any private
its own interpretation; i.e. not isolated from all that the Word has given elsewhere.
Verse Meaning
Peter wanted to add a word of clarification about Old Testament predictions. "First of all" probably means that what Peter proceeded to say was of first importance. Bible students have recognized that what he said about Messianic prophecy in particular is true of prophecy generally. "Prophecy" is another word for the Word of God since it is what the Old Testament writers "spoke forth," the literal meaning of the Greek word propheteia, translated "prophecy." 2 Peter 1:21 helps explain what Peter meant by the last clause in 2 Peter 1:20. [source][source][source]
Context Summary
2 Peter 1:12-21 - "eye-Witnesses Of His Majesty"
Peter could never forget what the Master had predicted of his death. See John 21:18. Oh, that in our death, whatever be its mode, we may glorify God! The fulfillment of those words was already looming before Peter's eyes, but he had no fear. He describes his home-going by the word used by Moses and Elijah when they spoke of the decease (lit., exodus) which the Lord would accomplish. Compare 2 Peter 1:15 with Luke 9:31, r.v., margin.
Then the whole scene of the Transfiguration rose before his mind. It seemed as if he were again on that holy mount, beholding the majesty of the Lord and hearing the Father's attesting voice. There are three infallible proofs of Christianity: (1) the witness of the Apostles; (2) the light of prophecy as fulfilled in Christ; (3) the testimony of the Holy Spirit. These three burn in the dark night of the present and we may count on them till we see the first glimmer of dawn. Then we shall need no candle, for the Lord God will give us light. [source]
Chapter Summary: 2 Peter 1
1Peter confirms the hope of the increase of God's grace, 5exhorts them, by faith, and good works, to make their calling sure; 12whereof he is careful to remind them, knowing that his death is at hand; 16and assures them of the authenticity of the Gospel, by the eyewitness of the apostles and the prophets
Greek Commentary for 2 Peter 1:20
Knowing this first [τουτο πρωτον γινωσκοντες] Agreeing with ποιειτε poieite like προσεχοντες prosechontes in 2 Peter 1:19. [source]
No prophecy of Scripture [πασα προπητεια ου] Like the Hebrew γινεται lȯkōl but also in the papyri as in 1 John 2:21 (Robertson, Grammar, p. 753).Is (εστιν ginetai). Rather “comes,” “springs” (Alford), not “is” (ιδιας επιλυσεως estin).Of private interpretation Ablative case of origin or source in the predicate as with του τεου gnōmēs in Acts 20:3 and with εχ ημων tou theou and επιλυσις ex hēmōn in 2 Corinthians 4:7. “No prophecy of Scripture comes out of private disclosure,” not “of private interpretation.” The usual meaning of επιλυω epilusis is explanation, but the word does not occur elsewhere in the N.T. It occurs in the papyri in the sense of solution and even of discharge of a debt. Spitta urges “dissolved” as the idea here. The verb epiluō to unloose, to untie, to release, occurs twice in the N.T., once (Mark 4:34) where it can mean “disclose” about parables, the other (Acts 19:39) where it means to decide. It is the prophet‘s grasp of the prophecy, not that of the readers that is here presented, as the next verse shows. [source]
Is [εστιν] Rather “comes,” “springs” (Alford), not “is” (ιδιας επιλυσεως estin). [source]
Of private interpretation [γνωμης] Ablative case of origin or source in the predicate as with του τεου gnōmēs in Acts 20:3 and with εχ ημων tou theou and επιλυσις ex hēmōn in 2 Corinthians 4:7. “No prophecy of Scripture comes out of private disclosure,” not “of private interpretation.” The usual meaning of επιλυω epilusis is explanation, but the word does not occur elsewhere in the N.T. It occurs in the papyri in the sense of solution and even of discharge of a debt. Spitta urges “dissolved” as the idea here. The verb epiluō to unloose, to untie, to release, occurs twice in the N.T., once (Mark 4:34) where it can mean “disclose” about parables, the other (Acts 19:39) where it means to decide. It is the prophet‘s grasp of the prophecy, not that of the readers that is here presented, as the next verse shows. [source]
