KJV: And the father of circumcision to them who are not of the circumcision only, but who also walk in the steps of that faith of our father Abraham, which he had being yet uncircumcised.
YLT: and father of circumcision to those not of circumcision only, but who also walk in the steps of the faith, that is in the uncircumcision of our father Abraham.
Darby: and father of circumcision, not only to those who are of the circumcision, but to those also who walk in the steps of the faith, during uncircumcision, of our father Abraham.
ASV: and the father of circumcision to them who not only are of the circumcision, but who also walk in the steps of that faith of our father Abraham which he had in uncircumcision.
| πατέρα | father |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: προπάτωρ Sense: generator or male ancestor. |
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| περιτομῆς | of circumcision |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: περιτομή Sense: circumcised. |
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| τοῖς | to those |
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Parse: Article, Dative Masculine Plural Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| περιτομῆς | circumcision |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: περιτομή Sense: circumcised. |
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| μόνον | only |
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Parse: Adverb Root: μόνον Sense: only, alone, but. |
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| καὶ | also |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: καί Sense: and, also, even, indeed, but. |
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| στοιχοῦσιν | walking |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Dative Masculine Plural Root: στοιχέω Sense: to proceed in a row as the march of a soldier, go in order. |
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| τοῖς | in the |
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Parse: Article, Dative Neuter Plural Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| ἴχνεσιν | steps |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Neuter Plural Root: ἴχνος Sense: a footprint, track, footstep. |
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| τῆς | of the |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| ἐν | during |
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Parse: Preposition Root: ἐν Sense: in, by, with etc. |
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| ἀκροβυστίᾳ | uncircumcision |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Singular Root: ἀκροβυστία Sense: having the foreskin, uncircumcised. |
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| πίστεως | faith |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: πίστις Sense: conviction of the truth of anything, belief; in the NT of a conviction or belief respecting man’s relationship to God and divine things, generally with the included idea of trust and holy fervour born of faith and joined with it. |
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| τοῦ | of the |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| πατρὸς | father |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: προπάτωρ Sense: generator or male ancestor. |
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| ἡμῶν | of us |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive 1st Person Plural Root: ἐγώ Sense: I, me, my. |
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| Ἀβραάμ | Abraham |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: Ἀβραάμ Sense: the son of Terah and the founder of the Jewish nation. |
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Greek Commentary for Romans 4:12
The accusative with εις το ειναι eis to einai to be repeated from Romans 4:11. Lightfoot takes it to mean, not “a father of a circumcised progeny,” but “a father belonging to circumcision,” a less natural interpretation. [source]
The use of τοις tois here is hard to explain, for ου μονον ou monon and αλλα και alla kai both come after the preceding τοις tois All the MSS. have it thus. A primitive error in a copyist is suggested by Hort who would omit the second τοις tois Lightfoot regards it less seriously and would repeat the second τοις tois in the English: “To those who are, I do not say of circumcision only, but also to those who walk.” In the steps (τοις ιχνεσιν tois ichnesin). Locative case. See note on 2 Corinthians 12:18. Stoicheō is military term, to walk in file as in Galatians 5:25; Philemon 3:16. [source]
Locative case. See note on 2 Corinthians 12:18. Stoicheō is military term, to walk in file as in Galatians 5:25; Philemon 3:16. [source]
Of circumcised persons. The abstract term is used for the concrete. See on Romans 11:7. [source]
Apparently Paul speaks of two classes, but really of but one, designated by two different attributes. The awkwardness arises from the article τοῖς , erroneously repeated with στοιχοῦσιν walkwhich latter word expresses an added characteristic, not another class. Paul means that Abraham received a seal, etc., that he might be the father of circumcision to those who not only are circumcised, but who add to this outward sign the faith which Abraham exhibited. [source]
See on elements, 2 Peter 3:10. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Romans 4:12
First aorist passive imperative of αγνιζω hagnizō old verb to purify, to make pure See the active voice in James 4:8; 1 Peter 1:22; 1 Jo 1 Peter 3:3. It is possible to see the full passive force here, “Be purified.” But a number of aorist passives in the Koiné{[28928]}š supplant the aorist middle forms and preserve the force of the middle (Robertson, Grammar, p. 819). That is possible here. Hence, “Purify thyself” is allowable. The word occurs in Numbers 6:1 for taking the Nazarite vow. The point is that Paul takes the vow with them. Note αγνισμου hagnismou in Acts 21:26. Be at charges for them (δαπανησον επ αυτοις dapanēson ep' autois). First aorist active imperative of old verb δαπαναω dapanaō to incur expense, expend. Spend (money) upon (επ ep') them. Ramsay (St. Paul the Traveller, etc., p. 310) argues that Paul had use of considerable money at this period, perhaps from his father‘s estate. The charges for five men would be considerable. “A poor man would not have been treated with the respect paid him at Caesarea, on the voyage, and at Rome” (Furneaux). That they may shave their heads Note την κεπαλην tēn kephalēn the head (singular). Future middle indicative of χυραω xuraō late form for the old χυρεω xureō to shave, middle to shave oneself or (causative) to get oneself shaved. This use of ινα hina with the future indicative is like the classic οπως hopōs with the future indicative and is common in the N.T. as in the Koiné{[28928]}š (Robertson, Grammar, p. 984). And all shall know (και γνωσονται kai gnōsontai). This future middle indicative of γινωσκω ginōskō (cf. ακουσονται akousontai in Acts 21:22) may be independent of ινα hina or dependent on it like χυρησονται xurēsontai though some MSS. (H L P) have γνωσιν gnōsin (second aorist subjunctive, clearly dependent on ινα hina). Of which Genitive plural of the relative α ha (accusative) object of the perfect passive verb κατηχηνται katēchēntai (cf. Acts 21:21 κατηχητησαν katēchēthēsan) attracted into the case of the omitted antecedent τουτων toutōn The instruction still in effect. But that thou thyself walkest orderly (αλλα στοιχεις και αυτος alla stoicheis kai autos). Στοιχεις Stoicheis is an old verb to go in a row (from στοιχος stoichos row, rank, series), to walk in a line or by rule. In the N.T. only here and Galatians 5:25; Romans 4:12; Philemon 3:16. The rule is the law and Paul was not a sidestepper. The idea of the verb is made plain by the participle πυλασσων τον νομον phulassōn ton nomon (keeping or observing the law). [source]
Στοιχεις Stoicheis is an old verb to go in a row (from στοιχος stoichos row, rank, series), to walk in a line or by rule. In the N.T. only here and Galatians 5:25; Romans 4:12; Philemon 3:16. The rule is the law and Paul was not a sidestepper. The idea of the verb is made plain by the participle πυλασσων τον νομον phulassōn ton nomon (keeping or observing the law). [source]
Note την κεπαλην tēn kephalēn the head (singular). Future middle indicative of χυραω xuraō late form for the old χυρεω xureō to shave, middle to shave oneself or (causative) to get oneself shaved. This use of ινα hina with the future indicative is like the classic οπως hopōs with the future indicative and is common in the N.T. as in the Koiné{[28928]}š (Robertson, Grammar, p. 984). And all shall know (και γνωσονται kai gnōsontai). This future middle indicative of γινωσκω ginōskō (cf. ακουσονται akousontai in Acts 21:22) may be independent of ινα hina or dependent on it like χυρησονται xurēsontai though some MSS. (H L P) have γνωσιν gnōsin (second aorist subjunctive, clearly dependent on ινα hina). Of which Genitive plural of the relative α ha (accusative) object of the perfect passive verb κατηχηνται katēchēntai (cf. Acts 21:21 κατηχητησαν katēchēthēsan) attracted into the case of the omitted antecedent τουτων toutōn The instruction still in effect. But that thou thyself walkest orderly (αλλα στοιχεις και αυτος alla stoicheis kai autos). Στοιχεις Stoicheis is an old verb to go in a row (from στοιχος stoichos row, rank, series), to walk in a line or by rule. In the N.T. only here and Galatians 5:25; Romans 4:12; Philemon 3:16. The rule is the law and Paul was not a sidestepper. The idea of the verb is made plain by the participle πυλασσων τον νομον phulassōn ton nomon (keeping or observing the law). [source]
Genitive plural of the relative α ha (accusative) object of the perfect passive verb κατηχηνται katēchēntai (cf. Acts 21:21 κατηχητησαν katēchēthēsan) attracted into the case of the omitted antecedent τουτων toutōn The instruction still in effect. But that thou thyself walkest orderly (αλλα στοιχεις και αυτος alla stoicheis kai autos). Στοιχεις Stoicheis is an old verb to go in a row (from στοιχος stoichos row, rank, series), to walk in a line or by rule. In the N.T. only here and Galatians 5:25; Romans 4:12; Philemon 3:16. The rule is the law and Paul was not a sidestepper. The idea of the verb is made plain by the participle πυλασσων τον νομον phulassōn ton nomon (keeping or observing the law). [source]
