KJV: For all nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, and the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of her delicacies.
YLT: because of the wine of the wrath of her whoredom have all the nations drunk, and the kings of the earth with her did commit whoredom, and merchants of the earth from the power of her revel were made rich.
Darby: because all the nations have drunk of the wine of the fury of her fornication; and the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth have been enriched through the might of her luxury.
ASV: For by the wine of the wrath of her fornication all the nations are fallen; and the kings of the earth committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth waxed rich by the power of her wantonness.
| οἴνου | wine |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: οἶνος Sense: wine. |
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| τοῦ | of the |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| θυμοῦ | wrath |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: θυμός Sense: passion, angry, heat, anger forthwith boiling up and soon subsiding again. |
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| τῆς | of the |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| πορνείας | sexual immorality |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: πορνεία Sense: illicit sexual intercourse. |
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| αὐτῆς | of her |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive Feminine 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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| πέπωκαν | have drunk |
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Parse: Verb, Perfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: πίνω Sense: to drink. |
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| ἔθνη | nations |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Neuter Plural Root: ἔθνος Sense: a multitude (whether of men or of beasts) associated or living together. |
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| βασιλεῖς | kings |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: βασιλεύς Sense: leader of the people, prince, commander, lord of the land, king. |
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| γῆς | earth |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: γῆ Sense: arable land. |
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| αὐτῆς | her |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive Feminine 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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| ἐπόρνευσαν | have committed sexual immorality |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: πορνεύω Sense: to prostitute one’s body to the lust of another. |
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| ἔμποροι | merchants |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: ἔμπορος Sense: one on a journey, whether by sea or by land, esp. |
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| ἐκ | through |
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Parse: Preposition Root: ἐκ Sense: out of, from, by, away from. |
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| δυνάμεως | power |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: δύναμις Sense: strength power, ability. |
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| τοῦ | of the |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Neuter Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| στρήνους | sensuality |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Neuter Singular Root: στρῆνος Sense: excessive strength which longs to break forth, over strength. |
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| ἐπλούτησαν | have been enriched |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: πλουτέω Sense: to be rich, to have abundance. |
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Greek Commentary for Revelation 18:3
“As a result of.” Some MSS. omit “of the wine” Cf. Revelation 14:10; Revelation 16:10. [source]
Perfect active third personal of πιπτω piptō for usual πεπτωκασι peptōkasi Some MSS. read πεπωκαν pepōkan (have drunk), from πινω pinō like the metaphor in Revelation 14:8, Revelation 14:10; Revelation 16:19; Revelation 17:2. See Revelation 17:2 for the same charge about the kings of the earth.The merchants of the earth (οι εμποροι της γης hoi emporoi tēs gēs). Old word for one on a journey for trade (from εν πορος enεμποριον poros), like drummers, in N.T. only Matthew 13:45; Revelation 18:3, Revelation 18:11, Revelation 18:15, Revelation 18:23. Like εμπορευομαι emporion (John 2:16) and επλουτησαν emporeuomai (James 4:13).Waxed rich First ingressive aorist active indicative of του στρηνους αυτης plouteō to be rich (cf. Revelation 3:17). Here alone in the N.T. do we catch a glimpse of the vast traffic between east and west that made Rome rich.Of her wantonness (στρηνιαω tou strēnous autēs). Late word for arrogance, luxury, here alone in N.T. See strēniaō in Revelation 18:7, Revelation 18:9, to live wantonly. [source]
