KJV: And, behold, there arose a great tempest in the sea, insomuch that the ship was covered with the waves: but he was asleep.
YLT: and lo, a great tempest arose in the sea, so that the boat was being covered by the waves, but he was sleeping,
Darby: and behold, the water became very agitated on the sea, so that the ship was covered by the waves; but he slept.
ASV: And behold, there arose a great tempest in the sea, insomuch that the boat was covered with the waves: but he was asleep.
ἰδοὺ | behold |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Imperative Active, 2nd Person Singular Root: ἰδού Sense: behold, see, lo. |
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σεισμὸς | a storm |
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: σεισμός Sense: a shaking, a commotion. |
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μέγας | great |
Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: μέγας Sense: great. |
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ἐγένετο | arose |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Middle, 3rd Person Singular Root: γίνομαι Sense: to become, i. |
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θαλάσσῃ | sea |
Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Singular Root: θάλασσα Sense: the sea. |
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ὥστε | so that |
Parse: Conjunction Root: ὥστε Sense: so that, insomuch that. |
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πλοῖον | boat |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Neuter Singular Root: πλοῖον Sense: a ship. |
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καλύπτεσθαι | was being swamped |
Parse: Verb, Present Infinitive Middle or Passive Root: καλύπτω Sense: to hide, veil. |
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κυμάτων | waves |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Neuter Plural Root: κῦμα Sense: a wave (swell) esp. of the sea or of a lake. |
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αὐτὸς | He Himself |
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Nominative Masculine 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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δὲ | however |
Parse: Conjunction Root: δέ Sense: but, moreover, and, etc. |
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ἐκάθευδεν | was sleeping |
Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: καθεύδω Sense: to fall asleep, drop off to sleep. |
Greek Commentary for Matthew 8:24
Imperfect, was sleeping. Picturesque scene. The Sea of Galilee is 680 feet below the Mediterranean Sea. These sudden squalls come down from the summit of Hermon with terrific force (σεισμος μεγας seismos megas) like an earthquake. Mark (Mark 4:37) and Luke (Luke 8:23) term it a whirlwind (λαιλαπς lailaps) in furious gusts. [source]
Lit., shaking. Used of an earthquake. The narrative indicates a sudden storm. Dr. Thomson (“Land and Book”) says: “Such winds are not only violent, but they come down suddenly, and often when the sky is perfectly clear … .To understand the causes of these sudden and violent tempests we must remember that the lake lies low - six hundred and eighty feet below the sea; that the mountainous plateau of the Jaulan rises to a considerable height, spreading backward to the wilds of the Hauran, and upward to snowy Hermon; that the water-courses have worn or washed out profound ravines and wild gorges, converging to the head of this lake; and that these act like great funnels to draw down the cold winds from the mountains.” [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Matthew 8:24
So Luke. Distinctively a furious storm or hurricane. Compare Septuagint, Job 21:18. Matthew uses σεισμὸς a shaking. See on Matthew 8:24. Mr. Macgregor (“Rob Roy on the Jordan”) says that “on the sea of Galilee the wind has a singular force and suddenness; and this is no doubt because that sea is so deep in the world that the sun rarefies the air in it enormously, and the wind, speeding swiftly above a long and level plateau, gathers much force as it sweeps through flat deserts, until suddenly it meets this huge gap in the way, and it tumbles down here irresistible.” [source]
Mark‘s vivid historical present again. Matthew 8:24 has εγενετο egeneto (arose) and Luke 8:23 κατεβη katebē (came down). Luke has also λαιλαπς lailaps but Matthew σεισμος seismos (tempest), a violent upheaval like an earthquake. Λαιλαπς Lailaps is an old word for these cyclonic gusts or storms. Luke‘s “came down” shows that the storm fell suddenly from Mount Hermon down into the Jordan Valley and smote the Sea of Galilee violently at its depth of 682 feet below the Mediterranean Sea. The hot air at this depth draws the storm down with sudden power. These sudden storms continue to this day on the Sea of Galilee. The word occurs in the lxx of the whirlwind out of which God answered Job (Job 38:1) and in Jonah 1:4. [source]
Imperfect tense (were beating) vividly picturing the rolling over the sides of the boat “so that the boat was covered with the waves” (Matthew 8:24). Mark has it: “insomuch that the boat was now filling” Graphic description of the plight of the disciples. [source]
Mark also mentions the cushion or bolster and the stern of the boat Matthew 8:24 notes that Jesus was sleeping He was worn out from the toil of this day. [source]
See Mark 4:37. Matthew has σεισμὸς , a shaking. See on Matthew 8:24. [source]
More vivid than either Matthew or Mark, who have there arose. The word describes the action of the sudden storms which literally come down from the heights surrounding the lake. See on Matthew 8:24. [source]
Second aorist active indicative of καταβαινω katabainō common verb. It was literally true. These wind storms Mark‘s (Mark 4:37) vivid use of the dramatic present γινεται ginetai (ariseth) is not so precise as Luke‘s “came down.” See note on Matthew 8:24. These sudden squalls were dangerous on this small lake.They were filling (συνεπληρουντο suneplērounto). Imperfect passive. It was the boat that was being filled (Mark 4:37) and it is here applied to the navigators as sailors sometimes spoke. An old verb, but in the N.T. used only by Luke (Luke 8:23; Luke 9:51; Acts 2:1).Were in jeopardy Imperfect active, vivid description. Old verb, but in the N.T. only here, Acts 19:27; 1 Corinthians 15:30. [source]
Against what? Some say, the island of Crete; in which case they would have been driven against the island, whereas we are told that they were driven away from it. Others, the ship. It is objected that the pronoun αὐτῆς it, is feminine, while the feminine noun for ship ( ναῦς ) is not commonly used by Luke, but rather the neuter, πλοῖον . I do not think this objection entitled to much weight. Luke is the only New Testament writer who uses ναῦς (see Acts 27:41), though he uses it but once; and, as Hackett remarks, “it would be quite accidental which of the terms would shape the pronoun at this moment, as they were both so familiar.” A third explanation refers the pronoun to the island of Crete, and renders, “there beat down from it. ” This is grammatical, and according to a well-known usage of the preposition. The verb βάλλω is also used intransitively in the sense of tofall; thus Homer Iliad,” xi., 722), of a riverfalling into the sea. Compare Mark 4:37: “the the waves beat ( ἐπέβαλλεν ) into the ship;” and Luke 15:12the portion of goods thatfalleth ( ἐπιβάλλον ) to me.” The rendering of the Rev. is, therefore, well supported, and, on the whole, preferable' there beat down from it. It is also according to the analogy of the expression in Luke 8:23, there came down a storm. See note there, and see on Matthew 8:24. [source]
Waves (Matthew 8:24, from κυεω kueō to swell) wild (from αγρος agros field, wild honey Matthew 3:4) like untamed animals of the forest or the sea. [source]
Lit., shaking. Used also of a tempest. See on Matthew 8:24, and compare Matthew 24:7. The word here is not necessarily confined to shaking the earth. In Matthew 24:29, it is predicted that the powers of the heavens shall be shaken ( σαλευθήσονται , see on Luke 21:26). Here also the heaven is removed (Revelation 6:14). Compare Hebrews 12:26, where the verb σείω toshake (kindred with σεισμὸς ) is used. [source]