KJV: Even so we, when we were children, were in bondage under the elements of the world:
YLT: so also we, when we were babes, under the elements of the world were in servitude,
Darby: So we also, when we were children, were held in bondage under the principles of the world;
ASV: So we also, when we were children, were held in bondage under the rudiments of the world:
| οὕτως | So |
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Parse: Adverb Root: οὕτως Sense: in this manner, thus, so. |
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| καὶ | also |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: καί Sense: and, also, even, indeed, but. |
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| ἦμεν | we were |
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Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 1st Person Plural Root: εἰμί Sense: to be, to exist, to happen, to be present. |
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| νήπιοι | children |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: νήπιος Sense: an infant, little child. |
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| ὑπὸ | under |
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Parse: Preposition Root: ὑπό Sense: by, under. |
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| στοιχεῖα | basic principles |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Neuter Plural Root: στοιχεῖον Sense: any first thing, from which the others belonging to some series or composite whole take their rise, an element, first principal. |
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| τοῦ | of the |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| κόσμου | world |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: κόσμος Sense: an apt and harmonious arrangement or constitution, order, government. |
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| δεδουλωμένοι | held in bondage |
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Parse: Verb, Perfect Participle Middle or Passive, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: δουλόω Sense: to make a slave of, reduce to bondage. |
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Greek Commentary for Galatians 4:3
Before the epoch of faith came and we (Jews and Gentiles) were under the law as paedagogue, guardian, steward, to use all of Paul‘s metaphors. [source]
Periphrastic past perfect of δουλοω douloō to enslave, in a permanent state of bondage. Under the rudiments of the world (υπο τα στοιχεια του κοσμου hupo ta stoicheia tou kosmou). Στοιχος Stoichos is row or rank, a series. So στοιχειον stoicheion is any first thing in a στοιχος stoichos like the letters of the alphabet, the material elements in the universe (2 Peter 3:10), the heavenly bodies (some argue for that here), the rudiments of any act (Hebrews 5:12; Acts 15:10; Galatians 5:1; Galatians 4:3, Galatians 4:9; Colossians 2:8, Colossians 2:20). The papyri illustrate all the varieties in meaning of this word. Burton has a valuable excursus on the word in his commentary. Probably here (Lightfoot) Paul has in mind the rudimentary character of the law as it applies to both Jews and Gentiles, to all the knowledge of the world (κοσμος kosmos as the orderly material universe as in Colossians 2:8, Colossians 2:20). See note on Matthew 13:38; note on Acts 17:24; note on 1 Corinthians 3:22. All were in the elementary stage before Christ came. [source]
Στοιχος Stoichos is row or rank, a series. So στοιχειον stoicheion is any first thing in a στοιχος stoichos like the letters of the alphabet, the material elements in the universe (2 Peter 3:10), the heavenly bodies (some argue for that here), the rudiments of any act (Hebrews 5:12; Acts 15:10; Galatians 5:1; Galatians 4:3, Galatians 4:9; Colossians 2:8, Colossians 2:20). The papyri illustrate all the varieties in meaning of this word. Burton has a valuable excursus on the word in his commentary. Probably here (Lightfoot) Paul has in mind the rudimentary character of the law as it applies to both Jews and Gentiles, to all the knowledge of the world See note on Matthew 13:38; note on Acts 17:24; note on 1 Corinthians 3:22. All were in the elementary stage before Christ came. [source]
Not Jewish Christians only, but all Christians. For in Galatians 4:5, Jewish Christians are distinctly characterized as those under the law, while the following we, subjects of Christian adoption, points back to the we in this verse. Again, elements of the world is too wide a conception to suit the law, which was given to Israel only. [source]
