KJV: Watch ye therefore: for ye know not when the master of the house cometh, at even, or at midnight, or at the cockcrowing, or in the morning:
YLT: watch ye, therefore, for ye have not known when the lord of the house doth come, at even, or at midnight, or at cock-crowing, or at the morning;
Darby: Watch therefore, for ye do not know when the master of the house comes: evening, or midnight, or cock-crow, or morning;
ASV: Watch therefore: for ye know not when the lord of the house cometh, whether at even, or at midnight, or at cockcrowing, or in the morning;
| γρηγορεῖτε | Watch |
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Parse: Verb, Present Imperative Active, 2nd Person Plural Root: γρηγορέω Sense: to watch. |
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| οἴδατε | you know |
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Parse: Verb, Perfect Indicative Active, 2nd Person Plural Root: οἶδα Sense: to see. |
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| κύριος | master |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: κύριος Sense: he to whom a person or thing belongs, about which he has power of deciding; master, lord. |
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| τῆς | of the |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| οἰκίας | house |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: οἰκία Sense: a house. |
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| ἔρχεται | comes |
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Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Middle or Passive, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἔρχομαι Sense: to come. |
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| ὀψὲ | at evening |
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Parse: Adverb Root: ὀψέ Sense: after a long time, long after, late. |
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| μεσονύκτιον | at midnight |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Neuter Singular Root: μεσονύκτιον Sense: midnight. |
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| ἀλεκτοροφωνίας | when the rooster crows |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ἀλεκτοροφωνία Sense: the crowing of a cock or rooster, cock-crowing. |
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| πρωΐ | morning |
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Parse: Adverb Root: πρωί̈ Sense: in the morning, early. |
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Greek Commentary for Mark 13:35
The four watches of the night are named here: evening ( οπσε opse ), midnight ( μεσονυκτιον mesonuktion ), cock-crowing ( αλεκτοροπωνιας alektorophōnias ), morning ( πρωι prōi ). [source]
A different word from that in Mark 13:33. See also Mark 13:34. The picture in this word is that of a sleeping man rousing himself. While the other word conveys the idea of simple wakefulness, this adds the idea of alertness. Compare Mark 14:38; Luke 12:37; 1 Peter 5:8. The apostles are thus compared with the doorkeepers, Mark 13:34; and the night season is in keeping with the figure. In the temple, during the night, the captain of the temple made his rounds, and the guards had to rise at his approach and salute him in a particular manner. Any guard found asleep on duty was beaten, or his garments were set on fire. Compare Revelation 16:15: “Blessed is he that watcheth and keepeth his garments. ” The preparations for the morning service required all to be early astir. The superintending priest might knock at the door at any moment. The Rabbis use almost the very words in which scripture describes the unexpected coming of the Master. “Sometimes he came at the cockcrowing, sometimes a little earlier, sometimes a little later. He came and knocked and they opened to him” (Edersheim, “The Temple”). [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Mark 13:35
A late present imperative from the second perfect εγρηγορα egrēgora from εγειρω egeirō Keep awake, be on the watch “therefore” because of the uncertainty of the time of the second coming. Jesus gives a half dozen parables to enforce the point of this exhortation (the Porter, the Master of the House, the Faithful Servant and the Evil Servants, the Ten Virgins, the Talents, the Sheep and the Goats). Matthew does not give the Parable of the Porter (Mark 13:35-37). [source]
The closing and summary word is the stronger word of Mark 13:35: Be awake and on guard. [source]
This detail only in Mark. One crowing is always the signal for more. The Fayum papyrus agrees with Mark in having δις dis The cock-crowing marks the third watch of the night (Mark 13:35). [source]
See on Mark 13:35. [source]
See on Mark 13:35. [source]
Used technically of the fourth watch, 3-6 a.m. See Mark 13:35. The Sanhedrim could not hold a legal meeting, especially in capital cases, before sunrise; and in such cases judicial proceedings must be conducted and terminated by day. A condemnation to death, at night, was technically illegal. In capital cases, sentence of condemnation could not be legally pronounced on the day of trial. If the night proceedings were merely preliminary to a formal trial, they would have no validity; if formal, they were, ipso facto, illegal. In either case was the law observed in reference to the second council. According to the Hebrew computation of time, it was held on the same day. [source]
This staggering and sudden thrust expects an affirmative answer by the use of ουκ ouk not μη mē as in John 18:17, John 18:25, but Peter‘s previous denials with the knowledge that he was observed by a kinsman of Malchus whom he had tried to kill (John 18:10) drove him to the third flat denial that he knew Jesus, this time with cursing and swearing (Mark 14:71; Matthew 26:73). Peter was in dire peril now of arrest himself for attempt to kill. Straightway As in Matthew 26:74 while Luke has παραχρημα parachrēma (Luke 22:60). Mark (Mark 14:68, Mark 14:72) speaks of two crowings as often happens when one cock crows. See Matthew 26:34 for αλεκτωρ alektōr (cock). That was usually the close of the third watch of the night (Mark 13:35), about 3 a.m. Luke 22:61 notes that Jesus turned and looked on Peter probably as he passed from the rooms of Annas to the trial before Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin (the ecclesiastical court). See Mrs. Browning‘s beautiful sonnets on “The Look”. [source]
See on Mark 13:35. [source]
Middle of the night, old adjective seen already in Mark 13:35; Luke 11:5 which see. [source]
Compare Colossians 4:2. For watching, see on Mark 13:33, Mark 13:35. Thereunto, unto prayer, for occasions of prayer, and to maintain the spirit of prayer. One must watch before prayer, in prayer, after prayer. [source]
See on Mark 13:35; see on 1 Peter 5:8. In Ephesians 6:18, ἀγρυπνοῦντες watchingis used, on which see Mark 13:33. [source]
See on Mark 13:35, and comp. Ephesians 5:14. [source]
The ancient church held that the advent was to be expected at night, on an Easter eve. This gave rise to the custom of vigils. Jerome, on Matthew 25:6, says: “It is a tradition of the Jews that Messiah will come at midnight, after the likeness of that season in Egypt when the Passover was celebrated, and the Destroyer came, and the Lord passed over the dwellings. I think that this idea was perpetuated in the apostolic custom, that, on the day of vigils, at the Pascha, it was not allowed to dismiss the people before midnight, since they expected the advent of Christ.” It is noteworthy how many of the gospel lessons on watchfulness are associated with the night and a visit by night. See Matthew 24:43; Matthew 25:1-13; Mark 13:35; Luke 12:35, Luke 12:38; Luke 17:34; Luke 12:20. [source]
Rev., be watchful. See on Mark 13:35; and 1 Thessalonians 5:6, where both verbs occur: watch and be sober. A reminiscence of the scene in Gethsemane: Could ye not watch with me? (Matthew 26:40, Matthew 26:41). [source]
Lit., become awake and on the watch. See on Mark 13:35; see on 1 Peter 5:8. Become what thou art not. [source]
See on Mark 13:35; see on 1 Peter 5:8. [source]