KJV: Because that he had been often bound with fetters and chains, and the chains had been plucked asunder by him, and the fetters broken in pieces: neither could any man tame him.
YLT: because that he many times with fetters and chains had been bound, and pulled in pieces by him had been the chains, and the fetters broken in pieces, and none was able to tame him,
Darby: because he had been often bound with fetters and chains, and the chains had been torn asunder by him, and the fetters were shattered; and no one was able to subdue him.
ASV: because that he had been often bound with fetters and chains, and the chains had been rent asunder by him, and the fetters broken in pieces: and no man had strength to tame him.
| διὰ | because |
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Parse: Preposition Root: διά Sense: through. |
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| τὸ | that |
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Parse: Article, Accusative Neuter Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| πολλάκις | often |
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Parse: Adverb Root: πολλάκις Sense: often, frequently. |
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| πέδαις | with shackles |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Plural Root: πέδη Sense: a fetter, shackle for the feet. |
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| ἁλύσεσιν | chains |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Plural Root: ἅλυσις Sense: a chain, bond by which the body or any part of it (hands, feet) is bound. |
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| δεδέσθαι | had been bound |
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Parse: Verb, Perfect Infinitive Middle or Passive Root: δέω Sense: to bind tie, fasten. |
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| διεσπάσθαι | had been torn in two |
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Parse: Verb, Perfect Infinitive Middle or Passive Root: διασπάω Sense: to rend asunder, break asunder. |
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| ἁλύσεις | chains |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Plural Root: ἅλυσις Sense: a chain, bond by which the body or any part of it (hands, feet) is bound. |
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| πέδας | shackles |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Plural Root: πέδη Sense: a fetter, shackle for the feet. |
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| συντετρῖφθαι | had been shattered |
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Parse: Verb, Perfect Infinitive Middle or Passive Root: συντρίβω Sense: break, to break in pieces, shiver. |
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| οὐδεὶς | no one |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: οὐδείς Sense: no one, nothing. |
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| ἴσχυεν | was able |
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Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἰσχύω Sense: to be strong. |
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| δαμάσαι | to subdue |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Active Root: δαμάζω Sense: to tame. |
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Greek Commentary for Mark 5:4
Perfect passive infinitive, state of completion. With fetters (πεδαις pedais from πεζα peza foot, instep) and chains, bound hand and foot, but all to no purpose. The English plural of foot is feet (Anglo-Saxon fot, fet) and fetter is feeter. [source]
Drawn Perfect passive infinitive. Broken in pieces (συντετριπται suntetriphthai Perfect passive infinitive again, from συντριβω suntribō to rub together. Rubbed together, crushed together. Perhaps the neighbours who told the story could point to broken fragments of chains and fetters. The fetters may have been cords, or even wooden stocks and not chains. No man had strength to tame him Imperfect tense. He roamed at will like a lion in the jungle. [source]
(συντετριπται suntetriphthai Perfect passive infinitive again, from συντριβω suntribō to rub together. Rubbed together, crushed together. Perhaps the neighbours who told the story could point to broken fragments of chains and fetters. The fetters may have been cords, or even wooden stocks and not chains. [source]
Imperfect tense. He roamed at will like a lion in the jungle. [source]
πέδη , fetter, is akin to πέζα, the instep; just as the Latin pedica, a shackle, is related to pes, a foot. The Anglo-Saxon plural of fot (foot )is fet; so that fetter is feeter. So Chaucer:“The pure fetters on his shinnes greteWere of his bitter salte teres wete.” Αλυσιν (derivation uncertain) is a chain, a generic word, denoting a bond which might be on any part of the body. [source]
The verb συντρίβω means originally to rub together, to grind or crush. It has been suggested that the fetters might have been of cords which could be rubbed to pieces. Wyc. renders, Had broken the stocks to small gobbets. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Mark 5:4
Lit., exceedingly beyond measure. A strong expression peculiar to Mark. Ἐξίσταντο , were amazed. Compare the cognate noun ἔκστασις , and see on Mark 5:42. [source]