For the word στοιχεῖα in N.T. see Colossians 2:8, Colossians 2:20; Hebrews 5:12; 2 Peter 3:10, 2 Peter 3:12. See on 2 Peter 3:10. Interpretations differ. 1. Elements of knowledge, rudimentary religious ideas. See Hebrews 5:12. The meaning of world will then be, the material as distinguished from the spiritual realm. Elements of the world will be the crude beginnings of religion, suited to the condition of children, and pertaining to those who are not Christians: elementary religious truths belonging to mankind in general. Thus the Jewish economy was of the world as appealing to the senses, and affording only the first elements of a spiritual system. The child-heir was taught only faint outlines of spiritual truth, and was taught them by worldly symbols. 2. Elements of nature - of the physical world, especially the heavenly bodies. See 2 Peter 3:10, 2 Peter 3:12; Wisd. 7:17. According to this explanation, the point would be that the ordering of the religious life was regulated by the order of nature; “the days, months, times,” etc. (Galatians 4:10), as well as the heathen festivals, being dependent on the movements of the heavenly bodies. This was the patristic view (Ambrose, Augustine, Chrysostom, Theodoret). 3. The elements of the world are the personal, elemental spirits. This seems to be the preferable explanation, both here and in Colossians 2:8. According to Jewish ideas, all things had their special angels. In the Book of Jubilees, chapter 2, appear, the angel of the presence (comp. Isaiah 63:9); the angel of adoration; the spirits of the wind, the clouds, darkness, hail, frost, thunder and lightning, winter and spring, cold and heat. In the Book of Enoch, 82:10-14, appear the angels of the stars, who keep watch that the stars may appear at the appointed time, and who are punished if the stars do not appear (18:15). In the Revelation of John we find four angels of the winds (14:18); the angel of the waters (16:5); the angel in the sun (19:17). In Hebrews 1:7we read, “who maketh his angels winds.” Paul also recognizes elemental forces of the spiritual world. The thorn is “a messenger of Satan” (2 Corinthians 12:7); Satan prevents his journey to Thessalonica (1 Thessalonians 2:18); the Corinthian offender is to be “delivered to Satan” (1 Corinthians 5:5); the Kingdom of God is opposed by “principalities and powers” (1 Corinthians 15:24); Christians wrestle against “the rulers of the darkness of this world; against the spiritual hosts of wickedness in the upper regions” (Ephesians 6:12). In this passage the elements of the world are compared with overseers and stewards. This would seem to require a personal interpretation. In Galatians 4:8, “did service to them which by nature are no gods,” appears to be = “in bondage under the elements,” suggesting a personal interpretation of the latter. The Galatians had turned again to the observance of times and seasons (Galatians 4:10), which were controlled by the heavenly bodies and their spirits. -DIVIDER- -DIVIDER- [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Galatians 4:3
A slave has no permanent place in the house. He may be sold, exchanged, or cast out. Compare Genesis 21:10; Galatians 4:30. House. See Hebrews 3:6; John 14:2. The elder son in the parable of the prodigal (Luke 15:29), denies his sonship by the words, “These many years do I serve thee ( δουλεύω ).” [source]
There is a change in the metaphor by this contrast between the positions of the son and the slave in the house. The slave has no footing or tenure and may be cast out at any moment while the son is the heir and has a permanent place. Cf. Ishmael and Isaac (Genesis 21:10) and Paul‘s use of it in Galatians 4:30. We do not know that there is any reference here to Hagar and Ishmael. See also Hebrews 3:5 (Numbers 12:7) for a like contrast between Moses as servant (τεραπων therapōn) in God‘s house and Christ as Son (υιος huios) over God‘s house. [source]
A different word from that in Galatians 5:16. Only in Paul, except Acts 21:24. From στοίχος arow. Hence, to walk in line; to march in battle order (Xen. Cyr. vi. 3,34). Συνστοιχεῖ answerethto, Galatians 4:25(note). See also on στοιχεία elements Galatians 4:3. Paul uses it very graphically, of falling into line with Abraham's faith, Romans 4:12. [source]
For elements see on Galatians 4:3. For πτωχὰ beggarlysee on Matthew 5:3. The two adjectives express the utter impotence of these “elements” to do and to bestow what was done and given by God in sending his Son into the world. Comp. Romans 8:3; Hebrews 7:18. [source]
