KJV: And came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee, and taught them on the sabbath days.
YLT: And he came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee, and was teaching them on the sabbaths,
Darby: and descended to Capernaum, a city of Galilee, and taught them on the sabbaths.
ASV: And he came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee. And he was teaching them on the sabbath day:
| κατῆλθεν | He went down |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: κατέρχομαι Sense: to come down, go down. |
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| Καφαρναοὺμ | Capernaum |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: Καπερναούμ Sense: a flourishing city of Galilee situated on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee or Lake of Gennesaret, near the place where the Jordan flows into the lake. |
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| πόλιν | a city |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: πόλις Sense: a city. |
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| τῆς | - |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| Γαλιλαίας | of Galilee |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: Γαλιλαία Sense: the name of a region of northern Palestine, bounded on the north by Syria, on the west by Sidon, Tyre, Ptolemais and their territories and the promontory of Carmel, on the south by Samaria and on the east by the Jordan. |
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| ἦν | He was |
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Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: εἰμί Sense: to be, to exist, to happen, to be present. |
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| διδάσκων | teaching |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: διδάσκω Sense: to teach. |
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| σάββασιν | Sabbaths |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Neuter Plural Root: σάββατον Sense: the seventh day of each week which was a sacred festival on which the Israelites were required to abstain from all work. |
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Greek Commentary for Luke 4:31
Mark 1:21 has the historical present, they go into Capernaum (Tell Hum) is now the headquarters of the Galilean ministry, since Nazareth has rejected Jesus. Luke 4:31-37 is parallel with Mark 1:21-28 which he manifestly uses. It is the first of Christ‘s miracles which they give. [source]
Periphrastic imperfect. Mark has εδιδασκεν edidasken first and then εν διδασκων en didaskōn “Them” here means the people present in the synagogue on the sabbath, construction according to sense as in Mark 1:22.sa120 [source]
Correctly, as Rev., was teaching. The finite verb and participle denoting continuance. [source]
Rev., day. The word is often used in the plural form for the single day, as in Luke 4:16; probably after the analogy of plural names of festivals, as τὰ ἄζυμα ,the feast of unleavened bread; τὰ γενέσια ,the birth-day; or perhaps following the Aramaic plural. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Luke 4:31
Mark 1:21 has the historical present, they go into Capernaum (Tell Hum) is now the headquarters of the Galilean ministry, since Nazareth has rejected Jesus. Luke 4:31-37 is parallel with Mark 1:21-28 which he manifestly uses. It is the first of Christ‘s miracles which they give. [source]
This is the second sabbath on which Jesus is noted by Luke. The first was Luke 4:31-41. There was another in John 5:1-47. There is Western and Syrian (Byzantine) evidence for a very curious reading here which calls this sabbath “secondfirst” It is undoubtedly spurious, though Westcott and Hort print it in the margin. A possible explanation is that a scribe wrote “first” (πρωτωι prōtōi) on the margin because of the sabbath miracle in Luke 6:6-11. Then another scribe recalled Luke 4:31 where a sabbath is mentioned and wrote “second” (δευτερωι deuterōi) also on the margin. Finally a third scribe combined the two in the word δευτεροπρωτωι deuteroprōtōi that is not found elsewhere. If it were genuine, we should not know what it means. [source]
The Hebrew idiom, day one of the week. See on Luke 4:31; see on Acts 20:7. [source]
The weekly festivals. Rev., correctly, day, the plural being used for the singular. See on Luke 4:31; see on Acts 20:7. The plural is only once used in the New Testament of more than a single day (Acts 17:2). The same enumeration of sacred seasons occurs 1 Chronicles 23:31; 2 Chronicles 2:4; 2 Chronicles 31:3; Ezekiel 45:17; Hosea 2:11. [source]