See on Mark 5:41. [source]
See on Mark 5:42. [source]
Compare Mark 5:4, and see note there.Was driven, etcPeculiar to Luke. [source]
See on Mark 5:4. [source]
See on Matthew 8:28. Compare Mark 5:4-6. [source]
Lit., amazement took hold on all, as Rev. On ἔκστασις , amazement, see on Mark 5:42. [source]
This parenthesis is given by Luke alone and explains that, though a councillor (βουλευτης bouleutēs Mark 5:43) he had not agreed to the vote of the Sanhedrin. It is fairly certain that both Joseph and Nicodemus were suspected of sympathy with Jesus and so were not invited to the trial of Jesus. [source]
Something out of its place, as the mind. Here the people were almost beside themselves as we say with the same idiom. See note on Mark 5:42. So they kept glorifying God (imperfect tense, edoxazon) and at the same time “were filled with fear” (eplēsthēsan phobou aorist passive). [source]
(η παις hē pais) rather than Mark‘s (Mark 5:41) το κορασιον to korasion (vernacular Koiné). [source]
Common verb for rubbing together, crushing together like chains (Mark 5:4) or as a vase (Mark 14:3). See notes on Matthew 17:15 and notes on Mark 9:17 for discussion of details here. [source]
Literally, “It tears him with (accompanied with, μετα meta) foam” (old word, απρος aphros only here in the N.T.). From σπαρασσω sparassō to convulse, a common verb, but in the N.T. only here and Mark 1:26; Mark 9:26 (and συνσπαρασσω sunsparassō Mark 9:20). See Mark 9:17; and note on Matthew 17:15 for variations in the symptoms in each Gospel. The use of μετα απρου meta aphrou is a medical item.Hardly (μολις molis). Late word used in place of μογις mogis the old Greek term (in some MSS. here) and alone in Luke‘s writings in the N.T. save 1 Peter 4:18; Romans 5:7.Bruising him sorely Common verb for rubbing together, crushing together like chains (Mark 5:4) or as a vase (Mark 14:3). See notes on Matthew 17:15 and notes on Mark 9:17 for discussion of details here. [source]
See on Mark 5:42; and compare Luke 5:26. [source]
Rev., more correctly, I fell into a trance; the verb meaning to become, rather than the simple to be. On trance, see note on astonishment, Mark 5:42; and compare note on Acts 10:10. [source]
See on Mark 5:4. [source]
Lit.,an ecstasy fell upon him. The best texts, however, read ἐγένετο , came upon him, orhappened to him. See on astonishment, Mark 5:42. Luke alone employs the word in this sense of ecstasy or trance. [source]
See same verb in Acts 21:30. To be bound (δετηναι dethēnai). First aorist passive infinitive of δεω de (see Acts 21:11). With two chains Instrumental case of αλυσις halusis old word from α a privative and λυω luō (not loosing, i.e. chaining). With two chains as a violent and seditious person, probably leader of a band of assassins (Acts 21:38). See Mark 5:4. Inquired (epunthaneto). Imperfect middle of punthanomai old and common verb used mainly by Luke in the N.T. Lysias repeated his inquiries. Who he was Present active optative of πυντανομαι eimi changed from τις ειη estin (present indicative) in the indirect question, a change not obligatory after a past tense, but often done in the older Greek, rare in the N.T. (Robertson, Grammar, p. 1043f.). And what he had done (ειμι kai tōi estin pepoiēkōs). Periphrastic perfect active indicative of εστιν poieō here retained, not changed to the optative as is true of και τι εστιν πεποιηκως eiē from ποιεω estin in the same indirect question, illustrating well the freedom about it. [source]
Second aorist (effective) active participle of ekball a rather strong word, perhaps with some difficulty. Cf. Mark 5:40 which incident Peter may have recalled. The words are not genuine in Luke 8:54. Peter‘s praying alone reminds one of Elijah (1 Kings 17:20) and the widow‘s son and Elisha for the Shunammite‘s son (2 Kings 4:33). [source]
With sublime faith like Taleitha koum of Jesus in Mark 5:41. She sat up (anekathisen). Effective aorist active indicative of anakathizō Often in medical writers, only here in the N.T. and Luke 7:15 where Westcott and Hort have in the margin the uncompounded form ekathisen Vivid picture. [source]
Instrumental case of αλυσις halusis old word from α a privative and λυω luō (not loosing, i.e. chaining). With two chains as a violent and seditious person, probably leader of a band of assassins (Acts 21:38). See Mark 5:4. Inquired (epunthaneto). Imperfect middle of punthanomai old and common verb used mainly by Luke in the N.T. Lysias repeated his inquiries. Who he was Present active optative of πυντανομαι eimi changed from τις ειη estin (present indicative) in the indirect question, a change not obligatory after a past tense, but often done in the older Greek, rare in the N.T. (Robertson, Grammar, p. 1043f.). And what he had done (ειμι kai tōi estin pepoiēkōs). Periphrastic perfect active indicative of εστιν poieō here retained, not changed to the optative as is true of και τι εστιν πεποιηκως eiē from ποιεω estin in the same indirect question, illustrating well the freedom about it. [source]
