The Meaning of Mark 15:21 Explained

Mark 15:21

KJV: And they compel one Simon a Cyrenian, who passed by, coming out of the country, the father of Alexander and Rufus, to bear his cross.

YLT: And they impress a certain one passing by -- Simon, a Cyrenian, coming from the field, the father of Alexander and Rufus -- that he may bear his cross,

Darby: And they compel to go with them a certain passer-by, Simon, a Cyrenian, coming from the field, the father of Alexander and Rufus, that he might carry his cross.

ASV: And they compel one passing by, Simon of Cyrene, coming from the country, the father of Alexander and Rufus, to go with them , that he might bear his cross.

KJV Reverse Interlinear

And  they compel  one  Simon  a Cyrenian,  who passed by,  coming  out of  the country,  the father  of Alexander  and  Rufus,  to  bear  his  cross. 

What does Mark 15:21 Mean?

Study Notes

Rufus
It is possible that this may be the same Rufus mentioned in Romans 16:13 .

Verse Meaning

Probably only Mark mentioned Simon"s sons because the Christians in Rome knew them or knew of them (cf. Romans 16:13). Evidently Simon became a believer in Jesus. Mark mentioned very few people by name other than the Twelve. Simon was evidently a North African Jew who had come to Jerusalem for the Passover season. Since there was a large population of Jews in Cyrene it is probable that Simon was racially a Semite rather than a Negro. [1] Simon had to do literally what all followers of Jesus must do figuratively, namely, bear His cross (cf. Mark 8:34; Luke 23:26).

Context Summary

Mark 15:1-21 - The Choice Of The Multitude
The hurried consultation of the evening was followed by the more formal meeting of the early morning; and even the decision made then had no binding force till ratified by Pilate, the Roman governor, who happened at that time to be in Jerusalem. John gives a more detailed account of this memorable interview, John 18:33-38. Our Lord did not plead His own cause but committed Himself to the One who judges righteously, 1 Peter 2:23. It was only when Pilate asked questions for his own guidance that Jesus sought to help him and then He relapsed into silence. "Like a sheep dumb before her shearers, so He opened not His mouth." Men like Barabbas, embodiments of brute force, are ever the darlings of the crowd. By narrowing the people's choice to the murderer and Jesus, Pilate expected to bring them to demand the release of the lover and helper of men. But he failed to gauge the malice of which men are capable. Perhaps he hoped that the marks of extreme suffering would soften their hatred. As well appeal to a pack of hungry wolves! His purple stood for royalty won by blood; thorns, because His diadem was won by suffering; the reed, because he can wield the frailest life to momentous issues. Happy is the man who shares Christ's cross! Simon was an African, probably colored, and this incident changed his life, Romans 16:13. [source]

Chapter Summary: Mark 15

1  Jesus brought bound, and accused before Pilate
6  Upon the clamor of the people, the murderer Barabbas is released,
12  and Jesus delivered up to be crucified
16  He is crowned with thorns, spit on, and mocked;
21  faints in bearing his cross;
27  hangs between two thieves;
29  suffers the triumphing reproaches of the crowd;
39  but is confessed by the centurion to be the Son of God;
42  and is honorably buried by Joseph

Greek Commentary for Mark 15:21

They compel [αγγαρευουσιν]
Dramatic present indicative again where Matthew 27:32 has the aorist. For this Persian word see Matthew 5:41; Matthew 27:32. [source]
Coming out of the country [ερχομενον απ αγρου]
Hence Simon met the procession. Mark adds that he was “the father of Alexander and Rufus.” Paul mentions a Rufus in Romans 16:13, but it was a common name and proves nothing. See note on Matthew 27:32 for discussion of cross-bearing by criminals. Luke adds “after Jesus” But Jesus bore his own cross till he was relieved of it, and he walked in front of his own cross for the rest of the way. [source]
Compel []
Better impress, as Rev. See on in margin. Matthew 5:41. Note the accuracy in designating Simon. [source]

Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Mark 15:21

Luke 23:26 They laid hold [επιλαβομενοι]
Second aorist middle participle of the common verb επιλαμβανω — epilambanō The soldiers had no scruples about taking hold of any one of themselves (middle voice). Mark 15:21; Matthew 27:32 use the technical word for this process αγγαρευω — aggareuō which see note for discussion and also about Cyrene. [source]
John 19:17 His cross [τὸν σταυρὸν αὑτοῦ]
The best texts read αὑτῷ or ἑαυτῷ , “bearing the cross for Himself.” John does not mention the impressment of Simon of Cyrene for this service. Compare Matthew 27:32; Mark 15:21; Luke 23:26. [source]
John 19:17 Bearing the cross for himself [βασταζων αυτωι τον σταυρον]
Cf. Luke 14:27 for this very picture in the words of Jesus. The dative case of the reflexive pronoun αυτωι — hautōi “for himself” is in strict accord with Roman custom. “A criminal condemned to be crucified was required to carry his own cross” (Bernard). But apparently Jesus under the strain of the night before and the anguish of heart within him gave out so that Simon of Cyrene was impressed to carry it for Jesus (Mark 15:21.; Matthew 27:32.; Luke 23:26). See Mark 15:22.; Matthew 27:33.; Luke 23:33 for the meaning of “place of a skull” or Calvary and Golgotha in Hebrew (Aramaic). Luke has simply Κρανιον — Kranion (Skull), a skull-looking place. [source]
Romans 16:13 Rufus []
Meaning red. Possibly the son of Simon of Cyrene, Mark 15:21. Mark probably wrote in Rome. [source]
Romans 16:13 Rufus [ουπον]
A very common slave name, possibly the Rufus of Mark 15:21. The word means “red.” [source]

What do the individual words in Mark 15:21 mean?

And they compel passing by one Simon of Cyrene coming from the country the father of Alexander Rufus that he might carry cross of Him
Καὶ ἀγγαρεύουσιν παράγοντά τινα Σίμωνα Κυρηναῖον ἐρχόμενον ἀπ’ ἀγροῦ τὸν πατέρα Ἀλεξάνδρου Ῥούφου ἵνα ἄρῃ σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ

ἀγγαρεύουσιν  they  compel 
Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural
Root: ἀγγαρεύω  
Sense: to employ a courier, dispatch a mounted messenger, press into public service, compel to go.
παράγοντά  passing  by 
Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Accusative Masculine Singular
Root: παράγω  
Sense: pass by.
τινα  one 
Parse: Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun, Accusative Masculine Singular
Root: τὶς  
Sense: a certain, a certain one.
Σίμωνα  Simon 
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular
Root: Σίμων  
Sense: Peter was one of the apostles.
Κυρηναῖον  of  Cyrene 
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular
Root: Κυρεῖνος 
Sense: a native of Cyrene.
ἐρχόμενον  coming 
Parse: Verb, Present Participle Middle or Passive, Accusative Masculine Singular
Root: ἔρχομαι  
Sense: to come.
ἀγροῦ  the  country 
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular
Root: ἀγρός  
Sense: land.
πατέρα  father 
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular
Root: προπάτωρ 
Sense: generator or male ancestor.
Ἀλεξάνδρου  of  Alexander 
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular
Root: Ἀλέξανδρος  
Sense: son of Simon of Cyrene who carried Jesus’s cross, Mk 5:2.
Ῥούφου  Rufus 
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular
Root: Ῥοῦφος  
Sense: name of a certain Christian.
ἵνα  that 
Parse: Conjunction
Root: ἵνα  
Sense: that, in order that, so that.
ἄρῃ  he  might  carry 
Parse: Verb, Aorist Subjunctive Active, 3rd Person Singular
Root: αἴρω  
Sense: to raise up, elevate, lift up.
σταυρὸν  cross 
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular
Root: σταυρός  
Sense: an upright stake, esp.
αὐτοῦ  of  Him 
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular
Root: αὐτός  
Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself.