KJV: And the third angel poured out his vial upon the rivers and fountains of waters; and they became blood.
YLT: And the third messenger did pour out his vial to the rivers, and to the fountains of the waters, and there came blood,
Darby: And the third poured out his bowl on the rivers, and on the fountains of waters; and they became blood.
ASV: And the third poured out his bowl into the rivers and the fountains of the waters; and it became blood.
τρίτος | third |
Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: τρίτον Sense: the third. |
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ἐξέχεεν | poured out |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἐκχέω Sense: to pour out, shed forth. |
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φιάλην | bowl |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: φιάλη Sense: a broad shallow bowl, deep saucer. |
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αὐτοῦ | of him |
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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εἰς | into |
Parse: Preposition Root: εἰς Sense: into, unto, to, towards, for, among. |
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ποταμοὺς | rivers |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Plural Root: ποταμός Sense: a stream, a river. |
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πηγὰς | springs |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Plural Root: πηγή Sense: fountain, spring. |
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τῶν | of the |
Parse: Article, Genitive Neuter Plural Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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ὑδάτων | waters |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Neuter Plural Root: ὕδωρ Sense: water. |
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ἐγένετο | they became |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Middle, 3rd Person Singular Root: γίνομαι Sense: to become, i. |
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αἷμα | blood |
Parse: Noun, Nominative Neuter Singular Root: αἷμα Sense: blood. |
Greek Commentary for Revelation 16:4
See Revelation 8:10 for this phrase. Contamination of the fresh-water supply by blood follows that of the sea. Complete again. [source]
Omit angel. [source]
There is no necessity for rendering the singular verb in the plural. We may say either it became or there came. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Revelation 16:4
Second aorist active indicative of απερχομαι aperchomai (redundant use like υπαγετε hupagete with εκχεετε ekcheete “go and pour out,” in Revelation 16:1) and of εκχεω ekcheō Each angel “went off” to perform his task. For εχεχεεν execheen see it repeated in Revelation 16:3, Revelation 16:4, Revelation 16:8, Revelation 16:10, Revelation 16:12, Revelation 16:17. [source]
This same use of εις eis after εχεχεεν execheen in Revelation 16:3, Revelation 16:4.It became (εγενετο egeneto). “There came” (second aorist middle indicative of γινομαι ginomai).A noisome and grievous sore “Bad and malignant sore.” ελκος Helkos is old word for a suppurated wound (Latin ulcus), here, Revelation 16:11; Luke 16:21. See the sixth Egyptian plague (Exodus 9:10; Deuteronomy 28:27, Deuteronomy 28:35) and Job 2:7. The magicians were attacked in Egypt and the worshippers of Caesar here (Revelation 13:17; Revelation 14:9, Revelation 14:11; Revelation 19:20). [source]
Not εις eis (into) as in Revelation 16:2, Revelation 16:3, Revelation 16:4. The fourth trumpet (Revelation 8:12) affected a third of the sun, moon, and stars with a plague of darkness, but here it is a plague of extreme heat. [source]
All men breathe the air and this is worse than the smiting of the earth (Revelation 16:2), the sea (Revelation 16:3), the fresh waters (Revelation 16:4), the sun (Revelation 16:8). [source]
The Holy Spirit, speaking through the prophets or the Spirit of prophecy (Revelation 2:7; Revelation 16:4; Revelation 18:24), joins with the bride (Revelation 21:2), the people of God, in a response to the voice of Jesus just heard. After the picture of heaven in Revelation 22:1-5 there is intense longing (Revelation 19:7) of God‘s people for the consummation of the marriage of the Lamb and the Bride. So now “the prophets and the saints” (Swete) make a common plea to the Lord Jesus to “come” The call for Christ is to be repeated by every hearer (ο ακουων ho akouōn) as in Revelation 1:3. [source]
“Shall shepherd them,” future active of ποιμαινω poimainō (from ποιμην poimēn shepherd), in John 21:16; Acts 20:28; 1 Peter 5:2; Revelation 2:27; Revelation 7:17; Revelation 12:5; Revelation 19:15. Jesus is still the Good Shepherd of his sheep (John 10:11, John 10:14.). Cf. Psalm 23:1.Shall guide them (οδη γησει αυτους hodē gēsei autous). Future active of οδηγεω hodēgeō old word (from οδηγος hodēgos guide, Matthew 15:14), used of God‘s guidance of Israel (Exodus 15:13), of God‘s guidance of individual lives (Psalm 5:9), of the guidance of the Holy Spirit (John 16:13), of Christ‘s own guidance here (cf. John 14:4; Revelation 14:4).Unto fountains of waters of life The language is like that in Isaiah 49:10; Jeremiah 2:13. Note the order, “to life‘s water springs” (Swete) like the Vulgate ad vitae fontes aquarum, with emphasis on ζωης zōēs (life‘s). For this idea see also John 4:12, John 4:14; John 7:38.; Revelation 21:6; Revelation 22:1, Revelation 22:17. No special emphasis on the plural here or in Revelation 8:10; Revelation 14:7; Revelation 16:4.And God shall wipe away (και εχαλειπσει ο τεος kai exaleipsei ho theos). Repeated in Revelation 21:4 from Isaiah 25:8. Future active of εχαλειπω exaleiphō old compound, to wipe out (εχ ex), off, away, already in Revelation 3:5 for erasing a name and in Acts 3:19 for removing the stain (guilt) of sin.Every tear Old word, with other form, δακρυ dakru in Luke 7:38, Luke 7:44. Note repetition of εκ ek with οπταλμων ophthalmōn (out of their eyes). “Words like these of Revelation 7:15-17 must sound as a divine music in the ears of the persecuted. God will comfort as a mother comforts” (Baljon). [source]
The language is like that in Isaiah 49:10; Jeremiah 2:13. Note the order, “to life‘s water springs” (Swete) like the Vulgate ad vitae fontes aquarum, with emphasis on ζωης zōēs (life‘s). For this idea see also John 4:12, John 4:14; John 7:38.; Revelation 21:6; Revelation 22:1, Revelation 22:17. No special emphasis on the plural here or in Revelation 8:10; Revelation 14:7; Revelation 16:4.And God shall wipe away (και εχαλειπσει ο τεος kai exaleipsei ho theos). Repeated in Revelation 21:4 from Isaiah 25:8. Future active of εχαλειπω exaleiphō old compound, to wipe out (εχ ex), off, away, already in Revelation 3:5 for erasing a name and in Acts 3:19 for removing the stain (guilt) of sin.Every tear Old word, with other form, δακρυ dakru in Luke 7:38, Luke 7:44. Note repetition of εκ ek with οπταλμων ophthalmōn (out of their eyes). “Words like these of Revelation 7:15-17 must sound as a divine music in the ears of the persecuted. God will comfort as a mother comforts” (Baljon). [source]