d Over against their filial freedom in Christ, Paul sets their lapse into subjection to the elements of the world (Galatians 4:3). [source]
The same στοιχεια stoicheia in Galatians 4:3 from which they had been delivered, “weak and beggarly,” still in their utter impotence from the Pharisaic legalism and the philosophical and religious legalism and the philosophical and religious quests of the heathen as shown by Angus‘s The Religious Quests of the Graeco-Roman World. These were eagerly pursued by many, but they were shadows when caught. It is pitiful today to see some men and women leave Christ for will o‘the wisps of false philosophy. [source]
Rather dative case instead of instrumental, “for freedom,” “for the (article) freedom that belongs to us children of the freewoman” (Galatians 4:31). [source]
Periphrastic past perfect of δουλοω douloō to enslave, in a permanent state of bondage. Under the rudiments of the world (υπο τα στοιχεια του κοσμου hupo ta stoicheia tou kosmou). Στοιχος Stoichos is row or rank, a series. So στοιχειον stoicheion is any first thing in a στοιχος stoichos like the letters of the alphabet, the material elements in the universe (2 Peter 3:10), the heavenly bodies (some argue for that here), the rudiments of any act (Hebrews 5:12; Acts 15:10; Galatians 5:1; Galatians 4:3, Galatians 4:9; Colossians 2:8, Colossians 2:20). The papyri illustrate all the varieties in meaning of this word. Burton has a valuable excursus on the word in his commentary. Probably here (Lightfoot) Paul has in mind the rudimentary character of the law as it applies to both Jews and Gentiles, to all the knowledge of the world (κοσμος kosmos as the orderly material universe as in Colossians 2:8, Colossians 2:20). See note on Matthew 13:38; note on Acts 17:24; note on 1 Corinthians 3:22. All were in the elementary stage before Christ came. [source]
Στοιχος Stoichos is row or rank, a series. So στοιχειον stoicheion is any first thing in a στοιχος stoichos like the letters of the alphabet, the material elements in the universe (2 Peter 3:10), the heavenly bodies (some argue for that here), the rudiments of any act (Hebrews 5:12; Acts 15:10; Galatians 5:1; Galatians 4:3, Galatians 4:9; Colossians 2:8, Colossians 2:20). The papyri illustrate all the varieties in meaning of this word. Burton has a valuable excursus on the word in his commentary. Probably here (Lightfoot) Paul has in mind the rudimentary character of the law as it applies to both Jews and Gentiles, to all the knowledge of the world See note on Matthew 13:38; note on Acts 17:24; note on 1 Corinthians 3:22. All were in the elementary stage before Christ came. [source]
First aorist passive participle of the same verb. He quickly turns it round to the standpoint of God‘s elective grace reaching them (Galatians 4:6). How (πως pōs). “A question full of wonder” (Bengel). See note on Galatians 1:6. Turn ye back again? Present active indicative, “Are ye turning again?” See μετατιτεστε metatithesthe in Galatians 1:6. The weak and beggarly rudiments (τα αστενη και πτωχα στοιχεια ta asthenē kai ptōcha stoicheia). The same στοιχεια stoicheia in Galatians 4:3 from which they had been delivered, “weak and beggarly,” still in their utter impotence from the Pharisaic legalism and the philosophical and religious legalism and the philosophical and religious quests of the heathen as shown by Angus‘s The Religious Quests of the Graeco-Roman World. These were eagerly pursued by many, but they were shadows when caught. It is pitiful today to see some men and women leave Christ for will o‘the wisps of false philosophy. Over again Old word, from above (ανω anō) as in Matthew 27:51, from the first (Luke 1:3), then “over again” as here, back to where they were before (in slavery to rites and rules). [source]
Present active indicative, “Are ye turning again?” See μετατιτεστε metatithesthe in Galatians 1:6. The weak and beggarly rudiments (τα αστενη και πτωχα στοιχεια ta asthenē kai ptōcha stoicheia). The same στοιχεια stoicheia in Galatians 4:3 from which they had been delivered, “weak and beggarly,” still in their utter impotence from the Pharisaic legalism and the philosophical and religious legalism and the philosophical and religious quests of the heathen as shown by Angus‘s The Religious Quests of the Graeco-Roman World. These were eagerly pursued by many, but they were shadows when caught. It is pitiful today to see some men and women leave Christ for will o‘the wisps of false philosophy. Over again Old word, from above (ανω anō) as in Matthew 27:51, from the first (Luke 1:3), then “over again” as here, back to where they were before (in slavery to rites and rules). [source]
