KJV: And the shapes of the locusts were like unto horses prepared unto battle; and on their heads were as it were crowns like gold, and their faces were as the faces of men.
YLT: And the likenesses of the locusts are like to horses made ready to battle, and upon their heads as crowns like gold, and their faces as faces of men,
Darby: And the likenesses of the locusts were like to horses prepared for war; and upon their heads as crowns like gold, and their faces as faces of men;
ASV: And the shapes of the locusts were like unto horses prepared for war; and upon their heads as it were crowns like unto gold, and their faces were as men's faces.
| ὁμοιώματα | appearance |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Neuter Plural Root: ὁμοίωμα Sense: that which has been made after the likeness of something. |
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| τῶν | of the |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Feminine Plural Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| ἀκρίδων | locusts [was] |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Plural Root: ἀκρίς Sense: a locust, particularly that species which especially infests oriental countries, stripping fields and trees. |
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| ὅμοια | like |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Neuter Plural Root: ὅμοιος Sense: like, similar, resembling. |
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| ἵπποις | horses |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Masculine Plural Root: ἵππος Sense: a horse. |
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| ἡτοιμασμένοις | having been prepared |
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Parse: Verb, Perfect Participle Middle or Passive, Dative Masculine Plural Root: ἑτοιμάζω Sense: to make ready, prepare. |
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| πόλεμον | battle |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: πόλεμος Sense: a war. |
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| ἐπὶ | upon |
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Parse: Preposition Root: ἐπί Sense: upon, on, at, by, before. |
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| κεφαλὰς | heads |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Plural Root: κεφαλή Sense: the head, both of men and often of animals. |
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| αὐτῶν | of them |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive Feminine 3rd Person Plural Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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| ὡς | [were something] like |
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Parse: Adverb Root: ὡς Sense: as, like, even as, etc. |
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| στέφανοι | crowns |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: στέφανοσ2 Sense: a crown. |
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| ὅμοιοι | like |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: ὅμοιος Sense: like, similar, resembling. |
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| χρυσῷ | gold |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Masculine Singular Root: χρυσός Sense: precious things made of gold, golden ornaments. |
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| πρόσωπα | faces |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Neuter Plural Root: πρόσωπον Sense: the face. |
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| ὡς | like |
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Parse: Adverb Root: ὡς Sense: as, like, even as, etc. |
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| πρόσωπα | [the] faces |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Neuter Plural Root: πρόσωπον Sense: the face. |
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| ἀνθρώπων | of men |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Plural Root: ἄνθρωπος Sense: a human being, whether male or female. |
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Greek Commentary for Revelation 9:7
Old word from ομοιοω homoioō to make like (from ομοιος homoios like), likeness, in N.T. only here, Romans 5:14; Philemon 2:7, “the likenesses were like” ομοιωμα Homoiōma is “midway between μορπη morphē and σχημα schēma ” (Lightfoot). [source]
Associative-instrumental case, as is the rule with ομοιος homoios (Revelation 1:15; Revelation 2:18; Revelation 4:6.; Revelation 9:10, Revelation 9:19; Revelation 11:1; Revelation 13:2, Revelation 13:11), but with the accusative in Revelation 1:13; Revelation 14:14. So also ομοιοι χρυσωι homoioi chrusōi (like gold) in this same verse.Prepared for war (ητοιμασμενοις εις πολεμον hētoimasmenois eis polemon). Perfect passive participle of ετοιμαζω hetoimazō This imagery of war-horses is like that in Joel 2:4. “The likeness of a locust to a horse, especially to a horse equipped with armour, is so striking that the insect is named in German heupferd (hay horse), and in Italian cavalett a little horse” (Vincent).As it were crowns Not actual crowns, but what looked like crowns of gold, as conquerors, as indeed they were (Revelation 4:4; Revelation 6:2; Revelation 12:1; Revelation 14:14). These locusts of the abyss have another peculiar feature.As men‘s faces (ως προσωπα αντρωπων hōs prosōpa anthrōpōn). Human-looking faces in these demonic locusts to give added terror, “suggesting the intelligence and capacity of man” (Swete). Vincent actually sees “a distinct resemblance to the human countenance in the face of the locust.” [source]
Perfect passive participle of ετοιμαζω hetoimazō This imagery of war-horses is like that in Joel 2:4. “The likeness of a locust to a horse, especially to a horse equipped with armour, is so striking that the insect is named in German heupferd (hay horse), and in Italian cavalett a little horse” (Vincent). [source]
