KJV: Now there was leaning on Jesus' bosom one of his disciples, whom Jesus loved.
YLT: And there was one of his disciples reclining (at meat) in the bosom of Jesus, whom Jesus was loving;
Darby: Now there was at table one of his disciples in the bosom of Jesus, whom Jesus loved.
ASV: There was at the table reclining in Jesus bosom one of his disciples, whom Jesus loved.
ἦν | There was |
Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: εἰμί Sense: to be, to exist, to happen, to be present. |
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ἀνακείμενος | reclining |
Parse: Verb, Present Participle Middle or Passive, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ἀνάκειμαι Sense: to lie at a table, eat together, dine. |
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εἷς | one |
Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: εἷς Sense: one. |
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μαθητῶν | disciples |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Plural Root: μαθητής Sense: a learner, pupil, disciple. |
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αὐτοῦ | of Him |
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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κόλπῳ | bosom |
Parse: Noun, Dative Masculine Singular Root: κόλπος Sense: the front of the body between the arms. |
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τοῦ | - |
Parse: Article, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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Ἰησοῦ | of Jesus |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: Ἰησοῦς Sense: Joshua was the famous captain of the Israelites, Moses’ successor. |
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ὃν | whom |
Parse: Personal / Relative Pronoun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: ὅς Sense: who, which, what, that. |
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ἠγάπα | loved |
Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἀγαπάω Sense: of persons. |
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ὁ | - |
Parse: Article, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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Ἰησοῦς | Jesus |
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: Ἰησοῦς Sense: Joshua was the famous captain of the Israelites, Moses’ successor. |
Greek Commentary for John 13:23
No word for “table” in the text. Periphrastic imperfect of ανακειμαι anakeimai to lie back, to recline. Κολπος Kolpos usual word for bosom (John 1:18). Whom Jesus loved Imperfect active of αγαπαω agapaō John‘s description of himself of which he was proud (John 19:26; John 20:2; John 21:7, John 21:20), identified in John 21:24 as the author of the book and necessarily one of the twelve because of the “explicit” (Bernard) language of Mark (Mark 14:17; Luke 22:14). John son of Zebedee and brother of James. At the table John was on the right of Jesus lying obliquely so that his head lay on the bosom of Jesus. The centre, the place of honour, Jesus occupied. The next place in rank was to the left of Jesus, held by Peter (Westcott) or by Judas (Bernard) which one doubts. [source]
The Rev. renders, “there was at the table reclining,” etc. At the table is added because the verb is the general term equivalent to sitting at table. “In Jesus' bosom,” defines John's position relatively to the other guests. As the guests reclined upon the left arm, the feet being stretched out behind, the head of each would be near the breast of his companion on the left. Supposing that Jesus, Peter, and John were together, Jesus would occupy the central place, the place of honor, and John, being in front of Him, could readily lean back and speak to Him. Peter would be behind him. [source]
See on Luke 6:38. The Synoptists do not give this incident.sa40 [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for John 13:23
To be in Abraham‘s bosom is to the Jew to be in Paradise. In John 1:18 the Logos is in the bosom of the Father. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are in heaven and welcome those who come (Matthew 8:11; 4 Maccabees 14:17). The beloved disciple reclined on the bosom of Jesus at the last passover (John 13:23) and this fact indicates special favour. So the welcome to Lazarus was unusual.Was buried (εταπη etaphē). Second aorist (effective) passive of the common verb ταπτω thaptō Apparently in contrast with the angelic visitation to the beggar. [source]
The word for personal affection. In John 13:23; John 21:7, John 21:20, ἠγάπα is used. See on John 5:20. [source]
This word is, literally, to fall upon, and is so rendered in almost every instance in the New Testament. In Mark 3:10, it is applied to the multitudes pressing upon Christ. It occurs, however, nowhere else in John, and therefore some of the best authorities read ἀναπεσὼν , leaning back, a verb which John uses several times in the Gospel, as in John 13:12. So Rev. Whichever of the two is read, it points out the distinction, which the A.V. misses by the translation lying, between ἦν ἀνακείμενος (John 13:23), which describes the reclining position of John throughout the meal, and the sudden change of posture pictured by ἀναπεσὼν , leaning back. The distinction is enforced by the different preposition in each case: reclining in ( ἐν ) Jesus' bosom, and leaning back ( ἀνά ). Again, the words bosom and breast represent different words in the Greek; κόλπος representing more generally the bend formed by the front part of the reclining person, the lap, and στῆθος the breast proper. The verb ἀναπίπτω , to lean back, always in the New Testament describes a change of position. It is used of a rower bending back for a fresh stroke. Plato, in the well-known passage of the “Phaedrus,” in which the soul is described under the figure of two horses and a charioteer, says that when the charioteer beholds the vision of love he is afraid, and falls backward ( ἀνέπεσεν ), so that he brings the steeds upon their haunches. [source]
Literally, those having been sent were. But the best texts omit the article, so that the remaining words form the pluperfect passive: “they had been sent from the Pharisees.” This addition of an explanatory circumstance is characteristic of John. Compare John 1:41, John 1:45; John 9:14; John 11:5, John 11:18; John 13:23. [source]
Old verb to nod, in N.T. only here and Acts 24:10. They were all looking in surprise at each other. Tell us who it is of whom he speaketh Second aorist active imperative with indirect question Peter was cautious, but could not contain his curiosity. John in front of Jesus was in a favourable position to have a whispered word with him. Breast As in John 21:20; Luke 18:13 in place of κολπον kolpon (John 13:23). This is the moment represented in Leonardo da Vinci‘s “Last Supper,” only he shows the figures like the monks for whom he painted it. [source]
Vivid dramatic present indicative of τρεχω trechō John deals only with Mary Magdalene. She left the tomb at once before the rest and without seeing the angels as told in the Synoptics (Mark 16:2-8; Matthew 28:5-8; Luke 24:1-8). Luke (Luke 24:9-12) does not distinguish between the separate report of Mary Magdalene and that of the other women. To Simon Peter Full name as usual in John and back with John and the other disciples. The association of Peter and the other disciple in John 18-21 is like that between Peter and John in Acts 1-5. Loved Imperfect of πιλεω phileō for which see John 5:20; John 11:3 and for distinction from αγαπαω agapaō see John 11:5; John 13:23; John 21:7, John 21:15, John 21:17. They have taken away First aorist active indicative of αιρω airō indefinite plural. We know not Mary associates the other women with her in her ignorance. For ετηκαν ethēkan (have laid) see John 19:42. Mary fears a grave robbery. She has no idea of the resurrection of Jesus. [source]
So in John 12:4; John 13:23; Mark 13:1 without εκ ek Simon Peter‘s brother So described in John 1:40. The great distinction of Andrew was precisely this that he brought Simon to Christ. Philip and Andrew appear together again in John 12:20-22, but in the Synoptics he is distinguished only in Mark 13:3. In the Muratorian Fragment Andrew received the revelation for John to write the Fourth Gospel. [source]