KJV: And delivered just Lot, vexed with the filthy conversation of the wicked:
YLT: and righteous Lot, worn down by the conduct in lasciviousness of the impious, He did rescue,
Darby: and saved righteous Lot, distressed with the abandoned conversation of the godless,
ASV: and delivered righteous Lot, sore distressed by the lascivious life of the wicked
| δίκαιον | righteous |
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Parse: Adjective, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: δίκαιος Sense: righteous, observing divine laws. |
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| Λὼτ | Lot |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: Λώτ Sense: the son of Haran and nephew to Abraham. |
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| καταπονούμενον | being distressed |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Middle or Passive, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: καταπονέω Sense: to tire down with toil, exhaust with labour. |
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| τῶν | of the |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Masculine Plural Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| ἀθέσμων | lawless |
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Parse: Adjective, Genitive Masculine Plural Root: ἄθεσμος Sense: one who breaks through the restraint of law and gratifies his lusts. |
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| ἀσελγείᾳ | sensuality |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Singular Root: ἀσέλγεια Sense: unbridled lust, excess, licentiousness, lasciviousness, wantonness, outrageousness, shamelessness, insolence. |
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| ἀναστροφῆς | conduct |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ἀναστροφή Sense: manner of life, conduct, behaviour, deportment. |
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| ἐρρύσατο | He rescued |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Middle, 3rd Person Singular Root: ῥύομαι Sense: to draw to one’s self, to rescue, to deliver. |
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Greek Commentary for 2 Peter 2:7
First aorist middle of ρυομαι ruomai as in Matthew 6:13, still part of the protasis with ει ei Lot This adjective δικαιος dikaios occurs three times in 2 Peter 2:7, 2 Peter 2:8. See Wisdom 10:6. [source]
Present passive participle of καταπονεω kataponeō late and common verb, to work down, to exhaust with labor, to distress, in N.T. only here and Acts 7:24.By the lascivious life of the wicked (υπο της των ατεσμων εν ασελγειαι αναστροπης hupo tēs tōn athesmōn en aselgeiāi anastrophēs). “By the life in lasciviousness of the lawless.” Ατεσμος Athesmos (alpha privative and τεσμος thesmos), late and common adjective (cf. ατεμιτος athemitos 1 Peter 4:3) for rebels against law (of nature and conscience here). Αναστροπη Anastrophē is frequent in 1 Peter. [source]
“By the life in lasciviousness of the lawless.” Ατεσμος Athesmos (alpha privative and τεσμος thesmos), late and common adjective (cf. ατεμιτος athemitos 1 Peter 4:3) for rebels against law (of nature and conscience here). Αναστροπη Anastrophē is frequent in 1 Peter. [source]
Occurring three times in 2 Peter 2:7, 2 Peter 2:8. [source]
Only here and Acts 7:24. Κατά gives the force of worn down. So Rev., sore distressed. [source]
[source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for 2 Peter 2:7
First aorist active indicative of ποιεω poieō This idiom occurs in Luke 18:7 with εκδικησιν ekdikēsin (this from εκδικεω ekdikeō and that from εκδικος ekdikos without right or law δικη dikē and then exacting law of right out of εκ ek one, exacting vengeance). Him that was oppressed (τωι καταπονουμενωι tōi kataponoumenōi). Present passive articular participle in the dative case of καταπονεο kataponeo to tire down with toil, to treat roughly, common in late Greek, in the N.T. only here and 2 Peter 2:7 (sore distressed). The man was on the point of being overcome. Smiting First aorist active participle of πατασσω patassō in the old Greek the beat of the heart, only in the lxx and N.T. to smite a deadly blow as here like πλησσω plēssō f0). [source]
Present passive articular participle in the dative case of καταπονεο kataponeo to tire down with toil, to treat roughly, common in late Greek, in the N.T. only here and 2 Peter 2:7 (sore distressed). The man was on the point of being overcome. [source]