Is [γίνεται] More literally, arises or originates. [source]
Private [ἰδίας] See on 2 Peter 1:3. His own. Rev., special, in margin. [source]
Interpretation [ἐπιλύσεως] Only here in New Testament. Compare the cognate verb expounded (Mark 4:34:) and determined (Acts 19:39). The usual word is ἑρμηνεία (1 Corinthians 12:10; 1 Corinthians 14:26). Literally, it means loosening, untying, as of hard knots of scripture. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for 2 Peter 1:20
Acts 20:3He determined [εγενετο γνωμης] The best MSS. here read γνωμης gnōmēs (predicate ablative of source like επιλυσεως epiluseōs 2 Peter 1:20, Robertson, Grammar, p. 514), not γνωμη gnōmē (nominative). “He became of opinion.” The Jews had heard of Paul‘s plan to sail for Syria and intended in the hurly-burly either to kill him at the docks in Cenchreae or to push him overboard from the crowded pilgrim ship bound for the passover. Fortunately Paul learned of their plot and so eluded them by going through Macedonia. The Codex Bezae adds here that “the Spirit bade him return into Macedonia.” [source]
Acts 19:39Anything about other matters [τι περαιτερω] Most MSS. here have τι περι ετερων tōi peri heterōn but B b Vulgate read τι περαιτερω tōi peraiterō as in Plato‘s Παεδο Phaedo Several papyri examples of it also. It is comparative περαιτερος peraiteros of περα pera beyond. Note also επι epi in επιζητειτε epizāteite Charges of illegal conduct (Page) should be settled in the regular legal way. But, if you wish to go further and pass resolutions about the matter exciting you, “it shall be settled in the regular assembly” “In the lawful assembly,” not by a mob like this. Wood (Ephesus) quotes an inscription there with this very phrase “at every lawful assembly” The Roman officials alone could give the sanction for calling such a lawful or regular assembly. The verb επιλυω epiluō is an old one, but in the N.T. only here and Mark 4:34 (which see) where Jesus privately opened or disclosed the parables to the disciples. The papyri give examples of the verb in financial transactions as well as of the metaphorical sense. The solution will come in the lawful assembly, not in a riot like this. See also 2 Peter 1:20 where the substantive επιλυσις epilusis occurs for disclosure or revelation (prophecy). [source]
Acts 20:3And a plot was laid against him by the Jews [γενομενης επιβουλης αυτωι υπο των Ιουδαιων] Genitive absolute, “a plot by the Jews having come against him.” Επιβουλη Epiboulē is an old word for a plot against one. In the N.T. only in Acts (Acts 9:24; Acts 20:3,Acts 20:19; Acts 23:30). Please note that this plot is by the Jews, not the Judaizers whom Paul discusses so vehemently in 2 Corinthians 10-13. They had given Paul much anguish of heart as is shown in I Cor. and in 2 Corinthians 1-7, but that trouble seems now past. It is Paul‘s old enemies in Corinth who had cherished all these years their defeat at the hands of Gallio (Acts 18:5-17) who now took advantage of Paul‘s plans for departure to compass his death if possible. As he was about to set sail for Syria (μελλοντι αναγεσται εις την Συριαν mellonti anagesthai eis tēn Surian). The participle μελλοντι mellonti agrees in case (dative) with αυτωι autōi For the sense of intending see also Acts 19:13. Αναγεσται Anagesthai (present middle infinitive) is the common word for putting out to sea (going up, they said, from land) as in Acts 13:13. He determined The best MSS. here read γνωμης gnōmēs (predicate ablative of source like επιλυσεως epiluseōs 2 Peter 1:20, Robertson, Grammar, p. 514), not γνωμη gnōmē (nominative). “He became of opinion.” The Jews had heard of Paul‘s plan to sail for Syria and intended in the hurly-burly either to kill him at the docks in Cenchreae or to push him overboard from the crowded pilgrim ship bound for the passover. Fortunately Paul learned of their plot and so eluded them by going through Macedonia. The Codex Bezae adds here that “the Spirit bade him return into Macedonia.” [source]
