KJV: But as they sailed he fell asleep: and there came down a storm of wind on the lake; and they were filled with water, and were in jeopardy.
YLT: and as they are sailing he fell deeply asleep, and there came down a storm of wind to the lake, and they were filling, and were in peril.
Darby: And as they sailed, he fell asleep; and a sudden squall of wind came down on the lake, and they were filled with water, and were in danger;
ASV: But as they sailed he fell asleep: and there came down a storm of wind on the lake; and they were filling with water , and were in jeopardy.
πλεόντων | Sailing |
Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Genitive Masculine Plural Root: πλέω Sense: to sail, navigate, travel by ship. |
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αὐτῶν | of them |
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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ἀφύπνωσεν | He fell asleep |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἀφυπνόω Sense: to awaken from sleep. |
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κατέβη | came down |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: καταβαίνω Sense: to go down, come down, descend. |
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λαῖλαψ | a storm |
Parse: Noun, Nominative Feminine Singular Root: λαῖλαψ Sense: a whirlwind, a tempestuous wind. |
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ἀνέμου | of wind |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ἄνεμος Sense: wind, a violent agitation and stream of air. |
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λίμνην | lake |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: λίμνη Sense: a lake. |
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συνεπληροῦντο | they were being swamped |
Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Middle or Passive, 3rd Person Plural Root: συμπληρόω Sense: to fill completely. |
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ἐκινδύνευον | were in danger |
Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: κινδυνεύω Sense: to be in jeopardy, to be in danger, to put in peril. |
Greek Commentary for Luke 8:23
First aorist (ingressive) active indicative of απυπνοω aphupnoō to put to sleep, to fall off to sleep, a late verb for which the older Greek used κατυπνοω kathupnoō Originally απυπνοω aphupnoō meant to waken from sleep, then to fall off to sleep (possibly a medical use). This is the only passage which speaks of the sleep of Jesus. Here only in the N.T. [source]
Second aorist active indicative of καταβαινω katabainō common verb. It was literally true. These wind storms Mark‘s (Mark 4:37) vivid use of the dramatic present γινεται ginetai (ariseth) is not so precise as Luke‘s “came down.” See note on Matthew 8:24. These sudden squalls were dangerous on this small lake.They were filling (συνεπληρουντο suneplērounto). Imperfect passive. It was the boat that was being filled (Mark 4:37) and it is here applied to the navigators as sailors sometimes spoke. An old verb, but in the N.T. used only by Luke (Luke 8:23; Luke 9:51; Acts 2:1).Were in jeopardy Imperfect active, vivid description. Old verb, but in the N.T. only here, Acts 19:27; 1 Corinthians 15:30. [source]
Imperfect passive. It was the boat that was being filled (Mark 4:37) and it is here applied to the navigators as sailors sometimes spoke. An old verb, but in the N.T. used only by Luke (Luke 8:23; Luke 9:51; Acts 2:1). [source]
Imperfect active, vivid description. Old verb, but in the N.T. only here, Acts 19:27; 1 Corinthians 15:30. [source]
Very graphic. He fell off ( ἀπό ) into sleep. [source]
More vivid than either Matthew or Mark, who have there arose. The word describes the action of the sudden storms which literally come down from the heights surrounding the lake. See on Matthew 8:24. [source]
See Mark 4:37. Matthew has σεισμὸς , a shaking. See on Matthew 8:24. [source]
Used by Luke only. Mark, as usual, goes into minuter detail, and describes how the waves beat into the boat. Note the imperfects: they were filling; they were beginning to be in danger, contrasted with the instantaneous descent of the storm expressed by the aorist came down. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Luke 8:23
Imperfect, was sleeping. Picturesque scene. The Sea of Galilee is 680 feet below the Mediterranean Sea. These sudden squalls come down from the summit of Hermon with terrific force (σεισμος μεγας seismos megas) like an earthquake. Mark (Mark 4:37) and Luke (Luke 8:23) term it a whirlwind (λαιλαπς lailaps) in furious gusts. [source]
Mark‘s vivid historical present again. Matthew 8:24 has εγενετο egeneto (arose) and Luke 8:23 κατεβη katebē (came down). Luke has also λαιλαπς lailaps but Matthew σεισμος seismos (tempest), a violent upheaval like an earthquake. Λαιλαπς Lailaps is an old word for these cyclonic gusts or storms. Luke‘s “came down” shows that the storm fell suddenly from Mount Hermon down into the Jordan Valley and smote the Sea of Galilee violently at its depth of 682 feet below the Mediterranean Sea. The hot air at this depth draws the storm down with sudden power. These sudden storms continue to this day on the Sea of Galilee. The word occurs in the lxx of the whirlwind out of which God answered Job (Job 38:1) and in Jonah 1:4. [source]
