KJV: But their minds were blinded: for until this day remaineth the same vail untaken away in the reading of the old testament; which vail is done away in Christ.
YLT: but their minds were hardened, for unto this day the same vail at the reading of the Old Covenant doth remain unwithdrawn -- which in Christ is being made useless --
Darby: But their thoughts have been darkened, for unto this day the same veil remains in reading the old covenant, unremoved, which in Christ is annulled.
ASV: but their minds were hardened: for until this very day at the reading of the old covenant the same veil remaineth, it not being revealed to them that it is done away in Christ.
| ἐπωρώθη | were hardened |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Passive, 3rd Person Singular Root: πωρόω Sense: to cover with a thick skin, to harden by covering with a callus. |
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| νοήματα | minds |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Neuter Plural Root: νόημα Sense: a mental perception, thought. |
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| αὐτῶν | of them |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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| ἄχρι | Until |
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Parse: Preposition Root: ἄχρι Sense: until, unto, etc. |
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| σήμερον | present |
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Parse: Adverb Root: σήμερον Sense: this (very) day). |
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| ἡμέρας | day |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ἡμέρα Sense: the day, used of the natural day, or the interval between sunrise and sunset, as distinguished from and contrasted with the night. |
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| αὐτὸ | same |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Nominative Neuter 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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| κάλυμμα | veil |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Neuter Singular Root: κάλυμμα Sense: a veil, covering. |
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| ἐπὶ | at |
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Parse: Preposition Root: ἐπί Sense: upon, on, at, by, before. |
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| ἀναγνώσει | reading |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Singular Root: ἀνάγνωσις Sense: knowing. |
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| τῆς | of the |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| παλαιᾶς | old |
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Parse: Adjective, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: παλαιός Sense: old, ancient. |
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| διαθήκης | covenant |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: διαθήκη Sense: a disposition, arrangement, of any sort, which one wishes to be valid, the last disposition which one makes of his earthly possessions after his death, a testament or will. |
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| μένει | remains |
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Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: μένω Sense: to remain, abide. |
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| ἀνακαλυπτόμενον | being lifted |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Middle or Passive, Nominative Neuter Singular Root: ἀνακαλύπτω Sense: to unveil or uncover (by drawing back a veil). |
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| Χριστῷ | Christ |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Masculine Singular Root: Χριστός Sense: Christ was the Messiah, the Son of God. |
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| καταργεῖται | is being removed |
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Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Middle or Passive, 3rd Person Singular Root: καταργέω Sense: to render idle, unemployed, inactivate, inoperative. |
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Greek Commentary for 2 Corinthians 3:14
Their thoughts (νοηματα noēmata) literally. Πωροω Pōroō (first aorist passive indicative here) is late verb from πωρος pōros hard skin, to cover with thick skin (callus), to petrify. See note on Mark 6:52 and Mark 8:17. [source]
The Old Testament. Palaios (ancient) in contrast to της παλαιας διατηκης kainos (fresh, 2 Corinthians 3:6). See note on Matthew 13:52. The same veil (Παλαιος to auto kalumma). Not that identical veil, but one that has the same effect, that blinds their eyes to the light in Christ. This is the tragedy of modern Judaism. Unlifted Present passive participle of το αυτο καλυμμα anakaluptō old verb, to draw back the veil, to unveil. Is done away (μη ανακαλυπτομενον katargeitai). Same verb as in 2 Corinthians 3:7, 2 Corinthians 3:11. [source]
Not that identical veil, but one that has the same effect, that blinds their eyes to the light in Christ. This is the tragedy of modern Judaism. [source]
Present passive participle of το αυτο καλυμμα anakaluptō old verb, to draw back the veil, to unveil. Is done away (μη ανακαλυπτομενον katargeitai). Same verb as in 2 Corinthians 3:7, 2 Corinthians 3:11. [source]
Same verb as in 2 Corinthians 3:7, 2 Corinthians 3:11. [source]
Originally, things which proceed out of the mind. Compare hearts and minds, Philemon 4:7, and devices, 2 Corinthians 2:11. Hence, derivatively, the minds themselves. The word occurs but once outside of this epistle, Philemon 4:7. Some render here thoughts. So Rev., in margin. [source]