Old word for anything in a και ου κατα Χριστον stoichos (row, series) like the letters of the alphabet, the materials of the universe (2 Peter 3:10, 2 Peter 3:12), elementary teaching (Hebrews 5:12), elements of Jewish ceremonial training (Acts 15:10; Galatians 4:3, Galatians 4:9), the specious arguments of the Gnostic philosophers as here with all their aeons and rules of life. [source]
Negative purpose with the future indicative, though the aorist subjunctive also occurs as in 2 Corinthians 12:6. That maketh spoil of you (ο συλαγωγων ho sulagōgōn). Articular present active participle of συλαγωγεω sulagōgeō late and rare (found here first) verb (from συλη sulē booty, and αγω agō to lead, to carry), to carry off as booty a captive, slave, maiden. Only here in N.T. Note the singular here. There was some one outstanding leader who was doing most of the damage in leading the people astray. Through his philosophy The only use of the word in the N.T. and employed by Paul because the Gnostics were fond of it. Old word from πιλοσοπος philosophos Old word for trick, guile, like riches (Matthew 13:22). Descriptive of the philosophy of the Gnostics. Tradition Old word from στοιχεια paradidōmi a giving over, a passing on. The word is colourless in itself. The tradition may be good (2 Thessalonians 2:15; 2 Thessalonians 3:6) or bad (Mark 7:3). Here it is worthless and harmful, merely the foolish theories of the Gnostics. Rudiments (στοιχος stoicheia). Old word for anything in a και ου κατα Χριστον stoichos (row, series) like the letters of the alphabet, the materials of the universe (2 Peter 3:10, 2 Peter 3:12), elementary teaching (Hebrews 5:12), elements of Jewish ceremonial training (Acts 15:10; Galatians 4:3, Galatians 4:9), the specious arguments of the Gnostic philosophers as here with all their aeons and rules of life. And not after Christ Christ is the yardstick by which to measure philosophy and all phases of human knowledge. The Gnostics were measuring Christ by their philosophy as many men are doing today. They have it backwards. Christ is the measure for all human knowledge since he is the Creator and the Sustainer of the universe. [source]
The only use of the word in the N.T. and employed by Paul because the Gnostics were fond of it. Old word from πιλοσοπος philosophos Old word for trick, guile, like riches (Matthew 13:22). Descriptive of the philosophy of the Gnostics. Tradition Old word from στοιχεια paradidōmi a giving over, a passing on. The word is colourless in itself. The tradition may be good (2 Thessalonians 2:15; 2 Thessalonians 3:6) or bad (Mark 7:3). Here it is worthless and harmful, merely the foolish theories of the Gnostics. Rudiments (στοιχος stoicheia). Old word for anything in a και ου κατα Χριστον stoichos (row, series) like the letters of the alphabet, the materials of the universe (2 Peter 3:10, 2 Peter 3:12), elementary teaching (Hebrews 5:12), elements of Jewish ceremonial training (Acts 15:10; Galatians 4:3, Galatians 4:9), the specious arguments of the Gnostic philosophers as here with all their aeons and rules of life. And not after Christ Christ is the yardstick by which to measure philosophy and all phases of human knowledge. The Gnostics were measuring Christ by their philosophy as many men are doing today. They have it backwards. Christ is the measure for all human knowledge since he is the Creator and the Sustainer of the universe. [source]
Old word from στοιχεια paradidōmi a giving over, a passing on. The word is colourless in itself. The tradition may be good (2 Thessalonians 2:15; 2 Thessalonians 3:6) or bad (Mark 7:3). Here it is worthless and harmful, merely the foolish theories of the Gnostics. Rudiments (στοιχος stoicheia). Old word for anything in a και ου κατα Χριστον stoichos (row, series) like the letters of the alphabet, the materials of the universe (2 Peter 3:10, 2 Peter 3:12), elementary teaching (Hebrews 5:12), elements of Jewish ceremonial training (Acts 15:10; Galatians 4:3, Galatians 4:9), the specious arguments of the Gnostic philosophers as here with all their aeons and rules of life. And not after Christ Christ is the yardstick by which to measure philosophy and all phases of human knowledge. The Gnostics were measuring Christ by their philosophy as many men are doing today. They have it backwards. Christ is the measure for all human knowledge since he is the Creator and the Sustainer of the universe. [source]