Second aorist active indicative of καταβαινω katabainō common verb. It was literally true. These wind storms Mark‘s (Mark 4:37) vivid use of the dramatic present γινεται ginetai (ariseth) is not so precise as Luke‘s “came down.” See note on Matthew 8:24. These sudden squalls were dangerous on this small lake.They were filling (συνεπληρουντο suneplērounto). Imperfect passive. It was the boat that was being filled (Mark 4:37) and it is here applied to the navigators as sailors sometimes spoke. An old verb, but in the N.T. used only by Luke (Luke 8:23; Luke 9:51; Acts 2:1).Were in jeopardy Imperfect active, vivid description. Old verb, but in the N.T. only here, Acts 19:27; 1 Corinthians 15:30. [source]
Imperfect passive. It was the boat that was being filled (Mark 4:37) and it is here applied to the navigators as sailors sometimes spoke. An old verb, but in the N.T. used only by Luke (Luke 8:23; Luke 9:51; Acts 2:1). [source]
Luke‘s common idiom εν en with the articular infinitive, “in the being fulfilled as to the days.” This common compound occurs in the N.T. only here and Luke 8:23; Acts 2:1. The language here makes it plain that Jesus was fully conscious of the time of his death as near as already stated (Luke 9:22, Luke 9:27, Luke 9:31). [source]
Against what? Some say, the island of Crete; in which case they would have been driven against the island, whereas we are told that they were driven away from it. Others, the ship. It is objected that the pronoun αὐτῆς it, is feminine, while the feminine noun for ship ( ναῦς ) is not commonly used by Luke, but rather the neuter, πλοῖον . I do not think this objection entitled to much weight. Luke is the only New Testament writer who uses ναῦς (see Acts 27:41), though he uses it but once; and, as Hackett remarks, “it would be quite accidental which of the terms would shape the pronoun at this moment, as they were both so familiar.” A third explanation refers the pronoun to the island of Crete, and renders, “there beat down from it. ” This is grammatical, and according to a well-known usage of the preposition. The verb βάλλω is also used intransitively in the sense of tofall; thus Homer Iliad,” xi., 722), of a riverfalling into the sea. Compare Mark 4:37: “the the waves beat ( ἐπέβαλλεν ) into the ship;” and Luke 15:12the portion of goods thatfalleth ( ἐπιβάλλον ) to me.” The rendering of the Rev. is, therefore, well supported, and, on the whole, preferable' there beat down from it. It is also according to the analogy of the expression in Luke 8:23, there came down a storm. See note there, and see on Matthew 8:24. [source]
The text is uncertain. The text of Westcott and Hort means “to be accused of insurrection concerning today‘s assembly.” The peril was real. Κινδυνευομεν Kinduneuomen from κινδυνος kindunos danger, peril. Old verb, but in the N.T. only here and Luke 8:23; 1 Corinthians 15:30. [source]
Luke‘s favourite idiom of εν en with the articular present infinitive passive and the accusative of general reference, “in the being fulfilled completely (perfective use of συν suṅ) as to the day of Pentecost.” Common verb, but only in Luke in N.T. In literal sense of filling a boat in Luke 8:23, about days in Luke 9:51 as here. Whether the disciples expected the coming of the Holy Spirit on this day we do not know. Blass holds that the present tense shows that the day had not yet come. It is a Hebrew idiom (Exodus 7:25) and Luke may mean that the day of Pentecost was not yet over, was still going on, though Hackett takes it for the interval (fifty days) between Passover and Pentecost. Apparently this day of Pentecost fell on the Jewish Sabbath (our Saturday). It was the feast of first fruits. [source]
We also as well as those who receive baptism which symbolizes death. Old verb from κινδυνος kindunos (peril, danger), in N.T. only here and Luke 8:23. Paul‘s Epistles and Acts (especially chapter Acts 19) throw light on Paul‘s argument. He was never out of danger from Damascus to the last visit to Rome. There are perils in Ephesus of which we do not know (2 Corinthians 1:8.) whatever may be true as to an Ephesian imprisonment. G. S. Duncan (St. Paul‘s Ephesian Ministry, 1930) even argues for several imprisonments in Ephesus. The accusative of time (πασαν ωραν pasan hōran) naturally means all through every hour (extension). [source]
Old word for fog, here alone in N.T.Driven by a storm (υπο λαιλαπος ελαυνομεναι hupo lailapos elaunomenai). Λαιλαπς Lailaps is a squall (Mark 4:37; Luke 8:23, only other N.T. examples). See James 3:4 for another example of ελαυνω elaunō for driving power of wind and waves.For whom Dative case of personal interest.The blackness (ο ζοπος ho zophos). See 2 Peter 2:4 for this word.Hath been reserved Perfect passive participle of τηρεω tēreō for which see 2 Peter 2:4, 2 Peter 2:9. [source]
Λαιλαπς Lailaps is a squall (Mark 4:37; Luke 8:23, only other N.T. examples). See James 3:4 for another example of ελαυνω elaunō for driving power of wind and waves. [source]