Old word for one on a journey for trade (from εν πορος enεμποριον poros), like drummers, in N.T. only Matthew 13:45; Revelation 18:3, Revelation 18:11, Revelation 18:15, Revelation 18:23. Like εμπορευομαι emporion (John 2:16) and επλουτησαν emporeuomai (James 4:13). [source]
First ingressive aorist active indicative of του στρηνους αυτης plouteō to be rich (cf. Revelation 3:17). Here alone in the N.T. do we catch a glimpse of the vast traffic between east and west that made Rome rich.Of her wantonness (στρηνιαω tou strēnous autēs). Late word for arrogance, luxury, here alone in N.T. See strēniaō in Revelation 18:7, Revelation 18:9, to live wantonly. [source]
Late word for arrogance, luxury, here alone in N.T. See strēniaō in Revelation 18:7, Revelation 18:9, to live wantonly. [source]
Some, however, read πέπτωκαν havefallen. So Rev. [source]
Thus if we read have drunk. If we adopt have fallen, ἐκ is instrumental, by. So Rev. [source]
The wine of fornication has turned to wrath against herself. [source]
The word originally means one on a journey by sea or land, especially for traffic. Hence a merchant as distinguished from κάπηλος a retailer or huckster. [source]
Lit., as Rev., the power of her luxury. Στρῆνος is akin to στερεός firmhard, stubborn (see on steadfast, 1 Peter 5:9). Hence over-strength, luxury, wantonness. Only here in the New Testament. The kindred verb στρηνιάω tolive deliciously occurs Revelation 18:7, Revelation 18:9. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Revelation 18:3
Not, have begun, but rather, whenever they shall come to wax wanton. Comp. 2 Thessalonians 1:10. The compound verb, signifying to feel the sexual impulse, only here, and not in lxx or Class. The simple verb, στρηνιᾶν torun riot, Revelation 18:7, Revelation 18:9and the kindred στρῆνος luxury Revelation 18:3. See note. [source]
See on Revelation 18:3. [source]
Repeated in Revelation 1:5; Revelation 6:15; Revelation 17:18; Revelation 18:3, Revelation 18:9; Revelation 19:19; Revelation 21:24 and “the kings of the inhabited earth” (Revelation 16:14) either for human rulers in general or the vassal kings absorbed by the Roman Empire. [source]
First aorist active indicative of πορνευω porneuō “In purchasing the favour of Rome by accepting her suzerainty and with it her vices and idolatries” (Swete).Were made drunken (εμετυστησαν emethusthēsan). First aorist passive indicative of μετυσκω methuskō old verb (from μετυ methu), as in Luke 12:45, here only in the Apocalypse. Cf. Isaiah 51:7 and πεποτικεν pepotiken in Revelation 14:8. See Revelation 18:3. [source]
First aorist passive indicative of μετυσκω methuskō old verb (from μετυ methu), as in Luke 12:45, here only in the Apocalypse. Cf. Isaiah 51:7 and πεποτικεν pepotiken in Revelation 14:8. See Revelation 18:3. [source]
Perfect active third personal of πιπτω piptō for usual πεπτωκασι peptōkasi Some MSS. read πεπωκαν pepōkan (have drunk), from πινω pinō like the metaphor in Revelation 14:8, Revelation 14:10; Revelation 16:19; Revelation 17:2. See Revelation 17:2 for the same charge about the kings of the earth.The merchants of the earth (οι εμποροι της γης hoi emporoi tēs gēs). Old word for one on a journey for trade (from εν πορος enεμποριον poros), like drummers, in N.T. only Matthew 13:45; Revelation 18:3, Revelation 18:11, Revelation 18:15, Revelation 18:23. Like εμπορευομαι emporion (John 2:16) and επλουτησαν emporeuomai (James 4:13).Waxed rich First ingressive aorist active indicative of του στρηνους αυτης plouteō to be rich (cf. Revelation 3:17). Here alone in the N.T. do we catch a glimpse of the vast traffic between east and west that made Rome rich.Of her wantonness (στρηνιαω tou strēnous autēs). Late word for arrogance, luxury, here alone in N.T. See strēniaō in Revelation 18:7, Revelation 18:9, to live wantonly. [source]
Old word for one on a journey for trade (from εν πορος enεμποριον poros), like drummers, in N.T. only Matthew 13:45; Revelation 18:3, Revelation 18:11, Revelation 18:15, Revelation 18:23. Like εμπορευομαι emporion (John 2:16) and επλουτησαν emporeuomai (James 4:13). [source]