Concessive participle of ειμι eimi The quantitative pronoun τηλικουτος tēlikoutos occurs in the N.T. only here, 2 Corinthians 1:10; Hebrews 2:3; Revelation 16:18. If James had only seen the modern mammoth ships. But the ship on which Paul went to Malta carried 276 persons (Acts 27:37).And are driven (και ελαυνομενα kai elaunomena). Present passive participle of ελαυνω elaunō old verb, in this sense (2 Peter 2:17) for rowing (Mark 6:48; John 6:19).Rough Old adjective (from σκελλω skellō to dry up), harsh, stiff, hard (Matthew 25:24).Are yet turned (μεταγεται metagetai). Present passive indicative of the same verb, μεταγω metagō in James 3:3. James is fond of repeating words (James 1:13.; James 2:14, James 2:16; James 2:21, James 2:25).By a very small rudder For the use of υπο hupo (under) with things see Luke 8:14; 2 Peter 2:7. There is possibly personification in the use of υπο hupo for agency in James 1:14; James 2:9; Colossians 2:18. Πηδαλιου Pēdaliou (from πηδον pēdon the blade of an oar) is an old word, in N.T. only here and Acts 27:40. Ελαχιστου Elachistou is the elative superlative as in 1 Corinthians 4:3 (from the Epic ελαχυς elachus for μικρος mikros).The impulse (η ορμη hē hormē). Old word for rapid, violent motion, here of the hand that worked the rudder, in N.T. only here and Acts 14:5 (rush or onset of the people).Of the steersman Present active genitive articular participle of ευτυνω euthunō old verb, to make straight (from ευτυς euthus straight, level, Mark 1:3), in N.T. only here and John 1:23. Used also of the shepherd, the charioteer, and today it would apply to the chauffeur. “The twin figure of the control of horse and of ship are frequently found together in later Greek writers” (Ropes). As in Plutarch and Philo.Willeth (βουλεται bouletai). Present middle indicative of βουλομαι boulomai common verb to will. Here intention of the steersman lies back of the impact of the hand on the rudder. [source]
Old adjective (from σκελλω skellō to dry up), harsh, stiff, hard (Matthew 25:24).Are yet turned (μεταγεται metagetai). Present passive indicative of the same verb, μεταγω metagō in James 3:3. James is fond of repeating words (James 1:13.; James 2:14, James 2:16; James 2:21, James 2:25).By a very small rudder For the use of υπο hupo (under) with things see Luke 8:14; 2 Peter 2:7. There is possibly personification in the use of υπο hupo for agency in James 1:14; James 2:9; Colossians 2:18. Πηδαλιου Pēdaliou (from πηδον pēdon the blade of an oar) is an old word, in N.T. only here and Acts 27:40. Ελαχιστου Elachistou is the elative superlative as in 1 Corinthians 4:3 (from the Epic ελαχυς elachus for μικρος mikros).The impulse (η ορμη hē hormē). Old word for rapid, violent motion, here of the hand that worked the rudder, in N.T. only here and Acts 14:5 (rush or onset of the people).Of the steersman Present active genitive articular participle of ευτυνω euthunō old verb, to make straight (from ευτυς euthus straight, level, Mark 1:3), in N.T. only here and John 1:23. Used also of the shepherd, the charioteer, and today it would apply to the chauffeur. “The twin figure of the control of horse and of ship are frequently found together in later Greek writers” (Ropes). As in Plutarch and Philo.Willeth (βουλεται bouletai). Present middle indicative of βουλομαι boulomai common verb to will. Here intention of the steersman lies back of the impact of the hand on the rudder. [source]
For the use of υπο hupo (under) with things see Luke 8:14; 2 Peter 2:7. There is possibly personification in the use of υπο hupo for agency in James 1:14; James 2:9; Colossians 2:18. Πηδαλιου Pēdaliou (from πηδον pēdon the blade of an oar) is an old word, in N.T. only here and Acts 27:40. Ελαχιστου Elachistou is the elative superlative as in 1 Corinthians 4:3 (from the Epic ελαχυς elachus for μικρος mikros).The impulse (η ορμη hē hormē). Old word for rapid, violent motion, here of the hand that worked the rudder, in N.T. only here and Acts 14:5 (rush or onset of the people).Of the steersman Present active genitive articular participle of ευτυνω euthunō old verb, to make straight (from ευτυς euthus straight, level, Mark 1:3), in N.T. only here and John 1:23. Used also of the shepherd, the charioteer, and today it would apply to the chauffeur. “The twin figure of the control of horse and of ship are frequently found together in later Greek writers” (Ropes). As in Plutarch and Philo.Willeth (βουλεται bouletai). Present middle indicative of βουλομαι boulomai common verb to will. Here intention of the steersman lies back of the impact of the hand on the rudder. [source]