Romans 9:16It is not of [ου] We must supply εστιν ελεος estin eleos with ου ou “Mercy is not of.” The articular participles (του τελοντοσ του τρεχοντοσ του ελεωντος tou thelontosελεος tou trechontosclass="normal greek">επιλυσεως tou eleōntos) can be understood as in the genitive with eleos understood (mercy is not a quality of) or as the predicate ablative of source like epiluseōs in 2 Peter 1:20. Paul is fond of the metaphor of running. [source]
2 Timothy 3:16Every scripture inspired of God is also profitable [πασα γραπη τεοπνευστος και ωπελιμος] There are two matters of doubt in this clause. One is the absence of the article η hē before γραπη graphē whether that makes it mean “every scripture” or “all scripture” as of necessity if present. Unfortunately, there are examples both ways with both πας pās and γραπη graphē Twice we find γραπη graphē in the singular without the article and yet definite (1 Peter 2:6; 2 Peter 1:20). We have πας Ισραηλ pās Israēl (Romans 11:26) for all Israel (Robertson, Grammar, p. 772). So far as the grammatical usage goes, one can render here either “all scripture” or “every scripture.” There is no copula (εστιν estin) in the Greek and so one has to insert it either before the και kai or after it. If before, as is more natural, then the meaning is: “All scripture (or every scripture) is inspired of God and profitable.” In this form there is a definite assertion of inspiration. That can be true also of the second way, making “inspired of God” descriptive of “every scripture,” and putting εστιν estin (is) after και kai “All scripture (or every scripture), inspired of God, is also profitable.” [source]
2 Peter 2:1But there arose [εγενοντο δε] Second aorist middle indicative of γινομαι ginomai (cf. γινεται ginetai in 2 Peter 1:20). [source]
2 Peter 2:1False prophets also [και πσευδοπροπηται] In contrast with the true prophets just pictured in 2 Peter 1:20. Late compound in lxx and Philo, common in N.T. (Matthew 7:15). Allusion to the O.T. times like Balaam and others (Jeremiah 6:13; Jeremiah 28:9; Ezekiel 13:9).False teachers (πσευδοδιδασκαλοι pseudodidaskaloi). Late and rare compound (πσευδησ διδασκαλος pseudēsεσονται didaskalos) here alone in N.T. Peter pictures them as in the future here (εισιν esontai shall be) and again as already present (επλανητησαν eisin are, 2 Peter 2:17), or in the past (παρεισαχουσιν eplanēthēsan they went astray, 2 Peter 2:15).Shall privily bring in Future active of παρεισαγω pareisagō late double compound εισαγω pareisagō to bring in Descriptive genitive, “heresies of destruction” (marked by destruction) as in Luke 16:8. αιρεω Hairesis (from αρνουμενοι haireō) is simply a choosing, a school, a sect like that of the Sadducees (Acts 5:17), of the Pharisees (Acts 15:5), and of Christians as Paul admitted (Acts 24:5). These “tenets” (Galatians 5:20) led to destruction.Denying Present middle participle of και τον δεσποτην arneomai This the Gnostics did, the very thing that Peter did, alas (Matthew 26:70) even after Christ‘s words (Matthew 10:33).Even the Master (τον αγορασαντα αυτους kai ton despotēn). Old word for absolute master, here of Christ as in Judges 1:4, and also of God (Acts 4:24). Without the evil sense in our “despot.”That bought them First aorist active articular participle of λυτροω agorazō same idea with ταχινην απωλειαν lutroō in 1 Peter 1:18. These were professing Christians, at any rate, these heretics.Swift destruction (ταχινην tachinēn apōleian). See 2 Peter 1:14 for απωλειαν tachinēn and note repetition of επαγοντες apōleian This is always the tragedy of such false prophets, the fate that they bring on (epagontes) themselves. [source]
2 Peter 3:3Knowing this first [τουτο πρωτον γινωσκοντες] Present active participle of γινωσκω ginōskō See 2 Peter 1:20 for this identical phrase. Nominative absolute here where accusative γινωσκοντας ginōskontas would be regular. Peter now takes up the παρουσια parousia (2 Peter 1:16) after having discussed the δυναμις dunamis of Christ. [source]