Lit. the rudiments of the beginning of the oracles. The phrase στοιχεῖα τῆς ἀρχῆς N.T.oIt is = primary elements. For στοιχεῖα see on Galatians 4:3. λόγιον is a diminutive, meaning strictly a brief utterance, and used both in classical and biblical Greek of divine utterances. In Class. of prose oracles. Philo uses it of the O.T. prophecies, and his treatise on the Ten Commandments is entitled περὶ τῶν δέκα λογίων . In lxx often generally - “the word or words of the Lord,” see Numbers 24:16; Deuteronomy 33:9; Psalm 12:6; Psalm 18:30, etc. It was used of the sayings of Jesus, see Polycarp, Ad Phil. vii. From the time of Philo, of any sacred writing, whether discourse or narrative. Papias and Irenaeus have τὰ κυριακὰ λόγια dominicaloracles. The meaning here is the O.T. sayings, especially those pointing to Christ. [source]
Predicate nominative after ειναι einai By reason of the time Alas, what a commentary on modern Christians. That some one teach you the rudiments Neat Greek idiom, genitive case of the articular infinitive (need of the teaching) with two accusatives of the person For στοιχεια stoicheia see Galatians 4:3, Galatians 4:9; Colossians 2:8. Of the first principles of the oracles of God Three genitives linked to each other. Αρχης Archēs (beginning) illustrates τα στοιχεια ta stoicheia just before, the A B C of Christian teaching like Hebrews 6:1. Λογιον Logion is a diminutive of logos, divine oracles being usually brief, common in the O.T. and Philo for God‘s words, in N.T. used for the O.T. (Acts 7:38; Romans 3:2), of God‘s word through Christians (1 Peter 4:11), of the substance of Christian teaching (Hebrews 5:12). Of milk Because still babes (1 Corinthians 3:2) and not able to chew “solid food” (στερεας τροπης stereās trophēs), without intellectual and spiritual teeth.sa120 [source]
Alas, what a commentary on modern Christians. That some one teach you the rudiments Neat Greek idiom, genitive case of the articular infinitive (need of the teaching) with two accusatives of the person For στοιχεια stoicheia see Galatians 4:3, Galatians 4:9; Colossians 2:8. Of the first principles of the oracles of God Three genitives linked to each other. Αρχης Archēs (beginning) illustrates τα στοιχεια ta stoicheia just before, the A B C of Christian teaching like Hebrews 6:1. Λογιον Logion is a diminutive of logos, divine oracles being usually brief, common in the O.T. and Philo for God‘s words, in N.T. used for the O.T. (Acts 7:38; Romans 3:2), of God‘s word through Christians (1 Peter 4:11), of the substance of Christian teaching (Hebrews 5:12). Of milk Because still babes (1 Corinthians 3:2) and not able to chew “solid food” (στερεας τροπης stereās trophēs), without intellectual and spiritual teeth.sa120 [source]
Neat Greek idiom, genitive case of the articular infinitive (need of the teaching) with two accusatives of the person For στοιχεια stoicheia see Galatians 4:3, Galatians 4:9; Colossians 2:8. Of the first principles of the oracles of God Three genitives linked to each other. Αρχης Archēs (beginning) illustrates τα στοιχεια ta stoicheia just before, the A B C of Christian teaching like Hebrews 6:1. Λογιον Logion is a diminutive of logos, divine oracles being usually brief, common in the O.T. and Philo for God‘s words, in N.T. used for the O.T. (Acts 7:38; Romans 3:2), of God‘s word through Christians (1 Peter 4:11), of the substance of Christian teaching (Hebrews 5:12). Of milk Because still babes (1 Corinthians 3:2) and not able to chew “solid food” (στερεας τροπης stereās trophēs), without intellectual and spiritual teeth.sa120 [source]
Derived from στοῖχος , a row, and meaning originally one of a row or series; hence a component or element. The name for the letters of the alphabet, as being set in rows. Applied to the four elements - fire, air, earth, water; and in later times to the planets and signs of the zodiac. It is used in all ethical sense in other passages; as in Galatians 4:3, “elements or rudiments of the world.” Also of elementary teaching, such as the law, which was fitted for an earlier stage in the world's history; and of the first principles of religious knowledge among men. In Colossians 2:8, of formal ordinances. Compare Hebrews 5:12. The kindred verb στοιχέω , to walk, carries the idea of keeping in line, according to the radical sense. Thus, walk according to rule (Galatians 6:16); walkest orderly (Acts 21:24). So, too, the compound συστοιχέω , only in Galatians 4:25, answereth to, lit., belongs to the same row or column with. The Greek grammarians called the categories of letters arranged according to the organs of speech συστοιχίαι . Here the word is of course used in a physical sense, meaning the parts of which this system of things is composed. Some take it as meaning the heavenly bodies, but the term is too late and technical in that sense. Compare Matthew 24:29, the powers of the heaven. [source]
