KJV: Salute Tryphena and Tryphosa, who labour in the Lord. Salute the beloved Persis, which laboured much in the Lord.
YLT: salute Tryphaena, and Tryphosa, who are labouring in the Lord; salute Persis, the beloved, who did labour much in the Lord.
Darby: Salute Tryphaena and Tryphosa, who labour in the Lord. Salute Persis, the beloved, who has laboured much in the Lord.
ASV: Salute Tryphaena and Tryphosa, who labor in the Lord. Salute Persis the beloved, who labored much in the Lord.
Ἀσπάσασθε | Greet |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Imperative Middle, 2nd Person Plural Root: ἀπασπάζομαι Sense: to draw to one’s self. |
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Τρύφαιναν | Tryphena |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: Τρύφαινα Sense: a Christian woman. |
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Τρυφῶσαν | Tryphosa |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: Τρυφῶσα Sense: a Christian woman. |
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τὰς | those |
Parse: Article, Accusative Feminine Plural Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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κοπιώσας | toiling |
Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Accusative Feminine Plural Root: κοπιάω Sense: to grow weary, tired, exhausted (with toil or burdens or grief). |
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ἐν | in [the] |
Parse: Preposition Root: ἐν Sense: in, by, with etc. |
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Κυρίῳ | Lord |
Parse: Noun, Dative Masculine Singular Root: κύριος Sense: he to whom a person or thing belongs, about which he has power of deciding; master, lord. |
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Περσίδα | Persis |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: Περσίς Sense: a Christian woman at Rome. |
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ἀγαπητήν | beloved |
Parse: Adjective, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: ἀγαπητός Sense: beloved, esteemed, dear, favourite, worthy of love. |
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πολλὰ | much |
Parse: Adjective, Accusative Neuter Plural Root: πολύς Sense: many, much, large. |
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ἐκοπίασεν | toiled |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: κοπιάω Sense: to grow weary, tired, exhausted (with toil or burdens or grief). |
Greek Commentary for Romans 16:12
Probably sisters and possibly twins. Both names come from the same root, the verb τρυπαω truphaō to live luxuriously (James 5:5). Denney suggests “Dainty and Disdain.” [source]
A freedwoman was so named. She is not Paul‘s “beloved,” but the “beloved” of the whole church. [source]
From τρυφάω tolive luxuriously. See on riot, 2 Peter 2:13. Perhaps sisters. Farrar says they are slave-names. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Romans 16:12
The word may be either masculine or feminine. Commonly explained as deaconess. The term διακόνισσα deaconessis found only in ecclesiastical Greek. The “Apostolical Constitutions” distinguish deaconesses from widows and virgins, prescribe their duties, and a form for their ordination. Pliny the younger, about a.d. 104, appears to refer to them in his letter to Trajan, in which he speaks of the torture of two maids who were called minestrae (female ministers). The office seems to have been confined mainly to widows, though virgins were not absolutely excluded. Their duties were to take care of the sick and poor, to minister to martyrs and confessors in prison, to instruct catechumens, to assist at the baptism of women, and to exercise a general supervision over the female church-members. Tryphaena, Tryphosa, and Persis (Romans 16:12) may have belonged to this class. See on 1 Timothy 5:3-16. Conybeare (“Life and Epistles of St. Paul”) assumes that Phoebe was a widow, on the ground that she could not, according to Greek manners, have been mentioned as acting in the independent manner described, either if her husband had been living or she had been unmarried. Renan says: “Phoebe carried under the folds of her robe the whole future of Christian theology.” [source]
Predicate accusative after ηγειστε hēgeisthe in apposition with μακροτυμιαν makrothumian (long-suffering), an opportunity for repentance (cf. 1 Peter 3:20). The Lord here is Christ.Our beloved brother Paul (ο αγαπητος αδελπος Παυλος ho agapētos adelphos Paulos). Paul applies the verbal αγαπητος agapētos (beloved) to Epaphras (Colossians 1:7), Onesimus (Colossians 4:9; Philemon 1:16), to Tychicus (Colossians 4:7; Ephesians 6:21), and to four brethren in Rom 16 (Epainetus Romans 16:5, Ampliatus Romans 16:8, Stachys Romans 16:9, Persis Romans 16:12). It is not surprising for Peter to use it of Paul in view of Galatians 2:9., in spite of Galatians 2:11-14.Given to him First aorist passive participle of διδωμι didōmi with dative case. Peter claimed wisdom for himself, but recognises that Paul had the gift also. His language here may have caution in it as well as commendation. “St. Peter speaks of him with affection and respect, yet maintains the right to criticise” (Bigg). [source]
Paul applies the verbal αγαπητος agapētos (beloved) to Epaphras (Colossians 1:7), Onesimus (Colossians 4:9; Philemon 1:16), to Tychicus (Colossians 4:7; Ephesians 6:21), and to four brethren in Rom 16 (Epainetus Romans 16:5, Ampliatus Romans 16:8, Stachys Romans 16:9, Persis Romans 16:12). It is not surprising for Peter to use it of Paul in view of Galatians 2:9., in spite of Galatians 2:11-14. [source]
Originally suffering, weariness; hence exhausting labor. The kindred verb κοπιάω is often used of apostolic and ministerial labor (Romans 16:12; 1 Corinthians 15:10; Galatians 4:11). [source]