First aorist (ingressive) passive imperative of γινομαι ginomai to become with allusion (και kai also) to κατα kata (God as our example), “Do ye also become holy.” For αναστροπη anastrophē (manner of life) see 1 Peter 1:18; 1 Peter 2:12; 3:1-16; James 3:13; 2 Peter 2:7. Peter uses αναστροπη anastrophē eight times. The original meaning (turning up and down, back and forth) suited the Latin word conversatio (converto), but not our modern “conversation” (talk, not walk). [source]
In the case of righteous (δικαιους dikaious in the O.T. sense like δικαιον Λοτ dikaion Lot in 2 Peter 2:7) for their good, but in the case of men “that do evil” (επι ποιουντας κακα epi poiountas kaka “upon men doing evil things”) “the face of the Lord” (προσωπον κυριου prosōpon kuriou) is not for their good, επι epi here approaching “against” in idea. [source]
No copula in the Greek, probably εστιν estin (is) rather than δυναται dunatai (can). Late and rare verbal adjective from αρκεω arkeō to suffice, in the papyri several times, in N.T. only here and Matthew 6:34; Matthew 10:25, apparently referring to Christ‘s words in Matthew 6:34 (possibly an axiom or proverb).To have wrought (κατειργασται kateirgasthai). Perfect middle infinitive of κατεργαζομαι katergazomai common compound (κατα εργον kataτο βουλημα ergon work) as in 1 Corinthians 5:3.The desire Correct text, not πεπορευμενους thelēma Either means the thing desired, willed. Jews sometimes fell in with the ways of Gentiles (Romans 2:21-24; Romans 3:9-18; Ephesians 2:1-3) as today some Christians copy the ways of the world.And to have walked (πορευομαι peporeumenous). Perfect middle participle of κατειργασται poreuomai in the accusative plural of general reference with the infinitive εν ασελγειαις kateirgasthai Literally, “having walked or gone.”In lasciviousness All these sins are in the locative case with επιτυμιαις en “In unbridled lustful excesses” (2 Peter 2:7; 2 Corinthians 12:21).Lusts (οινοπλυγιαις epithumiais). Cf. 1 Peter 2:11; 1 Peter 4:2.Winebibbings Old compound Old word (from ποτοις keimai to lie down), rioting drinking parties, in N.T. here and Galatians 5:21; Romans 13:13.Carousings Old word for drinking carousal (from ατεμιτοις ειδωλολατριαις pinō to drink), here only in the N.T. In the light of these words it seems strange to find modern Christians justifying their “personal liberty” to drink and carouse, to say nothing of the prohibition law. The Greeks actually carried lust and drunkenness into their religious observances (Aphrodite, for instance).Abominable idolatries (ειδωλον λατρεια athemitois eidōlolatriais). To the Christian all “idolatry,” (τεμιτος eidōlonτεμιστος latreia), worship of idols, is “abominable,” not allowed (alpha privative and τεμιζω themitos ατεμιτος themistos the old form, verbal of themizō to make lawful), but particularly those associated with drinking and licentiousness. The only other N.T. example of athemitos is by Peter also (Acts 10:28) and about the Mosaic law. That may be the idea here, for Jews often fell into idolatrous practices (Deissmann, Bible Studies, p. 274). [source]
Correct text, not πεπορευμενους thelēma Either means the thing desired, willed. Jews sometimes fell in with the ways of Gentiles (Romans 2:21-24; Romans 3:9-18; Ephesians 2:1-3) as today some Christians copy the ways of the world.And to have walked (πορευομαι peporeumenous). Perfect middle participle of κατειργασται poreuomai in the accusative plural of general reference with the infinitive εν ασελγειαις kateirgasthai Literally, “having walked or gone.”In lasciviousness All these sins are in the locative case with επιτυμιαις en “In unbridled lustful excesses” (2 Peter 2:7; 2 Corinthians 12:21).Lusts (οινοπλυγιαις epithumiais). Cf. 1 Peter 2:11; 1 Peter 4:2.Winebibbings Old compound Old word (from ποτοις keimai to lie down), rioting drinking parties, in N.T. here and Galatians 5:21; Romans 13:13.Carousings Old word for drinking carousal (from ατεμιτοις ειδωλολατριαις pinō to drink), here only in the N.T. In the light of these words it seems strange to find modern Christians justifying their “personal liberty” to drink and carouse, to say nothing of the prohibition law. The Greeks actually carried lust and drunkenness into their religious observances (Aphrodite, for instance).Abominable idolatries (ειδωλον λατρεια athemitois eidōlolatriais). To the Christian all “idolatry,” (τεμιτος eidōlonτεμιστος latreia), worship of idols, is “abominable,” not allowed (alpha privative and τεμιζω themitos ατεμιτος themistos the old form, verbal of themizō to make lawful), but particularly those associated with drinking and licentiousness. The only other N.T. example of athemitos is by Peter also (Acts 10:28) and about the Mosaic law. That may be the idea here, for Jews often fell into idolatrous practices (Deissmann, Bible Studies, p. 274). [source]