See on the kindred noun πώρωσις hardening Mark 3:5. Rev., correctly, were hardened. [source]
The expression their minds were hardened is carried out figuratively. There is a veil over their minds when the law is read, as there was over Moses' face. They cannot yet recognize the end of the Mosaic ministry. [source]
Rev., admirably - giving the force of ἀνά up-unliftedBut both A.V. and Rev. construe unlifted with veil: the same veil remaineth untaken away (unlifted ). This is objectionable, because καταργεῖται isdone away is used throughout the chapter of the glory of the Mosaic ministry, while another word is employed in 2 Corinthians 3:16of the taking away of the veil. Further, the reading of the best texts is ὅτι thator because, and not ὅ τι whichBecause is not true to the fact, since the veil remains unlifted, not because it is done away in Christ, but because of the hardness of their hearts. It is better, therefore, to take μὴ ἀνακαλυπτόμενον unliftedas a nominative absolute, and to render, it not being revealed that it (the veil) is being done away in Christ. This falls in naturally with the drift of the whole passage. The veil remains on their hearts, since it is not revealed to them that the Mosaic economy is done away in Christ. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for 2 Corinthians 3:14
Abstract for concrete (the elect). Obtained (επετυχεν epetuchen). Second aorist active indicative of επιτυγχανω epitugchanō old verb, to hit upon, only here in Paul. See Romans 9:30-33 for the failure of the Jews. Were hardened First aorist passive indicative of πωροω pōroō late verb, to cover with thick skin See note on 2 Corinthians 3:14 and note on Mark 3:5. [source]
First aorist passive indicative of πωροω pōroō late verb, to cover with thick skin See note on 2 Corinthians 3:14 and note on Mark 3:5. [source]
See on 2 Corinthians 3:14. [source]
The covenant emanating from Sinai: made on that mountain. The old covenant. See 2 Corinthians 3:14. [source]
For hearts, see on Romans 1:21. For minds, Rev., thoughts, see on 2 Corinthians 3:14. The guardianship is over the source and the issues of thought and will. “Your hearts and their fruits” (Alford). [source]
Three times in N.T. See Acts 13:15; 2 Corinthians 3:14. The verb ἀναγινώσκειν usually of public reading. See on Luke 4:16. So in lxx. In post-classical Greek, sometimes of reading aloud with comments. See Epictetus, Diss. 3,23, 20. Dr. Hatch says: “It is probable that this practice of reading with comments … may account for the coordination of 'reading' with 'exhortation' and 'teaching' in 1 Timothy 4:13.” [source]
Present active imperative, supply τον νουν ton noun “keep on putting thy mind on.” The reading (τηι αναγνωσει tēi anagnōsei). Old word from αναγινωσκω anaginōskō See 2 Corinthians 3:14. Probably in particular the public reading of the Scriptures (Acts 13:15), though surely private reading is not to be excluded. To exhortation Two other public functions of the minister. Probably Paul does not mean for the exhortation to precede the instruction, but the reverse in actual public work. Exhortation needs teaching to rest it upon, a hint for preachers today. [source]
Old word from αναγινωσκω anaginōskō See 2 Corinthians 3:14. Probably in particular the public reading of the Scriptures (Acts 13:15), though surely private reading is not to be excluded. [source]
Present middle participle of μεμπομαι memphomai (cf. αμεμπτος amemptos), old verb, in N.T. only here and Romans 9:19. The covenant was all right, but the Jews failed to keep it. Hence God made a new one of grace in place of law. Why do marriage covenants so often fail to hold? The author quotes in Hebrews 8:8-12; Jeremiah 31:31-34 (in lxx 38:31-34) in full which calls for little explanation or application to prove his point (Hebrews 8:13). I will make Future active of συντελεω sunteleō old compound verb to accomplish as in Mark 13:4; Romans 9:28. A new covenant In Hebrews 12:24 we have διατηκης νεας diathēkēs neas but καινης kainēs in 1 Corinthians 11:25. Καινος Kainos is fresh, on new lines as opposed to the old (παλαιος palaios) as in 2 Corinthians 3:6, 2 Corinthians 3:14; νεος neos is young or not yet old. [source]
See on Luke 4:16. The Reader in the Church. See 2 Corinthians 3:14. They that hear, the congregation. The words imply a public, official reading, in full religious assembly for worship. The passage is of some weight in determining the date of this book. The stated reading of the Apostolical writings did not exist as a received form before the destruction of Jerusalem, a.d. 70. [source]
Present active singular articular participle of αναγινωσκω anaginōskō (as in Luke 4:16). Christians in their public worship followed the Jewish custom of public reading of the Scriptures (2 Corinthians 3:14.). The church reader Present active plural articular participle of ακουω akouō (the audience).And keep Present active participle of τηρεω tēreō a common Johannine word (1 John 2:4, etc.). Cf. Matthew 7:24. “The content of the Apocalypse is not merely prediction; moral counsel and religious instruction are the primary burdens of its pages” (Moffatt).Written (γεγραμμενα gegrammena). Perfect passive participle of γραπω graphō the time is at hand (ο γαρ καιρος εγγυς ho gar kairos eggus). Reason for listening and keeping. On καιρος kairos see Matthew 12:1, time of crisis as in 1 Corinthians 7:29. How near εγγυς eggus (at hand) is we do not know any more than we do about εν ταχει en tachei (shortly) in Revelation 1:1. [source]