Double compound Another verbal adjective from α a privative and εχιχνιαζω exichniazō to trace out by tracks (ιχνος ichnos Romans 4:12). Late word in Job (Job 5:9; Job 9:10; Job 34:24) from which use Paul obtained it here and Ephesians 3:8 (only N.T. examples). Also in ecclesiastical writers. Some of God‘s tracks he has left plain to us, but others are beyond us. [source]
As the pattern. To the end that (εις το ειναι eis to einai). Purpose again as in Romans 4:11. Sure Stable, fast, firm. Old adjective from βαινω bainō to walk. Not to that only which is of the law (ου τωι εκ του νομου μονον ou tōi ek tou nomou monon). Another instance where μονον monon (see Romans 4:12) seems in the wrong place. Normally the order would be, ου μονον τωι εκ του νομου αλλα και κτλ ou monon tōi ek tou nomouclass="translit"> alla kai ktl f0). [source]
Stable, fast, firm. Old adjective from βαινω bainō to walk. Not to that only which is of the law (ου τωι εκ του νομου μονον ou tōi ek tou nomou monon). Another instance where μονον monon (see Romans 4:12) seems in the wrong place. Normally the order would be, ου μονον τωι εκ του νομου αλλα και κτλ ou monon tōi ek tou nomouclass="translit"> alla kai ktl f0). [source]
Another instance where μονον monon (see Romans 4:12) seems in the wrong place. Normally the order would be, ου μονον τωι εκ του νομου αλλα και κτλ ou monon tōi ek tou nomouclass="translit"> alla kai ktl f0). [source]
A different word from that in Galatians 5:16. Only in Paul, except Acts 21:24. From στοίχος arow. Hence, to walk in line; to march in battle order (Xen. Cyr. vi. 3,34). Συνστοιχεῖ answerethto, Galatians 4:25(note). See also on στοιχεία elements Galatians 4:3. Paul uses it very graphically, of falling into line with Abraham's faith, Romans 4:12. [source]
Rather, by the Spirit, as the rule of action. Comp. Galatians 6:16; Philemon 3:16; Romans 4:12. [source]
For the circumcised. So Romans 4:12; Ephesians 2:11; Philemon 3:3. [source]
The phrase only here in Pastorals. Ὁι ἐκ περιτομῆς Acts 10:45; Acts 11:2; Romans 4:12; Galatians 2:12; Colossians 4:11. There can be no doubt of the presence of Jews in Crete. Tacitus (Hist. v. 2) even makes the absurd statement that the Jews were Cretan exiles; and that from their residence in the vicinity of the Cretan Mount Ida they were called Idaei, whence Judaei. There appears to have been some confusion between the Palestinians and the Philistines - the Cherethim or Cherethites, who, in Ezekiel 25:16; Zephaniah 2:5are called in lxx Κρῆτες Jews were in the island in considerable numbers between the death of Alexander and the final destruction of Jerusalem. In 1 Maccabees 15:23 the Cretan city of Gortyna is mentioned among the places to which letters were written by Lucius, the Roman consul, on behalf of the Jews when Simon Maccabaeus renewed the treaty which his brother Judas had made with Rome. Josephus (Ant. 17:12,1; Bell. Jud. 2:7,1) says that Herod's pseudo-son Alexander imposed on the Cretan Jews on his way to Italy. Philo (Leg. ad Cai. § 36) makes the Jewish envoys say to Caligula that all the principal islands of the Mediterranean, including Crete, were full of Jews. [source]
The fact that Christ suffered Present active participle of the late Ionic verb υπολιμπανω hupolimpanō (in the papyri) for the common υπολειπω hupoleipō to leave behind (under), here only in N.T. υπογραμμος Hupogrammos is also a late and rare word (from υπογραπω hupographō to write under), a writing-copy for one to imitate, in 2 Macc. 2:28; Philo, Clement of Rome, here only in N.T. Clement of Alex. (Strom. V. 8. 49) uses it of the copy-head at the top of a child‘s exercise book for the child to imitate, including all the letters of the alphabet. The papyri give many examples of υπογραπη hupographē and υπογραπω hupographō in the sense of copying a letter.That ye should follow his steps Purpose clause with ινα hina and first aorist active subjunctive of επακολουτεω epakoloutheō old verb, to follow closely upon, with the associative-instrumental (1 Timothy 5:10, 1 Timothy 5:24) or the locative here. Ιχνος Ichnos is old word (from ικω hikō to go), tracks, footprints, in N.T. only here, 2 Corinthians 12:18; Romans 4:12. Peter does not mean that Christ suffered only as an example (1 Peter 1:18), but he did leave us his example for our copying (1 John 2:6). [source]
Purpose clause with ινα hina and first aorist active subjunctive of επακολουτεω epakoloutheō old verb, to follow closely upon, with the associative-instrumental (1 Timothy 5:10, 1 Timothy 5:24) or the locative here. Ιχνος Ichnos is old word (from ικω hikō to go), tracks, footprints, in N.T. only here, 2 Corinthians 12:18; Romans 4:12. Peter does not mean that Christ suffered only as an example (1 Peter 1:18), but he did leave us his example for our copying (1 John 2:6). [source]