fig tree. |
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ταύτῃ | this |
Parse: Demonstrative Pronoun, Dative Feminine Singular Root: οὗτος Sense: this. |
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εὑρίσκω | do find [any] |
Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Active, 1st Person Singular Root: εὑρίσκω Sense: to come upon, hit upon, to meet with. |
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ἔκκοψον | Cut down |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Imperative Active, 2nd Person Singular Root: ἐκκόπτω Sense: to cut out, cut off. |
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ἵνα‿ | that |
Parse: Conjunction Root: ἵνα Sense: that, in order that, so that. |
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τί | why |
Parse: Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun, Accusative Neuter Singular Root: τίς Sense: who, which, what. |
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καὶ | even |
Parse: Conjunction Root: καί Sense: and, also, even, indeed, but. |
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γῆν | ground |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: γῆ Sense: arable land. |
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καταργεῖ | should it use up |
Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: καταργέω Sense: to render idle, unemployed, inactivate, inoperative. |
Greek Commentary for Luke 13:7
Old word, but here only in the N.T., from αμπελος ampelos vine, and εργον ergon work. [source]
Literally, “three years since (from which time) I come.” These three years, of course, have nothing to do with the three years of Christ‘s public ministry. The three years are counted from the time when the fig tree would normally be expected to bear, not from the time of planting. The Jewish nation is meant by this parable of the barren fig tree. In the withering of the barren fig tree later at Jerusalem we see parable changed to object lesson or fact (Mark 11:12-14; Matthew 21:18.).Cut it down (εκκοπσον ekkopson). “Cut it out,” the Greek has it, out of the vineyard, perfective use of εκ ek with the effective aorist active imperative of κοπτω koptō where we prefer “down.”Why? Ellipsis here of γενηται genētai of which τι ti is subject (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 739, 916).Also (και kai). Besides bearing no fruit.Doth cumber the ground Makes the ground completely idle, of no use Late verb, here only in the N.T. except in Paul‘s Epistles. [source]
“Cut it out,” the Greek has it, out of the vineyard, perfective use of εκ ek with the effective aorist active imperative of κοπτω koptō where we prefer “down.” [source]
Ellipsis here of γενηται genētai of which τι ti is subject (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 739, 916).Also (και kai). Besides bearing no fruit.Doth cumber the ground Makes the ground completely idle, of no use Late verb, here only in the N.T. except in Paul‘s Epistles. [source]
Besides bearing no fruit. [source]
Makes the ground completely idle, of no use Late verb, here only in the N.T. except in Paul‘s Epistles. [source]
The best texts insert ἀφ ' οὗ , from which, or since. “It is three years from the time at which I came.” [source]
Rather, “cut it out ” ( ἐκ ) from among the other trees and the vines. [source]
The A. V. omits the very important καὶ , also (Rev.), which, as Trench observes, is the key-word of the sentence. Besides being barren in itself, it also injures the soil. “Not only is it unfruitful, but it draws away the juices which the vines would extract from the earth, intercepts the sun, and occupies room” (Bengel). The verb cumbereth ( καταργεῖ ) means to make of no effect. So Romans 3:3, Romans 3:31; Galatians 3:17. Cumbereth expresses the meaning in a very general and comprehensive way. The specific elements included in it are expressed by Bengel above. De Wette, makes the land unfruitful. See on barren and unfruitful, 2 Peter 1:8. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Luke 13:7
Lit.,from the time that. Compare Luke 13:7. Some editors connect this with the previous sentence: “Shall not be able when once, ” etc. [source]