2 Peter 3:16Speaking in them of these things [λαλων εν αυταις περι τουτων] Present active participle of λαλεω laleō That is to say, Paul also wrote about the second coming of Christ, as is obviously true.Hard to be understood (δυσνοητα dusnoēta). Late verbal from δυς dus and νοεω noeō (in Aristotle, Lucian, Diog. Laert.), here only in N.T. We know that the Thessalonians persisted in misrepresenting Paul on this very subject of the second coming as Hymenaeus and Philetus did about the resurrection (2 Timothy 2:17) and Spitta holds that Paul‘s teaching about grace was twisted to mean moral laxity like Galatians 3:10; Romans 3:20,Romans 3:28; Romans 5:20 (with which cf. Romans 6:1 as a case in point), etc. Peter does not say that he himself did not understand Paul on the subject of faith and freedom.Unlearned Old word (alpha privative and μαντανω manthanō to learn), ignorant, here only in N.T.Unsteadfast (αστηρικτοι astēriktoi). See note on 2 Peter 2:14.Wrest Present active indicative of στρεβλοω strebloō old verb (from στρεβλος streblos twisted, στρεπω strephō to turn), here only in N.T.The other scriptures (τας λοιπας γραπας tas loipas graphas). There is no doubt that the apostles claimed to speak by the help of the Holy Spirit (1 Thessalonians 5:27; Colossians 4:16) just as the prophets of old did (2 Peter 1:20.). Note λοιπας loipas (rest) here rather than αλλας allas (other). Peter thus puts Paul‘s Epistles on the same plane with the O.T., which was also misused (Matt 5:21-44; Matthew 15:3-6; Matthew 19:3-10). [source]
2 Peter 3:16Unlearned [αματεις] Old word (alpha privative and μαντανω manthanō to learn), ignorant, here only in N.T.Unsteadfast (αστηρικτοι astēriktoi). See note on 2 Peter 2:14.Wrest Present active indicative of στρεβλοω strebloō old verb (from στρεβλος streblos twisted, στρεπω strephō to turn), here only in N.T.The other scriptures (τας λοιπας γραπας tas loipas graphas). There is no doubt that the apostles claimed to speak by the help of the Holy Spirit (1 Thessalonians 5:27; Colossians 4:16) just as the prophets of old did (2 Peter 1:20.). Note λοιπας loipas (rest) here rather than αλλας allas (other). Peter thus puts Paul‘s Epistles on the same plane with the O.T., which was also misused (Matt 5:21-44; Matthew 15:3-6; Matthew 19:3-10). [source]
2 Peter 3:16Wrest [στρεβλουσιν] Present active indicative of στρεβλοω strebloō old verb (from στρεβλος streblos twisted, στρεπω strephō to turn), here only in N.T.The other scriptures (τας λοιπας γραπας tas loipas graphas). There is no doubt that the apostles claimed to speak by the help of the Holy Spirit (1 Thessalonians 5:27; Colossians 4:16) just as the prophets of old did (2 Peter 1:20.). Note λοιπας loipas (rest) here rather than αλλας allas (other). Peter thus puts Paul‘s Epistles on the same plane with the O.T., which was also misused (Matt 5:21-44; Matthew 15:3-6; Matthew 19:3-10). [source]
2 Peter 3:16The other scriptures [τας λοιπας γραπας] There is no doubt that the apostles claimed to speak by the help of the Holy Spirit (1 Thessalonians 5:27; Colossians 4:16) just as the prophets of old did (2 Peter 1:20.). Note λοιπας loipas (rest) here rather than αλλας allas (other). Peter thus puts Paul‘s Epistles on the same plane with the O.T., which was also misused (Matt 5:21-44; Matthew 15:3-6; Matthew 19:3-10). [source]
2 Peter 3:17Knowing these things beforehand [προγινωσκοντες] Present active participle of προγινωσκω proginōskō as in 1 Peter 1:20. Cf. πρωτον γινωσκω prōton ginōskō (2 Peter 1:20; 2 Peter 3:1). Hence they are without excuse for misunderstanding Peter or Paul on this subject. [source]
What do the individual words in 2 Peter 1:20 mean?
thisfirstknowingthatanyprophecyof Scriptureof its owninterpretationnotis
Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Plural
Root: γινώσκω
Sense: to learn to know, come to know, get a knowledge of perceive, feel.
