KJV: And they all with one consent began to make excuse. The first said unto him, I have bought a piece of ground, and I must needs go and see it: I pray thee have me excused.
YLT: 'And they began with one consent all to excuse themselves: The first said to him, A field I bought, and I have need to go forth and see it; I beg of thee, have me excused.
Darby: And all began, without exception, to excuse themselves. The first said to him, I have bought land, and I must go out and see it; I pray thee hold me for excused.
ASV: And they all with one consent began to make excuse. The first said unto him, I have bought a field, and I must needs go out and see it; I pray thee have me excused.
| ἤρξαντο | began |
|
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Middle, 3rd Person Plural Root: ἄρχω Sense: to be the first to do (anything), to begin. |
|
| μιᾶς | one [voice] |
|
Parse: Adjective, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: εἷς Sense: one. |
|
| παραιτεῖσθαι | to excuse themselves |
|
Parse: Verb, Present Infinitive Middle or Passive Root: παραιτέομαι Sense: to ask along side, beg to have near one. |
|
| πρῶτος | first |
|
Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: πρῶτος Sense: first in time or place. |
|
| εἶπεν | said |
|
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: λέγω Sense: to speak, say. |
|
| αὐτῷ | to him |
|
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Dative Masculine 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
|
| Ἀγρὸν | A field |
|
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: ἀγρός Sense: land. |
|
| ἠγόρασα | I have bought |
|
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 1st Person Singular Root: ἀγοράζω Sense: to be in the market place, to attend it. |
|
| ἔχω | I have |
|
Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Active, 1st Person Singular Root: ἔχω Sense: to have, i.e. to hold. |
|
| ἀνάγκην | need |
|
Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: ἀνάγκη Sense: necessity, imposed either by the circumstances, or by law of duty regarding to one’s advantage, custom, argument. |
|
| ἐξελθὼν | going out |
|
Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ἐξέρχομαι Sense: to go or come forth of. |
|
| ἰδεῖν | to see |
|
Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Active Root: εἶδον Sense: to see with the eyes. |
|
| ἐρωτῶ | I beg of |
|
Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Active, 1st Person Singular Root: ἐρωτάω Sense: to question. |
|
| ἔχε | hold |
|
Parse: Verb, Present Imperative Active, 2nd Person Singular Root: ἔχω Sense: to have, i.e. to hold. |
|
| με | me |
|
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Accusative 1st Person Singular Root: ἐγώ Sense: I, me, my. |
|
| παρῃτημένον | excused |
|
Parse: Verb, Perfect Participle Middle or Passive, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: παραιτέομαι Sense: to ask along side, beg to have near one. |
|
Greek Commentary for Luke 14:18
Some feminine substantive like γνωμης gnōmēs or πσυχης psuchēs has to be supplied. This precise idiom occurs nowhere else. It looked like a conspiracy for each one in his turn did the same thing. [source]
This common Greek verb is used in various ways, to ask something from one (Mark 15:6), to deprecate or ask to avert (Hebrews 12:19), to refuse or decline (Acts 25:11), to shun or to avoid (2 Timothy 2:23), to beg pardon or to make excuses for not doing or to beg (Luke 14:18). All these ideas are variations of αιτεω aiteō to ask in the middle voice with παρα para in composition.The first (ο πρωτος ho prōtos). In order of time. There are three of the “many” (“all”), whose excuses are given, each more flimsy than the other.I must needs I have necessity. The land would still be there, a strange “necessity.”Have me excused (εχε με παρηιτημενον eche me parēitēmenon). An unusual idiom somewhat like the English perfect with the auxiliary “have” and the modern Greek idiom with εχω echō but certainly not here a Greek periphrasis for παρηιτησο parēitēso This perfect passive participle is predicate and agrees with με me See a like idiom in Mark 3:1; Luke 12:19 (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 902f.). The Latin had a similar idiom, habe me excusatum. Same language in Luke 14:19. [source]
In order of time. There are three of the “many” (“all”), whose excuses are given, each more flimsy than the other. [source]
I have necessity. The land would still be there, a strange “necessity.”Have me excused (εχε με παρηιτημενον eche me parēitēmenon). An unusual idiom somewhat like the English perfect with the auxiliary “have” and the modern Greek idiom with εχω echō but certainly not here a Greek periphrasis for παρηιτησο parēitēso This perfect passive participle is predicate and agrees with με me See a like idiom in Mark 3:1; Luke 12:19 (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 902f.). The Latin had a similar idiom, habe me excusatum. Same language in Luke 14:19. [source]