From γῆ , the earth, and ἔργω , to work. The vine-dresser is ἀμπελουργός , occurring only at Luke 13:7; but the office of the vine-dresser is a subordinate one, while γεωργός may indicate the proprietor. See 2 Chronicles 26:10(Sept.), where the word is applied to King Uzziah. So of Noah, Genesis 9:20. In Matthew 21:33-41, the γεωργοὶ represent the chiefs and leaders of the Jews. Wyc., an earth-tiller. [source]
See on Luke 13:7. The word occurs twenty-five times in Paul, and is variously rendered in A.V. make void, destroy, loose, bring to nought, fail, vanish away, put away, put down, abolish, cease. The radical meaning is to make inert or idle. Dr. Morison acutely observes that it negatives the idea of agency or operation, rather than of result or effect. It is rather to make inefficient than to make without effect. So in Luke 13:7, why should the tree be allowed to make the ground idle? 1 Corinthians 13:8, prophecies shall fail, or have no more work to do. 2 Timothy 1:10Christ abolished death. There is no more work for it. Romans 6:6, the body of sin is rendered inactive. Romans 3:31, Do we deprive the law of its work - render it a dead letter? [source]
Lit., cut out. See on Luke 13:7. [source]
Lit., being done away or brought to nought. See on Luke 13:7; see on Romans 3:3. [source]
Lit., cut out. See on Luke 13:7, and compare Romans 11:24. [source]
The enmity immediately follows the middle wall of partition, and should be rendered in apposition with and as defining it, and as dependent on brake down, not on abolished: the middle wall which was the enmity. It is used abstractly, as peace in Ephesians 2:14. The enmity was the result and working of the law regarded as a separative system; as it separated Jew from Gentile, and both from God. See Romans 3:20; Romans 4:15; Romans 5:20; Romans 7:7-11. For abolished, see on cumbereth, Luke 13:7, and make without effect, see on Romans 3:3. [source]
See on cumbereth, Luke 13:7and see on make without effect, Romans 3:3. [source]
The best MSS. read “blood and flesh.” The verb is perfect active indicative of κοινωνεω koinōneō old verb with the regular genitive, elsewhere in the N.T. with the locative (Romans 12:13) or with εν en or εις eis “The children have become partners Second aorist active indicative of μετεχω metechō to have with, a practical synonym for κοινωνεω koinōneō and with the genitive also That he might bring to naught Purpose of the incarnation clearly stated with ινα hina and the first aorist active subjunctive of καταργεω katargeō old word to render idle or ineffective (from κατα αργος kata class="normal greek">κρατος argos), causative verb (25 times in Paul), once in Luke (Luke 13:7), once in Hebrews (here). “By means of death” (his own death) Christ broke the power (τουτ εστιν kratos) of the devil over death (paradoxical as it seems), certainly in men‘s fear of death and in some unexplained way Satan had sway over the realm of death (Zechariah 3:5.). Note the explanatory tout' estin (that is) with the accusative after it as before it. In Revelation 12:7 Satan is identified with the serpent in Eden, though it is not done in the Old Testament. See Romans 5:12; John 8:44; John 14:30; John 16:11; 1 John 3:12. Death is the devil‘s realm, for he is the author of sin. “Death as death is no part of the divine order” (Westcott). [source]
Second aorist active indicative of μετεχω metechō to have with, a practical synonym for κοινωνεω koinōneō and with the genitive also That he might bring to naught Purpose of the incarnation clearly stated with ινα hina and the first aorist active subjunctive of καταργεω katargeō old word to render idle or ineffective (from κατα αργος kata class="normal greek">κρατος argos), causative verb (25 times in Paul), once in Luke (Luke 13:7), once in Hebrews (here). “By means of death” (his own death) Christ broke the power (τουτ εστιν kratos) of the devil over death (paradoxical as it seems), certainly in men‘s fear of death and in some unexplained way Satan had sway over the realm of death (Zechariah 3:5.). Note the explanatory tout' estin (that is) with the accusative after it as before it. In Revelation 12:7 Satan is identified with the serpent in Eden, though it is not done in the Old Testament. See Romans 5:12; John 8:44; John 14:30; John 16:11; 1 John 3:12. Death is the devil‘s realm, for he is the author of sin. “Death as death is no part of the divine order” (Westcott). [source]