Greek Commentary for 2 Peter 1:20
Agreeing with ποιειτε poieite like προσεχοντες prosechontes in 2 Peter 1:19. [source]
Like the Hebrew γινεται lȯkōl but also in the papyri as in 1 John 2:21 (Robertson, Grammar, p. 753).Is (εστιν ginetai). Rather “comes,” “springs” (Alford), not “is” (ιδιας επιλυσεως estin).Of private interpretation Ablative case of origin or source in the predicate as with του τεου gnōmēs in Acts 20:3 and with εχ ημων tou theou and επιλυσις ex hēmōn in 2 Corinthians 4:7. “No prophecy of Scripture comes out of private disclosure,” not “of private interpretation.” The usual meaning of επιλυω epilusis is explanation, but the word does not occur elsewhere in the N.T. It occurs in the papyri in the sense of solution and even of discharge of a debt. Spitta urges “dissolved” as the idea here. The verb epiluō to unloose, to untie, to release, occurs twice in the N.T., once (Mark 4:34) where it can mean “disclose” about parables, the other (Acts 19:39) where it means to decide. It is the prophet‘s grasp of the prophecy, not that of the readers that is here presented, as the next verse shows. [source]
Rather “comes,” “springs” (Alford), not “is” (ιδιας επιλυσεως estin). [source]
Ablative case of origin or source in the predicate as with του τεου gnōmēs in Acts 20:3 and with εχ ημων tou theou and επιλυσις ex hēmōn in 2 Corinthians 4:7. “No prophecy of Scripture comes out of private disclosure,” not “of private interpretation.” The usual meaning of επιλυω epilusis is explanation, but the word does not occur elsewhere in the N.T. It occurs in the papyri in the sense of solution and even of discharge of a debt. Spitta urges “dissolved” as the idea here. The verb epiluō to unloose, to untie, to release, occurs twice in the N.T., once (Mark 4:34) where it can mean “disclose” about parables, the other (Acts 19:39) where it means to decide. It is the prophet‘s grasp of the prophecy, not that of the readers that is here presented, as the next verse shows. [source]
More literally, arises or originates. [source]
See on 2 Peter 1:3. His own. Rev., special, in margin. [source]
Only here in New Testament. Compare the cognate verb expounded (Mark 4:34:) and determined (Acts 19:39). The usual word is ἑρμηνεία (1 Corinthians 12:10; 1 Corinthians 14:26). Literally, it means loosening, untying, as of hard knots of scripture. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for 2 Peter 1:20
The best MSS. here read γνωμης gnōmēs (predicate ablative of source like επιλυσεως epiluseōs 2 Peter 1:20, Robertson, Grammar, p. 514), not γνωμη gnōmē (nominative). “He became of opinion.” The Jews had heard of Paul‘s plan to sail for Syria and intended in the hurly-burly either to kill him at the docks in Cenchreae or to push him overboard from the crowded pilgrim ship bound for the passover. Fortunately Paul learned of their plot and so eluded them by going through Macedonia. The Codex Bezae adds here that “the Spirit bade him return into Macedonia.” [source]
Most MSS. here have τι περι ετερων tōi peri heterōn but B b Vulgate read τι περαιτερω tōi peraiterō as in Plato‘s Παεδο Phaedo Several papyri examples of it also. It is comparative περαιτερος peraiteros of περα pera beyond. Note also επι epi in επιζητειτε epizāteite Charges of illegal conduct (Page) should be settled in the regular legal way. But, if you wish to go further and pass resolutions about the matter exciting you, “it shall be settled in the regular assembly” “In the lawful assembly,” not by a mob like this. Wood (Ephesus) quotes an inscription there with this very phrase “at every lawful assembly” The Roman officials alone could give the sanction for calling such a lawful or regular assembly. The verb επιλυω epiluō is an old one, but in the N.T. only here and Mark 4:34 (which see) where Jesus privately opened or disclosed the parables to the disciples. The papyri give examples of the verb in financial transactions as well as of the metaphorical sense. The solution will come in the lawful assembly, not in a riot like this. See also 2 Peter 1:20 where the substantive επιλυσις epilusis occurs for disclosure or revelation (prophecy). [source]
