KJV: Give to him that asketh thee, and from him that would borrow of thee turn not thou away.
YLT: to him who is asking of thee be giving, and him who is willing to borrow from thee thou mayest not turn away.
Darby: To him that asks of thee give, and from him that desires to borrow of thee turn not away.
ASV: Give to him that asketh thee, and from him that would borrow of thee turn not thou away.
| τῷ | To the [one] |
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Parse: Article, Dative Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| αἰτοῦντί | asking of |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Dative Masculine Singular Root: αἰτέω Sense: to ask, beg, call for, crave, desire, require. |
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| δός | give |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Imperative Active, 2nd Person Singular Root: διδῶ Sense: to give. |
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| τὸν | the [one] |
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Parse: Article, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| θέλοντα | desiring |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: θέλω Sense: to will, have in mind, intend. |
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| δανίσασθαι | to borrow |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Middle Root: δανείζω Sense: to lend money. |
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| ἀποστραφῇς | you shall turn away from |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Subjunctive Passive, 2nd Person Singular Root: ἀποστρέφω Sense: to turn away. |
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Greek Commentary for Matthew 5:42
Second aorist passive subjunctive in prohibition. “This is one of the clearest instances of the necessity of accepting the spirit and not the letter of the Lord‘s commands (see Matthew 5:32, Matthew 5:34, Matthew 5:38). Not only does indiscriminate almsgiving do little but injury to society, but the words must embrace far more than almsgiving” (McNeile). Recall again that Jesus is a popular teacher and expects men to understand his paradoxes. In the organized charities of modern life we are in danger of letting the milk of human kindness dry up. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Matthew 5:42
Luke (Luke 6:31) puts the Golden Rule parallel with Matthew 5:42. The negative form is in Tobit 4:15. It was used by Hillel, Philo, Isocrates, Confucius. “The Golden Rule is the distilled essence of that ‹fulfilment‘ (Matthew 5:17) which is taught in the sermon” (McNeile). Jesus puts it in positive form. [source]
See on Matthew 15:23. Compare Matthew 5:42. [source]
Third-class condition, first aorist active subjunctive from δανιζω danizō (old form δανειζω daneizō) to lend for interest in a business transaction (here in active to lend and Matthew 5:42 middle to borrow and nowhere else in N.T.), whereas κιχρημι kichrēmi (only Luke 11:5 in N.T.) means to loan as a friendly act. [source]
Or, as Rev., in margin, ask - question. To question is the primary meaning of the verb, from which it runs into the more general sense of request, beseech. So Mark 7:26; Luke 4:38; John 17:15, etc. Here the meaning is, ye shall ask me no question (compare John 16:19, where the same verb is used). Compare Matthew 16:13; Matthew 21:24; John 1:19. Ask, absolutely, Luke 22:68. Note, moreover, the selection of the word here as marking the asking on familiar terms. See on John 11:22. Another verb for ask occurs in the following sentence: “If ye shall ask ( αἰτήστητε ) anything,” etc. Here the sense is, if ye shall make any request. Compare Matthew 5:42; Matthew 7:7, Matthew 7:9, Matthew 7:10, etc. Note, also, that this word for asking the Father marks the asking of an inferior from a superior, and is the word which Christ never uses of His own requests to the Father. Compare 1 John 3:22. [source]