First aorist imperative of διπλοω diploō old verb (from διπλοος diploos double, Matthew 23:15), here only in N.T. Διπλα Diplā is simply the neuter plural accusative (cognate) contract form for διπλοα diploa (not διπλω diplō). Requite here in double measure, a full requital (Exodus 22:4, Exodus 22:7, Exodus 22:9; Isaiah 40:2; Jeremiah 16:18; Jeremiah 17:18; Zechariah 9:12). The double recompense was according to the Levitical law.Which she mingled (ωι εκερασεν hōi ekerasen). First aorist active indicative of κεραννυμι kerannumi The relative ωι hōi is attracted to the locative case of its antecedent ποτηριωι potēriōi (cup), for which see Revelation 14:8, Revelation 14:10; Revelation 17:4; Revelation 18:3.Mingle unto her double First aorist active imperative of the same verb κεραννυμι kerannumi with the same idea of double punishment. [source]
First aorist active indicative of κεραννυμι kerannumi The relative ωι hōi is attracted to the locative case of its antecedent ποτηριωι potēriōi (cup), for which see Revelation 14:8, Revelation 14:10; Revelation 17:4; Revelation 18:3. [source]
As in Revelation 18:3, Revelation 18:15, Revelation 18:23. The dirge of the merchants follows the wail of the kings. [source]
“Those who grew rich (ingressive aorist active participle of πλουτεω plouteō for which see Revelation 18:3, Revelation 18:13) from her.”Shall stand afar off (απο μακροτεν στησονται apo makrothen stēsontai). Future middle of ιστημι histēmi Repeating the picture in Revelation 18:10. Again in Revelation 18:17. See Revelation 18:11 for the two participles κλαιοντες και πεντουντες klaiontes kai penthountes f0). [source]
Second use of οτι hoti explaining the first.He hath judged (εκρινεν ekrinen). First aorist (prophetic and climacteric, effective) active indicative of κρινω krinō (ητις hētis). The very one which.Did corrupt This is the terrible fact. First aorist active indicative of πτειρω phtheirō Cf. Revelation 11:18; Revelation 14:8; Revelation 17:2; Revelation 18:3.And he hath avenged (και εχεδικησεν kai exedikēsen). God has exacted vengeance for the blood of his servants from (εκ ek) her. Prophetic aorist again of εκδικεω ekdikeō with accusative and εκ ek with ablative as in Revelation 6:10. [source]
This is the terrible fact. First aorist active indicative of πτειρω phtheirō Cf. Revelation 11:18; Revelation 14:8; Revelation 17:2; Revelation 18:3.And he hath avenged (και εχεδικησεν kai exedikēsen). God has exacted vengeance for the blood of his servants from (εκ ek) her. Prophetic aorist again of εκδικεω ekdikeō with accusative and εκ ek with ablative as in Revelation 6:10. [source]
Perfect active indicative of ειπον eipon “They have said,” not an “aoristic” perfect for “they say,” but vivid dramatic perfect as in Revelation 5:7 and the form in αν ̇an instead of ασιν ̇asin as in Revelation 18:3; Revelation 21:6.Goeth up (αναβαινει anabainei). Linear present active indicative of αναβαινω anabainō “keeps on going up,” “a last touch to the description already given (Revelation 18:21.) of Babylon‘s utter collapse” (Swete). The smoke of the city‘s ruin (Revelation 14:11; Revelation 18:8., and Revelation 18:18) instead of incense (Revelation 8:4). Cf. Isaiah 34:9. [source]
Reflexive pronoun, accusative also with εδοχασεν edoxasen wanton First aorist (ingressive) active indicative of στρηνιαω strēniaō (to live luxuriously), verb in late comedy instead of τρυπαω truphaō (James 5:5), from στρηνος strēnos (Revelation 18:3), only here in N.T.So much give her of torment and mourning (τοσουτον δοτε αυτηι βασανισμον και πεντος tosouton dote autēi basanismon kai penthos). Second aorist active imperative of διδωμι didōmi to give. The correlative pronoun τοσουτον tosouton is masculine singular accusative, agreeing with βασανισμον basanismon for which see Revelation 9:5; Revelation 14:11, and is understood with the neuter word πεντος penthos (mourning), in N.T. only in James 4:9; Revelation 18:7.; Revelation 21:4 (kin to πατοσ πενομαι pathosκατημαι βασιλισσα penomai).I sit a queen Predicate nominative for the old form βασιλις basileia Feminine of the adjective πεντος ου μη ιδω chēros (barren), old word (Mark 12:40).Shall in no wise see mourning Confident boast of security with emphatic position of ου μη penthos (see above) and double negative οραω ou mē with the second aorist active subjunctive of horaō (defective verb). [source]
Future direct middle of κοπτω koptō old verb, to beat, to cut, middle to beat oneself (Revelation 1:7). For combination with κλαιω klaiō as here see Luke 8:52. See Revelation 17:2; Revelation 18:3, Revelation 18:7 for οι πορνευσαντες και στρηνιασαντες hoi porneusantes kai strēniasantes).When they look upon (οταν βλεπωσιν hotan blepōsin). Indefinite temporal clause with οταν hotan and the present active subjunctive of βλεπω blepō smoke of her burning (τον καπνον της πυρωσεως αυτης ton kapnon tēs purōseōs autēs). Πυρωσις Purōsis is an old word (from πυροω puroō to burn), in N.T. only 1 Peter 4:12; Revelation 18:9, Revelation 18:18. See Revelation 18:8 for other plagues on Rome, but fire seems to be the worst (Revelation 17:16; Revelation 18:8, Revelation 18:9, Revelation 18:17; Revelation 19:3). [source]