Not actual crowns, but what looked like crowns of gold, as conquerors, as indeed they were (Revelation 4:4; Revelation 6:2; Revelation 12:1; Revelation 14:14). These locusts of the abyss have another peculiar feature.As men‘s faces (ως προσωπα αντρωπων hōs prosōpa anthrōpōn). Human-looking faces in these demonic locusts to give added terror, “suggesting the intelligence and capacity of man” (Swete). Vincent actually sees “a distinct resemblance to the human countenance in the face of the locust.” [source]
Human-looking faces in these demonic locusts to give added terror, “suggesting the intelligence and capacity of man” (Swete). Vincent actually sees “a distinct resemblance to the human countenance in the face of the locust.” [source]
Lit., likenesses. [source]
Compare Joel 2:4. The likeness of a locust to a horse, especially to a horse equipped with armor, is so striking that the insect is named in German Heupferd hay-horse, and in Italian calvaletta little horse. [source]
Not actual crowns, but as crowns. Milligan remarks that any yellow brilliancy about the head of the insect is a sufficient foundation for the figure. [source]
There is a distant resemblance to the human countenance in the face of the locust. Men ( ἀνθρώπων ) is to be taken not as distinguishing sex, but in the generic sense: human faces. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Revelation 9:7
See on 1 Peter 5:4; see on James 1:12. Στέφανος with the epithet golden is found only in Revelation. Compare Revelation 9:7; Revelation 14:14. The natural inference from this epithet and from the fact that the symbolism of Revelation is Hebrew, and that the Jews had the greatest detestation of the Greek games, would be that στέφανος is here used of the royal crown, especially since the Church is here represented as triumphant- a kingdom and priests. On the other hand, in the three passages of Revelation where John evidently refers to the kingly crown, he uses διάδημα (Revelation 12:3; Revelation 13:1; compare Revelation 17:9, Revelation 17:10; Revelation 19:12). Trench (“Synonyms of the New Testament”) claims that the crown in this passage is the crown, not of kinghood, but of glory and immortality. The golden crown ( στέφανος ) of the Son of Man (Revelation 14:14) is the conqueror's crown. It must be frankly admitted, however, that the somewhat doubtful meaning here, and such passages of the Septuagint as 2 Samuel 12:30; 1 Chronicles 20:2; Psalm 20:3; Ezekiel 21:26; Zechariah 6:11, Zechariah 6:14, give some warrant for the remark of Professor Thayer (“New Testament Lexicon”) that it is doubtful whether the distinction between στέφανος and διάδημα (the victor's wreath and the kingly crown ) was strictly observed in Hellenistic Greek. The crown of thorns ( στέφανος ) placed on our Lord's head, was indeed woven, but it was the caricature of a royal crown. -DIVIDER- -DIVIDER- [source]
Hebrew redundancy (where - there) as in Revelation 3:8; Revelation 8:9, Revelation 8:9; Revelation 13:8, Revelation 13:12; Revelation 17:9; Revelation 20:8.Prepared (ετοιμαζω hētoimasmenon). Perfect passive predicate participle of τοπος hetoimazō for which verb see Matthew 20:23; Revelation 8:6; Revelation 9:7, Revelation 9:15; Revelation 16:12; Revelation 19:7; Revelation 21:2, and for its use with απο του τεου topos John 14:2. and for the kind of fellowship meant by it (Psalm 31:21; 2 Corinthians 13:13; Colossians 3:3; 1 John 1:3).Of God “From (by) God,” marking the source as God (Revelation 9:18; James 1:13). This anticipatory symbolism is repeated in Revelation 12:13.That there they may nourish her (ινα hina ekei trephōsin autēn). Purpose clause with τρεπουσιν hina and the present for continued action: active subjunctive according to A P though C reads τρεπεται trephousin present active indicative, as is possible also in Revelation 13:17 and certainly so in 1 John 5:20 (Robertson, Grammar, p. 984), a solecism in late vernacular Greek. The plural is indefinite “they” as in Revelation 10:11; Revelation 11:9. One MSS. has trephetai (is nourished). The stereotyped phrase occurs here, as in Revelation 11:2., for the length of the dragon‘s power, repeated in Revelation 12:14 in more general terms and again in Revelation 13:5. [source]
Perfect passive predicate participle of τοπος hetoimazō for which verb see Matthew 20:23; Revelation 8:6; Revelation 9:7, Revelation 9:15; Revelation 16:12; Revelation 19:7; Revelation 21:2, and for its use with απο του τεου topos John 14:2. and for the kind of fellowship meant by it (Psalm 31:21; 2 Corinthians 13:13; Colossians 3:3; 1 John 1:3). [source]
First aorist (prophetic) passive of χηραινω xērainō (Revelation 14:15). Cf. Zechariah 10:11.That may be made ready (ινα ετοιμαστηι hina hetoimasthēi). Purpose clause with ινα hina and the first aorist passive of ετοιμαζω hetoimazō Common verb in Rev (Revelation 8:6; Revelation 9:7, Revelation 9:15; Revelation 12:6; Revelation 19:7; Revelation 21:2).The way for the kings Objective genitive βασιλεων basileōn come from the sunrising “Those from the rising of the sun,” the kings from the east (cf. Matthew 2:2) in their march against Rome. Parthia in particular resisted Rome before Trajan‘s day. [source]
Purpose clause with ινα hina and the first aorist passive of ετοιμαζω hetoimazō Common verb in Rev (Revelation 8:6; Revelation 9:7, Revelation 9:15; Revelation 12:6; Revelation 19:7; Revelation 21:2). [source]
Compared to kings (see ως hōs in Revelation 1:10; Revelation 4:6; Revelation 9:7; Revelation 13:3; Revelation 14:3; Revelation 16:21) without identification with the emperors, though succeeding them with “quasi-imperial powers” with the beast.For one hour (μιαν ωραν mian hōran). Accusative of extent of time, and that a brief time (Revelation 18:10, Revelation 18:16, Revelation 18:19) in comparison with the beast (Revelation 13:2). [source]
Also Revelation 9:7 and already in Matthew 3:4; Mark 1:6 (diet of the Baptist). The Israelites were permitted to eat them, but when the swarms came like the eighth Egyptian plague (Exodus 10:13.) they devoured every green thing. The smoke was worse than the fallen star and the locusts that came out of the smoke were worse still, “a swarm of hellish locusts” (Swete). [source]