KJV: Now when he came nigh to the gate of the city, behold, there was a dead man carried out, the only son of his mother, and she was a widow: and much people of the city was with her.
YLT: and as he came nigh to the gate of the city, then, lo, one dead was being carried forth, an only son of his mother, and she a widow, and a great multitude of the city was with her.
Darby: And as he drew near to the gate of the city, behold, a dead man was carried out, the only son of his mother, and she a widow, and a very considerable crowd of the city was with her.
ASV: Now when he drew near to the gate of the city, behold, there was carried out one that was dead, the only son of his mother, and she was a widow: and much people of the city was with her.
| ἤγγισεν | He drew near |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἐγγίζω Sense: to bring near, to join one thing to another. |
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| τῇ | to the |
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Parse: Article, Dative Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| πύλῃ | gate |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Singular Root: πύλη Sense: a gate. |
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| τῆς | of the |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| πόλεως | town |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: πόλις Sense: a city. |
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| καὶ | also |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: καί Sense: and, also, even, indeed, but. |
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| ἰδοὺ | behold |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Imperative Active, 2nd Person Singular Root: ἰδού Sense: behold, see, lo. |
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| ἐξεκομίζετο | was being carried out |
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Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Middle or Passive, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἐκκομίζω Sense: to carry out. |
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| τεθνηκὼς | [one] having died |
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Parse: Verb, Perfect Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: θνῄσκω Sense: to die, to be dead. |
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| μονογενὴς | only begotten |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: μονογενής Sense: single of its kind, only. |
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| υἱὸς | son |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: υἱός Sense: a son. |
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| τῇ | of the |
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Parse: Article, Dative Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| μητρὶ | mother |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Singular Root: μήτηρ Sense: a mother. |
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| αὐτοῦ | of him |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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| αὐτὴ | she |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Nominative Feminine 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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| χήρα | a widow |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Feminine Singular Root: χήρα Sense: a widow. |
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| ὄχλος | a crowd |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ὄχλος Sense: a crowd. |
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| ἱκανὸς | considerable |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ἱκανός Sense: sufficient. |
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| αὐτῇ | her |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Dative Feminine 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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Greek Commentary for Luke 7:12
The και kai introduces the apodosis of the temporal sentence and has to be left out in translations. It is a common idiom in Luke, και ιδου kai idou was carried out Imperfect passive indicative. Common verb in late Greek for carrying out a body for burial, though here only in the N.T. Rock tombs outside of the village exist there today. [source]
Perfect active participle of τνησκω thnēskō to die.The only son of his mother (μονογενης υιος τηι μητρι αυτο monogenēs huios tēi mētri autoū). Only begotten son to his mother (dative case). The compound adjective μονογενης monogenēs (μονος monos and γενος genos) is common in the old Greek and occurs in the N.T. about Jesus (John 3:16, John 3:18). The “death of a widow‘s only son was the greatest misfortune conceivable” (Easton).And she was a widow This word χηρα chēra gives the finishing touch to the pathos of the situation. The word is from χηρος chēros bereft. The mourning of a widow for an only son is the extremity of grief (Plummer).Much people (οχλος ικανος ochlos hikanos). Considerable crowd as often with this adjective ικανος hikanos Some were hired mourners, but the size of the crowd showed the real sympathy of the town for her. [source]
Only begotten son to his mother (dative case). The compound adjective μονογενης monogenēs The “death of a widow‘s only son was the greatest misfortune conceivable” (Easton). [source]