First aorist passive subjunctive of διασπαω diaspaō to draw in two, to tear in pieces, old verb, in the N.T. only here and Mark 5:4 of tearing chains in two. The subjunctive with μη mē is the common construction after a verb of fearing (Robertson, Grammar, p. 995). The soldiers (το στρατευμα to strateuma). The army, the band of soldiers and so in Acts 23:27. To go down Second aorist active participle of καταβαινω katabainō having gone down. Take him by force (αρπασαι harpasai). To seize. The soldiers were to seize and save Paul from the midst of (εκ μεσου ek mesou) the rabbis or preachers (in their rage to get at each other). Paul was more of a puzzle to Lysias now than ever. [source]
A dashing to pieces. Only here. The kindred verb συντρίβω tobreak in pieces, shiver, is frequent. See Mark 5:4; Mark 14:3; Revelation 2:27, etc. [source]
See on Mark 5:4; see on Luke 9:39. [source]
See on Luke 24:22; see on Acts 2:7; and see on the kindred ἔκστασις astonishment Mark 5:42. Some such charge appears to have been made, as at Acts 26:24. [source]
Second aorist active indicative of εχιστημι existēmi old verb, here to stand out of oneself (intransitive) from εκστασις ekstasis ecstasy, comes as in Mark 5:42. It is literary plural, for Paul is referring only to himself. See note on 2 Corinthians 1:6 for ειτεειτε eite -eite It is a condition of the first class and Paul assumes as true the charge that he was crazy (if I was crazy) for the sake of argument. Festus made it later (Acts 26:24). He spoke with tongues (1 Corinthians 14:18) and had visions (2 Corinthians 12:1-6) which probably the Judaizers used against him. A like charge was made against Jesus (Mark 3:21). People often accuse those whom they dislike with being a bit off. [source]
Once in Paul, Ephesians 6:20. Several times in Mark, Luke, and Acts. It may mean handcuffs or manacles (see Lightfoot, Philippians, ed. of 1896, page 8), but is not limited to that sense either in classical or later Greek. See Hdt. ix. 74; Eurip. Orest. 984. Mark 5:4is not decisive. [source]
Old adjective Present passive indicative of δεδαμασται damazō old verb kin to Latin dominus and English tame, in N.T. only in this passage and Mark 5:4. The present tense gives the general picture of the continuous process through the ages of man‘s lordship over the animals as stated in Genesis 1:28.Hath been tamed Perfect passive indicative of the same verb, repeated to present the state of conquest in some cases (domestic animals, for instance).By mankind (πυσις tēi phusei tēi anthrōpinēi). Instrumental case with repeated article and repetition also of αντρωπινος phusis “by the nature the human.” For anthrōpinos see Acts 17:25. [source]
Present passive indicative of δεδαμασται damazō old verb kin to Latin dominus and English tame, in N.T. only in this passage and Mark 5:4. The present tense gives the general picture of the continuous process through the ages of man‘s lordship over the animals as stated in Genesis 1:28. [source]
Old word diminutive from τηρ thēr and so “little beasts” originally, then wild animals in general (Mark 1:13), or quadrupeds as here. These four classes of animals come from Genesis 9:2.Birds (πετεινων peteinōn). Old word for flying animals (from πετομαι petomai to word from ερπω herpō to crawl (Latin serpo), hence serpents.Things in the sea Old adjective Present passive indicative of δεδαμασται damazō old verb kin to Latin dominus and English tame, in N.T. only in this passage and Mark 5:4. The present tense gives the general picture of the continuous process through the ages of man‘s lordship over the animals as stated in Genesis 1:28.Hath been tamed Perfect passive indicative of the same verb, repeated to present the state of conquest in some cases (domestic animals, for instance).By mankind (πυσις tēi phusei tēi anthrōpinēi). Instrumental case with repeated article and repetition also of αντρωπινος phusis “by the nature the human.” For anthrōpinos see Acts 17:25. [source]
First aorist active imperative of πεντεω pentheō old verb from πεντος penthos (mourning, James 4:9), as in Matthew 5:4. Often in N.T. joined as here with κλαιω klaiō to weep (Mark 16:10; Luke 6:25). A call to the godly sorrow spoken of in 2 Corinthians 7:10 (Mayor), like an O.T. prophet.Weep (κλαυσατε klausate). First aorist active imperative of κλαιω klaiō (γελως gelōs). Old word from Homer down, only here in N.T. as γελαω gelaō to laugh (opposite of κλαιω klaiō), in N.T. only in Luke 6:21, Luke 6:25, but καταγελαω katagelaō in Luke 8:53 (Mark 5:40; Matthew 9:24).Be turned Second aorist passive imperative of μετατρεπω metatrepō old word, to turn about, to transmute, in Homer (not in Attic), here only in N.T.Heaviness (κατηπειαν katēpheian). Old word from κατηπης katēphēs (of a downcast look, from κατα kata παη phaē eyes), hanging down of the eyes like the publican in Luke 18:13, here only in N.T. [source]
First aorist active imperative of κλαιω klaiō Old word from Homer down, only here in N.T. as γελαω gelaō to laugh (opposite of κλαιω klaiō), in N.T. only in Luke 6:21, Luke 6:25, but καταγελαω katagelaō in Luke 8:53 (Mark 5:40; Matthew 9:24). [source]
See on Mark 5:4. Only here in John's writings. [source]
The A.V. follows the reading συντριβήσεται , the future tense of the verb. The correct reading is συντρίβεται , the present tense. Render therefore, as Rev., “as the vessels of the potter are broken.” See on Mark 5:4, and see on bruising, Luke 9:39. The σύν togethergives the picture of the fragments collapsing into a heap. [source]