Genitive absolute, “a plot by the Jews having come against him.” Επιβουλη Epiboulē is an old word for a plot against one. In the N.T. only in Acts (Acts 9:24; Acts 20:3, Acts 20:19; Acts 23:30). Please note that this plot is by the Jews, not the Judaizers whom Paul discusses so vehemently in 2 Corinthians 10-13. They had given Paul much anguish of heart as is shown in I Cor. and in 2 Corinthians 1-7, but that trouble seems now past. It is Paul‘s old enemies in Corinth who had cherished all these years their defeat at the hands of Gallio (Acts 18:5-17) who now took advantage of Paul‘s plans for departure to compass his death if possible. As he was about to set sail for Syria (μελλοντι αναγεσται εις την Συριαν mellonti anagesthai eis tēn Surian). The participle μελλοντι mellonti agrees in case (dative) with αυτωι autōi For the sense of intending see also Acts 19:13. Αναγεσται Anagesthai (present middle infinitive) is the common word for putting out to sea (going up, they said, from land) as in Acts 13:13. He determined The best MSS. here read γνωμης gnōmēs (predicate ablative of source like επιλυσεως epiluseōs 2 Peter 1:20, Robertson, Grammar, p. 514), not γνωμη gnōmē (nominative). “He became of opinion.” The Jews had heard of Paul‘s plan to sail for Syria and intended in the hurly-burly either to kill him at the docks in Cenchreae or to push him overboard from the crowded pilgrim ship bound for the passover. Fortunately Paul learned of their plot and so eluded them by going through Macedonia. The Codex Bezae adds here that “the Spirit bade him return into Macedonia.” [source]
We must supply εστιν ελεος estin eleos with ου ou “Mercy is not of.” The articular participles (του τελοντοσ του τρεχοντοσ του ελεωντος tou thelontosελεος tou trechontosclass="normal greek">επιλυσεως tou eleōntos) can be understood as in the genitive with eleos understood (mercy is not a quality of) or as the predicate ablative of source like epiluseōs in 2 Peter 1:20. Paul is fond of the metaphor of running. [source]
There are two matters of doubt in this clause. One is the absence of the article η hē before γραπη graphē whether that makes it mean “every scripture” or “all scripture” as of necessity if present. Unfortunately, there are examples both ways with both πας pās and γραπη graphē Twice we find γραπη graphē in the singular without the article and yet definite (1 Peter 2:6; 2 Peter 1:20). We have πας Ισραηλ pās Israēl (Romans 11:26) for all Israel (Robertson, Grammar, p. 772). So far as the grammatical usage goes, one can render here either “all scripture” or “every scripture.” There is no copula (εστιν estin) in the Greek and so one has to insert it either before the και kai or after it. If before, as is more natural, then the meaning is: “All scripture (or every scripture) is inspired of God and profitable.” In this form there is a definite assertion of inspiration. That can be true also of the second way, making “inspired of God” descriptive of “every scripture,” and putting εστιν estin (is) after και kai “All scripture (or every scripture), inspired of God, is also profitable.” [source]
Second aorist middle indicative of γινομαι ginomai (cf. γινεται ginetai in 2 Peter 1:20). [source]
In contrast with the true prophets just pictured in 2 Peter 1:20. Late compound in lxx and Philo, common in N.T. (Matthew 7:15). Allusion to the O.T. times like Balaam and others (Jeremiah 6:13; Jeremiah 28:9; Ezekiel 13:9).False teachers (πσευδοδιδασκαλοι pseudodidaskaloi). Late and rare compound (πσευδησ διδασκαλος pseudēsεσονται didaskalos) here alone in N.T. Peter pictures them as in the future here (εισιν esontai shall be) and again as already present (επλανητησαν eisin are, 2 Peter 2:17), or in the past (παρεισαχουσιν eplanēthēsan they went astray, 2 Peter 2:15).Shall privily bring in Future active of παρεισαγω pareisagō late double compound εισαγω pareisagō to bring in Descriptive genitive, “heresies of destruction” (marked by destruction) as in Luke 16:8. αιρεω Hairesis (from αρνουμενοι haireō) is simply a choosing, a school, a sect like that of the Sadducees (Acts 5:17), of the Pharisees (Acts 15:5), and of Christians as Paul admitted (Acts 24:5). These “tenets” (Galatians 5:20) led to destruction.Denying Present middle participle of και τον δεσποτην arneomai This the Gnostics did, the very thing that Peter did, alas (Matthew 26:70) even after Christ‘s words (Matthew 10:33).Even the Master (τον αγορασαντα αυτους kai ton despotēn). Old word for absolute master, here of Christ as in Judges 1:4, and also of God (Acts 4:24). Without the evil sense in our “despot.”That bought them First aorist active articular participle of λυτροω agorazō same idea with ταχινην απωλειαν lutroō in 1 Peter 1:18. These were professing Christians, at any rate, these heretics.Swift destruction (ταχινην tachinēn apōleian). See 2 Peter 1:14 for απωλειαν tachinēn and note repetition of επαγοντες apōleian This is always the tragedy of such false prophets, the fate that they bring on (epagontes) themselves. [source]
