The Meaning of Amos 8:5 Explained

Amos 8:5

KJV: Saying, When will the new moon be gone, that we may sell corn? and the sabbath, that we may set forth wheat, making the ephah small, and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances by deceit?

YLT: Saying, When doth the new moon pass, And we sell ground corn? And the sabbath, and we open out pure corn? To make little the ephah, And to make great the shekel, And to use perversely balances of deceit.

Darby: saying, When will the new moon be gone, that we may sell corn? and the sabbath, that we may set forth wheat? making the ephah small and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances for deceit:

ASV: saying, When will the new moon be gone, that we may sell grain? and the sabbath, that we may set forth wheat, making the ephah small, and the shekel great, and dealing falsely with balances of deceit;

KJV Reverse Interlinear

Saying,  When will the new moon  be gone,  that we may sell  corn?  and the sabbath,  that we may set forth  wheat,  making the ephah  small,  and the shekel  great,  and falsifying  the balances  by deceit? 

What does Amos 8:5 Mean?

Context Summary

Amos 8:1-14 - The Worst Famine Of All
What is more fragile than summer fruit! So beautiful, so refreshing, yet so readily corrupted and diseased. To Amos it was an emblem of the rapidity with which dissolution would overtake his rebellious nation. The end had arrived. The Great Husbandman could do no more. When the harvest has come, separation between good and bad is inevitable. See Isaiah 5:4; Matthew 13:30.
The crimes of the ruling class were enormous. Eager to increase their stores, they wearied of time given to religion. They grudged passing a day without opening their salesrooms. They did not scruple to make their measures (ephah) small, and to demand a greater weight of money (shekel) from their clients. These were crimes that could not be passed over. It is an awful sentence when God says, "I will never forget," Amos 8:7. Invasion would sweep the land like an inundation. Since the people would not heed the God-sent messengers, they would be withdrawn. There would be a famine of the Word of God, and those who had most despised it, because enamored with the fascinations of youth, would be smitten with an insatiable appetite for it. [source]

Chapter Summary: Amos 8

1  By a basket of summer fruit is shown the approach of Israel's end
4  Oppression is reproved
11  A famine of the word of God threatened

What do the individual words in Amos 8:5 mean?

Saying when will be past the New Moon that we may sell grain and the Sabbath that we may trade wheat Making small the ephah and large the shekel and Falsifying the scales by deceit
לֵאמֹ֗ר מָתַ֞י יַעֲבֹ֤ר הַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ וְנַשְׁבִּ֣ירָה ؟ שֶּׁ֔בֶר וְהַשַּׁבָּ֖ת וְנִפְתְּחָה־ בָּ֑ר לְהַקְטִ֤ין אֵיפָה֙ וּלְהַגְדִּ֣יל שֶׁ֔קֶל וּלְעַוֵּ֖ת מֹאזְנֵ֥י ؟ מִרְמָֽה

לֵאמֹ֗ר  Saying 
Parse: Preposition-l, Verb, Qal, Infinitive construct
Root: אָמַר 
Sense: to say, speak, utter.
יַעֲבֹ֤ר  will  be  past 
Parse: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, third person masculine singular
Root: עָבַר 
Sense: to pass over or by or through, alienate, bring, carry, do away, take, take away, transgress.
הַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙  the  New  Moon 
Parse: Article, Noun, masculine singular
Root: חֹדֶשׁ  
Sense: the new moon, month, monthly.
וְנַשְׁבִּ֣ירָה  that  we  may  sell 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Hifil, Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative, first person common plural
Root: שָׁבַר  
Sense: to buy or purchase grain.
؟ שֶּׁ֔בֶר  grain 
Parse: Noun, masculine singular
Root: שֶׁבֶר  
Sense: grain, corn (as foodstuff).
וְהַשַּׁבָּ֖ת  and  the  Sabbath 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Article, Noun, common singular
Root: שַׁבָּת  
Sense: Sabbath.
וְנִפְתְּחָה־  that  we  may  trade 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Qal, Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative, first person common plural
Root: פָּתַח 
Sense: to open.
בָּ֑ר  wheat 
Parse: Noun, masculine singular
Root: בַּר 
Sense: corn, grain.
לְהַקְטִ֤ין  Making  small 
Parse: Preposition-l, Verb, Hifil, Infinitive construct
Root: קָטֹן  
Sense: to be small, be insignificant.
אֵיפָה֙  the  ephah 
Parse: Noun, feminine singular
Root: אֵיפָה  
Sense: ephah.
וּלְהַגְדִּ֣יל  and  large 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l, Verb, Hifil, Infinitive construct
Root: גָּדַל  
Sense: to grow, become great or important, promote, make powerful, praise, magnify, do great things.
שֶׁ֔קֶל  the  shekel 
Parse: Noun, masculine singular
Root: שֶׁקֶל  
Sense: shekel.
וּלְעַוֵּ֖ת  and  Falsifying 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l, Verb, Piel, Infinitive construct
Root: עָוַת  
Sense: to be bent, be crooked, bend, make crooked, pervert.
מֹאזְנֵ֥י  the  scales  by 
Parse: Noun, mdc
Root: מֹאזְנַיִם  
Sense: scales, balances.
؟ מִרְמָֽה  deceit 
Parse: Noun, feminine singular
Root: מִרְמָה  
Sense: deceit, treachery.