An unusual idiom somewhat like the English perfect with the auxiliary “have” and the modern Greek idiom with εχω echō but certainly not here a Greek periphrasis for παρηιτησο parēitēso This perfect passive participle is predicate and agrees with με me See a like idiom in Mark 3:1; Luke 12:19 (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 902f.). The Latin had a similar idiom, habe me excusatum. Same language in Luke 14:19. [source]
Also rendered in New Testament refuse, Hebrews 12:19, Hebrews 12:25, where both meanings occur. See also 2 Timothy 2:23, Rev. Our phrase, beg off, expresses the idea here. [source]
Lit., I have necessity: a strong expression. [source]
Go out ( ἐξ ) from the city. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Luke 14:18
First aorist active imperative of αναγκαζω anagkazō from αναγκη anagkē (Luke 14:18). By persuasion of course. There is no thought of compulsory salvation. “Not to use force, but to constrain them against the reluctance which such poor creatures would feel at accepting the invitation of a great lord” (Vincent). As examples of such “constraint” in this verb, see note on Matthew 14:22; Acts 26:11; Galatians 6:12. [source]
This common Greek verb is used in various ways, to ask something from one (Mark 15:6), to deprecate or ask to avert (Hebrews 12:19), to refuse or decline (Acts 25:11), to shun or to avoid (2 Timothy 2:23), to beg pardon or to make excuses for not doing or to beg (Luke 14:18). All these ideas are variations of αιτεω aiteō to ask in the middle voice with παρα para in composition.The first (ο πρωτος ho prōtos). In order of time. There are three of the “many” (“all”), whose excuses are given, each more flimsy than the other.I must needs I have necessity. The land would still be there, a strange “necessity.”Have me excused (εχε με παρηιτημενον eche me parēitēmenon). An unusual idiom somewhat like the English perfect with the auxiliary “have” and the modern Greek idiom with εχω echō but certainly not here a Greek periphrasis for παρηιτησο parēitēso This perfect passive participle is predicate and agrees with με me See a like idiom in Mark 3:1; Luke 12:19 (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 902f.). The Latin had a similar idiom, habe me excusatum. Same language in Luke 14:19. [source]
is fenced in places from πρασσω phrassō to fence in (Romans 3:19).Compel (αναγκασον anagkason). First aorist active imperative of αναγκαζω anagkazō from αναγκη anagkē (Luke 14:18). By persuasion of course. There is no thought of compulsory salvation. “Not to use force, but to constrain them against the reluctance which such poor creatures would feel at accepting the invitation of a great lord” (Vincent). As examples of such “constraint” in this verb, see note on Matthew 14:22; Acts 26:11; Galatians 6:12.That my house may be filled First aorist passive subjunctive of γεμιζω gemizō to fill full, old verb from γεμω gemō to be full. Effective aorist. Subjunctive with ινα hina in final clause. The Gentiles are to take the place that the Jews might have had (Romans 11:25). Bengel says: Nec natura nec gratia patitur vacuum. [source]
Same condition with the difference in tense Old verb to ask alongside, to beg from, to deprecate, to refuse, to decline. See notes on Luke 14:18. Josephus (Life, 29) has thanein ou paraitoumai Here the articular second aorist active infinitive is in the accusative case the object of paraitoumai “I do not beg off dying from myself.” But if none of these things is παραιτουμαι Deuteronomy here is contrasted with ει δε ουδεν εστιν men just before. No word for “true” in the Greek. Δε Estin (“is”) in the Greek here means “exists.” Same condition (first class, assumed as true). Whereof these accuse me (μεν hōn houtoi katēgorousin mou). Genitive of relative Εστιν hon by attraction from ων ουτοι κατηγορουσιν μου ha (accusative with ον katēgorousin) to case of the unexpressed antecedent α toutōn (“of these things”). κατηγορουσιν Mou is genitive of person after τουτων katēgorousin No man can give me up to them “Can” legally. Paul is a Roman citizen and not even Festus can make a free gift Technical phrase like Latin Caesarem appello. Originally the Roman law allowed an appeal from the magistrate to the people (provocatio ad populum), but the emperor represented the people and so the appeal to Caesar was the right of every Roman citizen. Paul had crossed the Rubicon on this point and so took his case out of the hands of dilatory provincial justice (really injustice). Roman citizens could make this appeal in capital offences. There would be expense connected with it, but better that with some hope than delay and certain death in Jerusalem. Festus was no better than Felix in his vacillation and desire to curry favour with the Jews at Paul‘s expense. No doubt Paul‘s long desire to see Rome (Acts 19:21; Romans 15:22-28) and the promise of Jesus that he would see Rome (Acts 23:11) played some part in Paul‘s decision. But he made it reluctantly for he says in Rome (Acts 28:19): “I was constrained to appeal.” But acquittal at the hands of Festus with the hope of going to Rome as a free man had vanished. [source]