Present active participle of γινωσκω ginōskō See 2 Peter 1:20 for this identical phrase. Nominative absolute here where accusative γινωσκοντας ginōskontas would be regular. Peter now takes up the παρουσια parousia (2 Peter 1:16) after having discussed the δυναμις dunamis of Christ. [source]
Present active participle of λαλεω laleō That is to say, Paul also wrote about the second coming of Christ, as is obviously true.Hard to be understood (δυσνοητα dusnoēta). Late verbal from δυς dus and νοεω noeō (in Aristotle, Lucian, Diog. Laert.), here only in N.T. We know that the Thessalonians persisted in misrepresenting Paul on this very subject of the second coming as Hymenaeus and Philetus did about the resurrection (2 Timothy 2:17) and Spitta holds that Paul‘s teaching about grace was twisted to mean moral laxity like Galatians 3:10; Romans 3:20, Romans 3:28; Romans 5:20 (with which cf. Romans 6:1 as a case in point), etc. Peter does not say that he himself did not understand Paul on the subject of faith and freedom.Unlearned Old word (alpha privative and μαντανω manthanō to learn), ignorant, here only in N.T.Unsteadfast (αστηρικτοι astēriktoi). See note on 2 Peter 2:14.Wrest Present active indicative of στρεβλοω strebloō old verb (from στρεβλος streblos twisted, στρεπω strephō to turn), here only in N.T.The other scriptures (τας λοιπας γραπας tas loipas graphas). There is no doubt that the apostles claimed to speak by the help of the Holy Spirit (1 Thessalonians 5:27; Colossians 4:16) just as the prophets of old did (2 Peter 1:20.). Note λοιπας loipas (rest) here rather than αλλας allas (other). Peter thus puts Paul‘s Epistles on the same plane with the O.T., which was also misused (Matt 5:21-44; Matthew 15:3-6; Matthew 19:3-10). [source]
Old word (alpha privative and μαντανω manthanō to learn), ignorant, here only in N.T.Unsteadfast (αστηρικτοι astēriktoi). See note on 2 Peter 2:14.Wrest Present active indicative of στρεβλοω strebloō old verb (from στρεβλος streblos twisted, στρεπω strephō to turn), here only in N.T.The other scriptures (τας λοιπας γραπας tas loipas graphas). There is no doubt that the apostles claimed to speak by the help of the Holy Spirit (1 Thessalonians 5:27; Colossians 4:16) just as the prophets of old did (2 Peter 1:20.). Note λοιπας loipas (rest) here rather than αλλας allas (other). Peter thus puts Paul‘s Epistles on the same plane with the O.T., which was also misused (Matt 5:21-44; Matthew 15:3-6; Matthew 19:3-10). [source]
Present active indicative of στρεβλοω strebloō old verb (from στρεβλος streblos twisted, στρεπω strephō to turn), here only in N.T.The other scriptures (τας λοιπας γραπας tas loipas graphas). There is no doubt that the apostles claimed to speak by the help of the Holy Spirit (1 Thessalonians 5:27; Colossians 4:16) just as the prophets of old did (2 Peter 1:20.). Note λοιπας loipas (rest) here rather than αλλας allas (other). Peter thus puts Paul‘s Epistles on the same plane with the O.T., which was also misused (Matt 5:21-44; Matthew 15:3-6; Matthew 19:3-10). [source]
There is no doubt that the apostles claimed to speak by the help of the Holy Spirit (1 Thessalonians 5:27; Colossians 4:16) just as the prophets of old did (2 Peter 1:20.). Note λοιπας loipas (rest) here rather than αλλας allas (other). Peter thus puts Paul‘s Epistles on the same plane with the O.T., which was also misused (Matt 5:21-44; Matthew 15:3-6; Matthew 19:3-10). [source]
Present active participle of προγινωσκω proginōskō as in 1 Peter 1:20. Cf. πρωτον γινωσκω prōton ginōskō (2 Peter 1:20; 2 Peter 3:1). Hence they are without excuse for misunderstanding Peter or Paul on this subject. [source]