All these sins are in the locative case with επιτυμιαις en “In unbridled lustful excesses” (2 Peter 2:7; 2 Corinthians 12:21).Lusts (οινοπλυγιαις epithumiais). Cf. 1 Peter 2:11; 1 Peter 4:2.Winebibbings Old compound Old word (from ποτοις keimai to lie down), rioting drinking parties, in N.T. here and Galatians 5:21; Romans 13:13.Carousings Old word for drinking carousal (from ατεμιτοις ειδωλολατριαις pinō to drink), here only in the N.T. In the light of these words it seems strange to find modern Christians justifying their “personal liberty” to drink and carouse, to say nothing of the prohibition law. The Greeks actually carried lust and drunkenness into their religious observances (Aphrodite, for instance).Abominable idolatries (ειδωλον λατρεια athemitois eidōlolatriais). To the Christian all “idolatry,” (τεμιτος eidōlonτεμιστος latreia), worship of idols, is “abominable,” not allowed (alpha privative and τεμιζω themitos ατεμιτος themistos the old form, verbal of themizō to make lawful), but particularly those associated with drinking and licentiousness. The only other N.T. example of athemitos is by Peter also (Acts 10:28) and about the Mosaic law. That may be the idea here, for Jews often fell into idolatrous practices (Deissmann, Bible Studies, p. 274). [source]
See on 2 Peter 2:7. [source]
Occurring three times in 2 Peter 2:7, 2 Peter 2:8. [source]
First aorist middle of ρυομαι ruomai as in Matthew 6:13, still part of the protasis with ει ei Lot This adjective δικαιος dikaios occurs three times in 2 Peter 2:7, 2 Peter 2:8. See Wisdom 10:6. [source]
The actual apodosis of the long protasis begun in 2 Peter 2:4. God can deliver his servants as shown by Noah and Lot and he will deliver you. The idiomatic use of οιδα oida and the infinitive (ρυεσται ruesthai present middle and see 2 Peter 2:7) for knowing how as in Matthew 7:11; James 4:17. [source]
Especially. He turns now to the libertine heretics (2 Peter 2:2, 2 Peter 2:7). [source]
See note on 2 Peter 2:7.Ye fall from (εκπεσητε ekpesēte). Second aorist active subjunctive with ινα μη hina mē of εκπιπτω ekpiptō old verb, to fall out of, with the ablative here (στηριγμου stērigmou steadfastness, late word from στηριζω stērizō here alone in N.T.) as in Galatians 5:4 (της χαριτος εχεπεσατε tēs charitos exepesate ye fell out of grace). [source]
Present middle imperative of πυλασσω phulassō common verb, to guard.Lest (ινα μη hina mē). Negative purpose, “that not.”Being carried away First aorist passive participle of συναπαγω sunapagō old verb double compound, to carry away together with, in N.T. only here and Galatians 2:13.With the error (τηι πλανηι tēi planēi). Instrumental case, “by the error” (the wandering).Of the wicked See note on 2 Peter 2:7.Ye fall from (εκπεσητε ekpesēte). Second aorist active subjunctive with ινα μη hina mē of εκπιπτω ekpiptō old verb, to fall out of, with the ablative here (στηριγμου stērigmou steadfastness, late word from στηριζω stērizō here alone in N.T.) as in Galatians 5:4 (της χαριτος εχεπεσατε tēs charitos exepesate ye fell out of grace). [source]
First aorist passive participle of συναπαγω sunapagō old verb double compound, to carry away together with, in N.T. only here and Galatians 2:13.With the error (τηι πλανηι tēi planēi). Instrumental case, “by the error” (the wandering).Of the wicked See note on 2 Peter 2:7.Ye fall from (εκπεσητε ekpesēte). Second aorist active subjunctive with ινα μη hina mē of εκπιπτω ekpiptō old verb, to fall out of, with the ablative here (στηριγμου stērigmou steadfastness, late word from στηριζω stērizō here alone in N.T.) as in Galatians 5:4 (της χαριτος εχεπεσατε tēs charitos exepesate ye fell out of grace). [source]
The second example in Jude, the fallen angels, accusative case after τετηρηκεν tetērēken (perfect active indicative of τηρεω tēreō for which verb see 2 Peter 2:4, 2 Peter 2:7) at the end of the verse (two emphatic positions, beginning and end of the clause). [source]