Old verb to ask alongside, to beg from, to deprecate, to refuse, to decline. See notes on Luke 14:18. Josephus (Life, 29) has thanein ou paraitoumai Here the articular second aorist active infinitive is in the accusative case the object of paraitoumai “I do not beg off dying from myself.” [source]
Either outward or moral constraint. See on 1 Corinthians 7:26, and note on Luke 14:18. [source]
Ἑνεστῶσαν presentmay also express something which is not simply present, but the presence of which foreshadows and inaugurates something to come. Hence it may be rendered impending or setting in. See on Romans 8:38. Ἁνάγκη means originally force, constraint, necessity, and this is its usual meaning in classical Greek; though in the poets it sometimes has the meaning of distress, anguish, which is very common in Hellenistic Greek. Thus Sophocles, of the approach of the crippled Philoctetes: “There falls on my ears the sound of one who creeps slow and painfully ( κατ ' ἀνάγκην .” “Philoctetes,” 206); and again, of the same: “Stumbling he cries for pain ( ὑπ ' ἀνάγκας ,” 215). In the Attic orators it occurs in the sense of blood-relationship, like the Latin necessitudo a binding tie. In this sense never in the New Testament. For the original sense of necessity, see Matthew 18:7; Luke 14:18; 2 Corinthians 9:7; Hebrews 9:16. For distress, Luke 21:23; 1 Thessalonians 3:7. The distress is that which should precede Christ's second coming, and which was predicted by the Lord himself, Matthew 24:8sqq. Compare Luke 21:23-28. [source]
Comp. 1 Timothy 5:11; 2 Timothy 2:23; Titus 3:10. oP. The primary meaning is to ask as a favor (Mark 15:6; Hebrews 12:19). Mostly in this sense in lxx, as 1 Samuel 20:6, 1 Samuel 20:28. To deprecate; to prevent the consequences of an act by protesting against and disavowing it, as Luke href="/desk/?q=lu+14:18&sr=1">Luke 14:18, Luke 14:19; 4Macc. 11:2. To decline, refuse, avoid, as here, Acts 25:11; Hebrews 12:25. [source]
Present middle imperative second person singular of παραιτεω paraiteō old verb, to ask of one and then to beg off from one as in Luke 14:18.; Acts 25:11; 1 Timothy 4:7; 1 Timothy 5:11; Titus 3:10; 2 Timothy 2:23. [source]
Dative case of γνοπος gnophos (late form for earlier δνοπος dnophos and kin to νεπος nephos cloud), here only in N.T. Quoted here from Exodus 10:22. Darkness Old word, in Homer for the gloom of the world below. In the Symmachus Version of Exodus 10:22, also in Judges 1:6; 2 Peter 2:4, 2 Peter 2:15. Tempest Old word from τυω thuō (to boil, to rage), a hurricane, here only in N.T. From Exodus 10:22. The sound of a trumpet From Exodus 19:16. Εχος Echos is an old word (our εχο echo) as in Luke 21:25; Acts 2:2. The voice of words From Exodus 19:19; Deuteronomy 4:12. Which voice Relative referring to πωνη phōnē (voice) just before, genitive case with ακουσαντες akousantes (heard, aorist active participle). Intreated First aorist middle (indirect) indicative of παραιτεομαι paraiteomai old verb, to ask from alongside (Mark 15:6), then to beg away from oneself, to depreciate as here, to decline (Acts 25:11), to excuse (Luke 14:18), to avoid (1 Timothy 4:7). That no word should be spoken unto them First aorist passive infinitive of προστιτημι prostithēmi old word to add, here with accusative of general reference (λογον logon), “that no word be added unto them.” Some MSS. have here a redundant negative μη mē with the infinitive because of the negative idea in παρηιτησαντο parēitēsanto as in Galatians 5:7. [source]
As in 2 Peter 1:5.Of our common salvation (περι της κοινης ημων σωτηριας peri tēs koinēs hēmōn sōtērias). See this use of κοινος koinos (common to all) in Titus 1:4 with πιστις pistis while in 2 Peter 1:1 we have ισοτιμον πιστιν isotimon pistin which see.I was constrained “I had necessity” like Luke 14:18; Hebrews 7:27.To contend earnestly (επαγωνιζεσται epagōnizesthai). Late and rare (in Plutarch, inscriptions) compound, here only in N.T. A little additional (επι epi) striving to the already strong αγωνιζεσται agōnizesthai (αγων agōn contest). Cf. 1 Timothy 6:12 αγωνιζου τον καλον αγωνα agōnizou ton kalon agōna the faith (τηιπιστει tēi- απαχ παραδοτεισηι pistei). Dative of advantage. Here not in the original sense of trust, but rather of the thing believed as in Judges 1:20; Galatians 1:23; Galatians 3:23; Philemon 1:27.Once for all delivered First aorist passive participle feminine dative singular of paradidōmi for which see 2 Peter 2:21. See also 2 Thessalonians 2:15; 1 Corinthians 11:2; 1 Timothy 6:20. [source]
“I had necessity” like Luke 14:18; Hebrews 7:27.To contend earnestly (επαγωνιζεσται epagōnizesthai). Late and rare (in Plutarch, inscriptions) compound, here only in N.T. A little additional (επι epi) striving to the already strong αγωνιζεσται agōnizesthai (αγων agōn contest). Cf. 1 Timothy 6:12 αγωνιζου τον καλον αγωνα agōnizou ton kalon agōna the faith (τηιπιστει tēi- απαχ παραδοτεισηι pistei). Dative of advantage. Here not in the original sense of trust, but rather of the thing believed as in Judges 1:20; Galatians 1:23; Galatians 3:23; Philemon 1:27.Once for all delivered First aorist passive participle feminine dative singular of paradidōmi for which see 2 Peter 2:21. See also 2 Thessalonians 2:15; 1 Corinthians 11:2; 1 Timothy 6:20. [source]