This word χηρα chēra gives the finishing touch to the pathos of the situation. The word is from χηρος chēros bereft. The mourning of a widow for an only son is the extremity of grief (Plummer).Much people (οχλος ικανος ochlos hikanos). Considerable crowd as often with this adjective ικανος hikanos Some were hired mourners, but the size of the crowd showed the real sympathy of the town for her. [source]
Considerable crowd as often with this adjective ικανος hikanos Some were hired mourners, but the size of the crowd showed the real sympathy of the town for her. [source]
The tombs were outside of the city. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Luke 7:12
Lit., sufficient. Compare Matthew 3:11, “worthy to bear and 2 Corinthians 3:5, “not that we are sufficient ( ἱκανοί )but our sufficiency ( ἱκανότης ) is of God.” It is also used in the sense of much, many, long. See Luke 7:12; Luke 8:27, Luke 8:32; Luke 20:9; Acts 9:23. [source]
The same adjective used of the widow‘s son (Luke 7:12) and the epileptic boy (Luke 9:38) and of Jesus (John 1:18; John 3:16). [source]
Aorist active infinitive of επιβλεπω epiblepō (επι epi upon, βλεπω blepō look), common verb, but in the N.T. only here and James 2:3 except Luke 1:48 in quotation from lxx. This compound verb is common in medical writers for examining carefully the patient.Mine only child Only in Luke as already about an only child in Luke 7:12; Luke 8:42. [source]
Only in Luke as already about an only child in Luke 7:12; Luke 8:42. [source]
Rev., “from the Father.” The glory was like, corresponds in nature to, the glory of an only Son sent from a Father. It was the glory of one who partook of His divine Father's essence; on whom the Father's love was visibly lavished, and who represented the Father as His ambassador. The word μονογενής , only begotten (De Wette and Westcott, “only born ”) is used in the New Testament of a human relationship (Luke 7:12; Luke 8:42; Luke 9:38). In the Septuagint it answers to darling, Hebrew, only one, in Psalm href="/desk/?q=ps+22:20&sr=1">Psalm 22:20; and to desolate in Psalm href="/desk/?q=ps+25:16&sr=1">Psalm 25:16. With the exception of the passages cited above, and Hebrews 11:17, it occurs in the New Testament only in the writings of John, and is used only of Christ. With this word should be compared Paul's πρωτότοκος , first born (Romans 8:29; Colossians 1:15, Colossians 1:18), which occurs but once in John (Revelation 1:5), and in Hebrews 1:6; Hebrews 11:28; Hebrews 12:23. John's word marks the relation to the Father as unique, stating the fact in itself. Paul's word places the eternal Son in relation to the universe. Paul's word emphasizes His existence before created things; John's His distinctness from created things. Μονογενής distinguishes between Christ as the only Son, and the many children ( τέκνα ) of God; and further, in that the only Son did not become ( γενέσθαι ) such by receiving power, by adoption, or by moral generation, but was ( ἦν ) such in the beginning with God. The fact set forth does not belong to the sphere of His incarnation, but of His eternal being. The statement is anthropomorphic, and therefore cannot fully express the metaphysical relation. Of the Father is properly rendered by Rev., “from the Father,” thus giving the force of παρά (see on from God, John 1:6). The preposition does not express the idea of generation, which would be given by ἐκ or by the simple genitive, but of mission - sent from the Father, as John from God (see John 6:46; John 7:29; John 16:27; John 17:8). The correlative of this is John 1:18, “who is in the bosom ( εἰς τὸν κόλπον ) of the Father;” literally, “into the bosom,” the preposition εἰς signifying who has gone into and is there; thus viewing the Son as having returned to the Father (but see on John 1:18). [source]
First aorist passive indicative of λαλεω laleō (Genesis 21:12). God‘s very words were in the heart of Abraham now about Isaac “his only son” (τον μονογενη ton monogenē Cf. Luke 7:12). [source]
In our case, not “among us” nor “to us.” Cf. Galatians 1:16.Hath sent (απεσταλκεν apestalken). Perfect active indicative of αποστελλω apostellō as again in 1 John 4:14, the permanent mission of the Son, though in 1 John 4:10 the aorist απεστειλεν apesteilen occurs for the single event. See John 3:16 for this great idea.His only-begotten Son “His Son the only-begotten” as in John 3:16. John applies μονογενης monogenēs to Jesus alone (John 1:14, John 1:18), but Luke (Luke 7:12; Luke 8:42; Luke 9:38) to others. Jesus alone completely reproduces the nature and character of God (Brooke).That we might live through him (ινα ζησωμεν δι αυτου hina zēsōmen di' autou). Purpose clause with ινα hina and the first aorist (ingressive, get life) active subjunctive of ζαω zaō “Through him” is through Christ, who is the life (John 14:6). Christ also lives in us (Galatians 2:20). This life begins here and now. [source]
“His Son the only-begotten” as in John 3:16. John applies μονογενης monogenēs to Jesus alone (John 1:14, John 1:18), but Luke (Luke 7:12; Luke 8:42; Luke 9:38) to others. Jesus alone completely reproduces the nature and character of God (Brooke).That we might live through him (ινα ζησωμεν δι αυτου hina zēsōmen di' autou). Purpose clause with ινα hina and the first aorist (ingressive, get life) active subjunctive of ζαω zaō “Through him” is through Christ, who is the life (John 14:6). Christ also lives in us (Galatians 2:20). This life begins here and now. [source]