That is suddenly, without notice. This very metaphor Jesus had used (Luke 12:39; Matthew 24:43) and Paul after him (1 Thessalonians 5:2) and John will quote it also (Revelation 3:3; Revelation 16:15).In the which (εν ηι en hēi). The day when the Lord comes.Shall pass away Future middle of παρερχομαι parerchomai old verb, to pass by.With a great noise (ροιζηδον roizēdon). Late and rare adverb (from ροιζεω ροιζος roizeōτα στοιχεια roizos) - Lycophron, Nicander, here only in N.T., onomatopoetic, whizzing sound of rapid motion through the air like the flight of a bird, thunder, fierce flame.The elements Old word (from λυτησεται stoichos a row), in Plato in this sense, in other senses also in N.T. as the alphabet, ceremonial regulations (Hebrews 5:12; Galatians 4:3; Galatians 5:1; Colossians 2:8).Shall be dissolved (λυω luthēsetai). Future passive of στοιχεια luō to loosen, singular because καυσουμενα stoicheia is neuter plural.With fervent heat Present passive participle of καυσος kausoō late verb (from καυσομενα kausos usually medical term for fever) and nearly always employed for fever temperature. Mayor suggests a conflagration from internal heat. Bigg thinks it merely a vernacular (Doric) future for καιω kausomena (from κατακαησεται kaiō to burn).Shall be burned up (κατακαιω katakaēsetai). Repeated in 2 Peter 3:12. Second future passive of the compound verb ευρετησεται katakaiō to burn down (up), according to A L. But Aleph B K P read ευρισκω heurethēsetai (future passive of heuriskō to find) “shall be found.” There are various other readings here. The text seems corrupt. [source]
Future middle of παρερχομαι parerchomai old verb, to pass by.With a great noise (ροιζηδον roizēdon). Late and rare adverb (from ροιζεω ροιζος roizeōτα στοιχεια roizos) - Lycophron, Nicander, here only in N.T., onomatopoetic, whizzing sound of rapid motion through the air like the flight of a bird, thunder, fierce flame.The elements Old word (from λυτησεται stoichos a row), in Plato in this sense, in other senses also in N.T. as the alphabet, ceremonial regulations (Hebrews 5:12; Galatians 4:3; Galatians 5:1; Colossians 2:8).Shall be dissolved (λυω luthēsetai). Future passive of στοιχεια luō to loosen, singular because καυσουμενα stoicheia is neuter plural.With fervent heat Present passive participle of καυσος kausoō late verb (from καυσομενα kausos usually medical term for fever) and nearly always employed for fever temperature. Mayor suggests a conflagration from internal heat. Bigg thinks it merely a vernacular (Doric) future for καιω kausomena (from κατακαησεται kaiō to burn).Shall be burned up (κατακαιω katakaēsetai). Repeated in 2 Peter 3:12. Second future passive of the compound verb ευρετησεται katakaiō to burn down (up), according to A L. But Aleph B K P read ευρισκω heurethēsetai (future passive of heuriskō to find) “shall be found.” There are various other readings here. The text seems corrupt. [source]
Old word (from λυτησεται stoichos a row), in Plato in this sense, in other senses also in N.T. as the alphabet, ceremonial regulations (Hebrews 5:12; Galatians 4:3; Galatians 5:1; Colossians 2:8).Shall be dissolved (λυω luthēsetai). Future passive of στοιχεια luō to loosen, singular because καυσουμενα stoicheia is neuter plural.With fervent heat Present passive participle of καυσος kausoō late verb (from καυσομενα kausos usually medical term for fever) and nearly always employed for fever temperature. Mayor suggests a conflagration from internal heat. Bigg thinks it merely a vernacular (Doric) future for καιω kausomena (from κατακαησεται kaiō to burn).Shall be burned up (κατακαιω katakaēsetai). Repeated in 2 Peter 3:12. Second future passive of the compound verb ευρετησεται katakaiō to burn down (up), according to A L. But Aleph B K P read ευρισκω heurethēsetai (future passive of heuriskō to find) “shall be found.” There are various other readings here. The text seems corrupt. [source]